Deprived People Research Articles

The Plight of Syrian Refugees in the United States: Between Indifference and Dehumanization

Forced or voluntary migration worldwide and the quest for a safer and better life has not always resulted from armed conflicts or any form of political, ethnic, or religious persecution. Natural disasters have often enticed waves of deprived people across sovereign national borders. The present study investigates the plight of Syrian refugees in the aftermath of the 2011 upheavals which shook the Arab World, not as much because it poses unprecedented humanitarian and political challenges, but principally because it laid bare the double standard policy pursued by certain Western governments scapegoating Arab/Muslim stocks as a lingering menace to their security. To reconfigure the boundaries of decent debate and break down taboos over such a controversial issue, the paper raises a number of questions with regard to the essence of humanitarian work and how, over the past few decades, it has been politicized by ruthless politicians and unscrupulous technocrats to determine the resettlement of displaced masses or the allocation of funds to international relief organizations based on national, religious, and even racial standards. It takes the United States as a case in point to show how, despite being the largest donor of humanitarian assistance to Syrian refugees, it has resettled only a tiny fraction of such a group compared to poorer contiguous states. The paper posits, finally, to contribute survey-based argument to available literature which, to some degree, has not sufficiently explored the hypothetical connection between refugee flows and transnational terrorism to demonstrate, ultimately, that not every Arab/Muslim refugee is a terrorist-in-waiting.

Examining the social issues and challenges encountered by Bangladeshi foreign labors

This study focused on how the earnings of Bangladeshi foreign labor impacted the economic development of Bangladesh. The purpose of this research was to raise awareness of the problems faced by Bangladeshi laborers on short-term work visas in various foreign countries and to explore how society can address this significant social issue to eradicate the problems among the deprived poor people of the society. In this study, the researcher used a mixed approach of quantitative and qualitative methods. The main problem was the social challenges faced by Bangladeshi labor workers. This issue was important to address because it was necessary to advocate for the rights of the deprived people of Bangladesh. This study focused on the issues faced by Bangladeshi workers in foreign nations, such as Gulf countries and emerging Asian countries like Malaysia. Bangladeshi policymakers, economists, lawyers, and human rights activists found this study useful for their professions. This research employed a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative research.

Determinants of screening participation of disadvantaged populations in France: a qualitative study

Background People from deprived backgrounds and people with disability have generally limited access to health screening. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing access to recommended screenings for these disadvantaged groups, to inform development of tailored screening support. Methods Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants from deprived backgrounds and 12 participants with disability. A content analysis using an analytical framework was performed. Barriers and facilitators to screening participation were categorized in four domains: individual, social, healthcare system/healthcare professional, and screening procedure. Results Most barriers and facilitators pertained to the individual and healthcare system/healthcare professional domains. In the individual domain, fear could have a negative influence on screening participation in both groups. In the social domain, social influences (i.e. having children, knowing people suffering from the disease) were reported as facilitating screening. People with disability reported to be more influenced by factors related to the healthcare domain. Conclusion Our results highlight the need to better consider the environmental factors of individuals, in particular the potential influence of relatives and healthcare professionals, to improve their participation in screening.

Association of deprivation and its individual domains on outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease.

Due to the high correlation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with other comorbidities, the sole effect of CKD on deprived people is not clear. In addition, there is a paucity of evidence in the literature linking isolated domains of deprivation to outcomes. This study aimed to examine whether deprivation was associated with adverse outcomes in patients with CKD, independent of cardiometabolic morbidities. Individual domains of deprivation were also evaluated. A retrospective study of patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (ND-CKD) in the Salford Kidney Study to investigate the association of deprivation with outcomes. The English Indices of Deprivation was used for the comparative analysis of the five quintiles of deprivation. Two propensity score methods were used to attenuate the confounding effect of cardiometabolic morbidities between the least and the most deprived groups. People living in the least deprived areas (n=319) had a lower risk of combined outcomes (all-cause mortality and renal replacement therapy) when compared with the most deprived group (n=813) [hazard ratio (HR) 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.98]. The negative association of deprivation remained after matching but with mixed statistical significance when using different propensity methods (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.70-1.03 for propensity score matching and HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.61-0.98 for inverse probability weighting). The association of combined outcomes varied across component index of multiple deprivation domains with wide CIs. However, areas with lower scores for education, income and employment were significantly associated with a higher risk. This study has identified that in people with ND-CKD, unemployment, poor educational attainment and lower household income were associated with poor outcomes. The association of deprivation with adverse outcomes persists despite adjustment for cardiometabolic morbidities.

A Case Study of CSR Practices by Select Agri Companies in Andhra Pradesh

Society and business go hand – in – hand. One cannot thrive without other. Business has its responsibility towards all the stakeholders apart from revenue generation for larger social good. Hence, business has a moral obligation to contribute to the betterment of society. In this light, Corporate Social Responsibility is a channel through which corporations address the issues of different stakeholders by integrating social, economic and environment aspects into business operations. Corporate social responsibility has intensely changed the way corporate entities conduct their business activities in the social environment in the 21st century.India is the only country which has regulated and mandated CSR. Andhra Pradesh stands in sixth place among 10 states getting Agri CSR expenditure in India. Andhra Pradesh with a good amount of rise in industries creates a societal responsibility towards society and environment by the industries. Corporate Social Responsibility activity brings a change in the lives of deprived people in rural India. Deprived people in India are mostly based on agriculture for their livelihood and CSR also plays a significant role in the agriculture sector. Business Corporate social responsibility has a positive correlation with the financial performance of the business. This paper provides an insight on the initiatives taken and future initiatives being planned by select companies of Andhra Pradesh with regard to Corporate Social Responsibility. The selected companies are namely ITC Ltd., JSW Steel Limited, Pedillite Industries Ltd., Cummins IndiaLt., HindustanZinc ltd. The data related to CSR practices of select companies of AP is collected from the websites of the industries, annual reports, newspapers, magazines, financial statements of the industries and the like. This research study explores about the contribution by the companies towards CSR practices and efforts made for the development of society.

Judiciary: The Protector of the Tribal Rights

Since its emergence after independence, the judiciary has played the role of protector of the Constitution. The framers of the Constitution have also made provision for the judiciary to discharge this role through various writs under Articles 32 and 226. To protect, promote and preserve the rights of the tribal communities various provisions are enacted in the Indian Constitution. The development of tools like Public Interest Litigation (PIL) by the judiciary in the late 70s has significantly contributed to the protection of public interests. In protecting the constitutional and fundamental rights of the helpless, deprived and displaced tribals, the judiciary has interpreted the constitution's right to equality under Article 14-18, right to liberty and livelihood under Article 19, right to life under Article 21, right to religious freedom under Article 25-28 etc. according to the times and circumstances. Through judicial activism and public interest litigation, the judiciary has provided justice to all the underprivileged, exploited, victims and poor of the country who did not have access to the courts. According to the 2011 census, there are about 8% tribal communities in the country. This community is not only uneducated but also an economically weaker section of the society. Most importantly, this tribal community is also the most affected by liberalisation and developmental works. Governments not only displace this community to exploit natural resources but in many cases neglect to allocate compensation. There are many cases where even after decades, the work of rehabilitation and resettlement has not been completed. In such cases, it is only due to the intervention of the judiciary that the deprived and displaced people can get justice. In many cases, after the decision of the judiciary, the development projects have been stopped and the rehabilitation works of the displaced people have been completed. Due to the socio-economic, cultural and political marginalisation of the tribal communities, the Judiciary has adopted a positive approach towards these people while delivering the judgement according to the provisions made in the constitution. In this research paper, I will look into the cases related to the tribals with non-tribals, civil society organisations, the state which are called in the context while dealing with the tensions and conflicts by the judiciary in its judgements in the tribal areas.

Role of Community and Its Impact on Migration of Scheduled Cast Communities of West Bengal

Even in circumstances of poverty, migration responses are not simply driven by economic incentives but informed by ideas of appropriate actions in a particular context. A researcher focusing on migrant networks has played a very important role in helping to see the movement of people as part, not only of traditions of migration and interpreted in a cumulative migration theory, but also of wider processes of social and economic development. In this study carried out on an ancient, backward, and deprived Koch community people of Koch Behar district, we are straining to detect, how their relationship with any other member of the same community helps them to obtain a job outside the district. As our objective is to look at the association/ network in the process of migration, here we try to ensure that the whole society gets an equal opportunity to get selected for our study. So 500 households had been visited across the district comprising at least 50 percent should have at least one member residing outside. FGD and in-depth interviews were also carried out in each selected village. The outcome indicates that the present scenario of migration is not the only reason for impoverishment. The residential district is historically deprived basically on the economic front, but the masses are going to move outside for such a chore is a late phenomenon. The close relationship of the same community people is one of the primary causes of their migration. Education plays a crucial role in achieving their aspirations.

A study on millennium development goals and sustainable development goals: Lesson from Bangladesh

This paper aims to present the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the general inclusive growth of the world and Bangladesh in particular. With the passing of time, the world economy and economic systems have been changing rapidly in order to reach the development facilities of the deprived people living in the world. For this, the United Nations and world leaders have undertaken Millennium Development Goals to reduce the extreme economic hardship of the deprived people living there. Based upon MDGs, the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has undertaken Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to reduce the extreme poverty of the people living in Bangladesh. The study is mainly based on secondary information. Data have been collected from different publications from the United Nations, different websites, and institutional publications. During analysis of the collected data, it is seen that the steps undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh to reduce extreme poverty have become effective and the economic development of Bangladesh has been moving towards sustainability because the deprived section of people has started improving their lives and to some extent starts entering into development opportunities available in Bangladesh.

COVID, clay, and the digital: The role of digital media in pottery skill development during the COVID-19 pandemic in Britain

The COVID-19 lockdowns in Britain during 2020 and 2021 deprived people of access to studios and workshops in which we typically understand the learning and practising of skilled crafts to occur through working amongst others with materials. Recent literature on skill and craft has argued that it develops through social, participatory, and embodied processes in shared situated contexts. I argue that attention to the role of digital media within these ecologies is key to understanding how people continued to learn new craft skills during the pandemic. Drawing on Material Engagement Theory and the concept of digital materiality from digital sensory anthropology, I develop a case study around people practising pottery in Britain during the pandemic. I demonstrate how engagements with digital media are central to skill development, highlighting how the ‘digital’ and ‘terrestrial’ cannot be disentangled, and thus emphasising the importance of attending to the total hybrid learning ecology.

A Study On Aasara Pension Scheme Impact On Poorer Economic Development

Even 70 years of independences India still the deprived people life style not at all changed and they are still suffering with economic in-equality in the society. A lot of schemes introduced by Central / State governments to improve the situation. The Government of Telangana as a part of poverty alleviation strategy has prioritized social security programs for vulnerable sections of society to ensure that there are no deprived communities. In this context Government of Telangana introduced ‘Aasara Pension Schemes a safety net strategy for the welfare in November 2014 to safeguard several sections of the society.ln the past, social security pensions provided were meager and, barely sufficient to cover the basic minimum requirements of the needy. The idea of social security, including pensions, originates from the notion that everyone must have protection against vulnerability and deprivation but in practice, it has come to be linked to job security, whether one has a job in the formal or the informal sector. Under the Directive Principles Article 41, the State is expected to “within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement and in other cases of undeserved want.

Dr. Ambedkar’s Thoughts on Nationalism

The psychological concept of nationalism establishes a sense of fraternity in the society on cultural, ethnic, racial, religious and linguistic basis. One of the nation builders of modern India, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar coined a narrative of Nationalism about freedom of India from social inequality and untouchability. He talked about freedom of India from social inequality and untouchability. This could be understood as a subaltern narrative about the upliftment of downtrodden, deprived and marginalised sections of the society; the section that did not have any participation in public life of colonial India. In this research paper, we will study the various aspects of Dr. Ambedkar's nationalism, in which he firmly stated that without emancipation of deprived people (Dalits), Indian freedom struggle was not deemed to be complete. He has presented the concept of practical nationalism in contrast to western and Indian extremist concepts, some aspects of which we will discuss in this article.

Incidence and age at diagnosis of 31 long-term conditions and multimorbidity by sex and social class in a Scottish population

A good understanding of age, when individuals develop individual conditions and subsequently become multimorbid, would provide evidence to support better prevention, detection, and management of multiple long-term conditions. The study aimed to assess the age at onset, incidence, and prevalence of 31 long-term conditions and multimorbidity in Fife and Tayside, Scotland by sex and socioeconomic status.
 We linked routinely collected health records of 431,772 patients aged 25 years or higher on January 1st, 2000 till December 31st, 2018 from several database. Age of first report of the 31 Elixhauser long-term conditions was assessed.
 Median age at the onset of conditions within the population ranged from 39 years for AIDS/HIV to 73 years for fluid and electrolyte disorders and 75 years for renal failure. This was mostly delayed among the least deprived than most deprived people, up to 14 years for psychoses and AIDS/HIV. People with the highest deprivation in both sexes had earlier onset of all conditions except for blood loss anaemia where most deprived males had three years delay. Median age at the onset of multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity was 67 years (68 for females vs 66 for males; 68 for most deprived vs 73 for least deprived) and 71 years (73 for females vs 70 for males; 73 for most deprived vs 78 for least deprived) respectively. The yearly incidence of both multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity rose steadily from 1.6% and 0.2% in 2000, peaked in 2015 (3.2% vs 1.4%), declined to 2.9% and 1.3% respectively in 2018 while the prevalence grew from 1.6% and 0.2% to 27.2% and 10.1% over the same period.
 A number of conditions had earlier onset while others were delayed. The onset of conditions is generally about five years earlier among most deprived people than the least deprived just as multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity is higher and earlier among the most deprived. This information could help drive health system policy, management, intervention, and allocation of resources.

Impact of Firm-specific Factors on the Financial Performance of Nepalese Microfinance Institutions

Background: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) are established with the aim of providing an opportunity to financially deprived people to make them financially independent and come out of poverty. To provide financial assistance to the targeted people, MFI must be able to improve their financial performance. Thus, the financial manager of MFI needs to identify the major factors that influence their financial performance. Objectives: This paper aims to analyze the impact of firm-specific factors on the financial performance of Nepalese Microfinance Institutions (MFIs. Methods: This paper has applied descriptive and causal comparative research design. The annual panel data of 29 microfinance companies listed in the Nepal stock exchange for the period of 2010/11 to 2020/21 has been used. To identify the impact of firm-specific factors on the financial performance of Nepalese MFIs, an appropriate multivariate regression model is selected based on the result of the Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test and the Hausman test. Results: Using the fixed effect regression model, this paper found the significant influence of firm-specific factors on the financial performance of Nepalese MFIs. Further, this study found a significant positive impact on deposit ratio, management efficiency, and weighted average interest rate spread and a significant negative impact of asset quality on the financial performance of Nepalese MFIs. Conclusion: This paper concluded that the financial performance of Nepalese MFIs could can be improved by increasing the deposit ratio, management efficiency, and weighted average interest rate spread. On the other hand, the study also concluded that Nepalese MFIs should maintain a lower level of non-performing loans to achieve a higher level of financial performance.

Impact of pausing elective hip and knee replacement surgery during winter 2017 on subsequent service provision at a major NHS Trust: a descriptive observational study using interrupted time series

ObjectivesTo explore the impact of a temporary cancellation of elective surgery in winter 2017 on trends in primary hip and knee replacement at a major National Health Service (NHS) Trust,...

Neighborhood deprivation and aging sexual minority people's mental health

Neighborhood deprivation and aging sexual minority people's mental health

Afterword: Biography and Humanitarianism

ABSTRACT This ‘Afterword’ summarises the main themes of the papers, especially the motivation for international humanitarianism and the difficulty of researching it given the paucity of sources, as is all too common with the histories of mainly female activities. Nevertheless, the authors have successfully achieved invaluable analyses of the lives of a fascinating variety of women, and one man, working for deprived people across the world.

How well does the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identify income and employment deprived individuals across the urban-rural spectrum and between local authorities?

BackgroundArea-based indices of deprivation are used to identify populations at need, to inform service planning and policy, to rank populations for monitoring trends in inequalities, and to evaluate the impacts of interventions. There is scepticism of the utility of area deprivation indices in rural areas because of the spatial heterogeneity of their populations. ObjectiveTo compare the sensitivity of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) for detecting income and employment deprived individuals by urban-rural classification and across local authorities. Study designDescriptive analysis of cross-sectional data. MethodsData from the 2020 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) were used to calculate the number and percentage of income and employment deprived people missed within each of the six-fold urban-rural classification strata and each local authority using areas ranked by the national SIMD, within local authority rankings, and within urban-rural strata rankings, for deprivation thresholds between the 5% most deprived areas and the 30% most deprived areas. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were calculated within local authorities and urban-rural classification strata to estimate the concentration of deprivation within ranked data zones. ResultsThe number and percentage of income and employment deprived people is higher in urban than rural areas. However, using the national, local authority, and within urban-rural classification strata rankings of SIMD, and under all deprivation thresholds (from the 5%–30% most deprived areas), the percentage of income and employment deprived people missed by targeting the most deprived areas within urban-rural strata is higher in more remote and rural areas, and in island local authorities. The absolute number of income and employment deprived individuals is greater in urban areas across rankings and thresholds. ConclusionThe SIMD misses a higher percentage of income and employment deprived people in remote, rural and island areas across deprivation thresholds and irrespective of whether national, local or within urban-rural classification strata are used. However, the absolute number of people missed is higher in urban areas.

Towards a Healing Curriculum: Addressing Cultural Inclusion for the Indigenous Sadri Community in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a Southeast Asian country where the indigenous people of the northern and southeastern region speak a variety of native languages. But none of their languages is included in the main curriculum for teaching or learning. As a result, these people are often not motivated to send their children to school. The language policy of the country does not include these indigenous languages in the core curriculum. Though the government of Bangladesh has started an initial plan to introduce education in mother tongues of five major indigenous languages in the country, they are not yet implemented. A large number of studies have emphasized the need of curriculum inclusion through using the indigenous/minority languages to improve literacy for the deprived people, but no step has been officially taken to include any of these languages as a mode of classroom instruction in Bangladesh. Thus my paper investigates the impact of a mother-tongue based intervention adopted in a research study to expand possibilities of the cultural inclusion approach for the indigenous Sadri community in Bangladesh. While working with the research participants I felt the need of a healing curriculum that will help the indigenous people to cope with learning struggles. My paper proposes a healing curriculum to reduce cultural differences and maintain a cultural ecology (Cajete, 2000; Cardoso & Jimenez, 2015) within communities through cultural inclusion. I also advocate for a healing curriculum concept to foster cultural inclusion (Richardson, 2011) to counter identify dysfunction of curriculum design in a settler-colony context.

Dislocating peripheries to the center: A tecnologia social reinventing repertoires and territories

Although social innovation has gained increasing importance in recent decades due to its promise of promoting social change, critical scholars have identified a number of gray areas, notably numerous perspectives that fail to deeply question the conditions that maintain social inequalities and exclusion, and that are marked by the absence of the voices of those living in the so-called “peripheries.” Through the example of The Agency, we propose an alternative to hegemonic ways of understanding social innovation, one based on the Latin American concept of tecnologia social, which embodies a decolonial view. We make three contributions to the social innovation literature, thereby enriching the North-South debate. First, we illustrate a process of sociotechnical reconfiguration—an interplay of methodological tools, artifacts and discourses—which is central to the conception and implementation of a tecnologia social. Second, we show how a tecnologia social operates through a cumulative layering process of decolonizing the imaginary, challenging the colonial relationship between center/periphery and positioning deprived young people as actors who reinvent their repertoires and territories. Third, we introduce a debate linking the anthropophagic approach to epistemic justice, a valued theme in decolonial thinking. In doing so, this article contributes to the literature by proposing applicable and positive outcomes to critical and decolonizing thinking.

RETRACTED: Sustainable financial dimensions of managing poverty in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic is dangerous to people’s lives and livelihoods, creating immediate obstacles for organizations that support impacted populations. This research concentrates on the consequences for local microfinance institutions in Pakistan, which is a well-developed sector that has pulled many households out of the poverty trap. Microfinance programs in Pakistan provide financial resources to vulnerable and deprived people to engage in income-generating practices on more favorable terms. As a result, this study addressed and assessed the financial dimensions of managing poverty reduction in rural Pakistan through the microfinance segment and its effectiveness on poverty-reduction programs in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey to determine the views of the households, beneficiaries, and non-beneficiaries on the outcome and efficacy of poverty-reduction programs during the pandemic to meet the study objectives. The Mann-Whitney U test of the non-parametric method and Cronbach’s alpha of the data reliability test have been applied for the empirical analysis. According to the non-parametric findings, programs, marital status, working women members, and resources such as land, livestock, business assets, shares, and loans have all been affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education, wages, gender, size, child dependency, and district variables are significant factors related to poverty, but they fell into second position during COVID-19. These findings suggests that the small loan system must be improved and made efficient during the pandemic. This could be a practical tool to maintain poor people’s current economic and poverty position.