Prevalence Of Depressive Symptoms Research Articles

Associations between Sensory Loss and Depressive Symptoms in a Longitudinal National Study of Ageing Adults in Thailand

Introduction: Sensory loss and depressive symptoms (DS) may be an increasing concern in ageing adults. Some previous studies in China found bidirectional associations between sensory loss and DS, but we lack information on this relationship in Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study was to assess the bidirectional association between sensory loss and DS in a longitudinal study in Thailand.
 
 Methods: The responses of participants (≥ 45 years) of two consecutive waves (2015 and 2017) of the Health, Aging and Retirement in Thailand (HART) study were analysed. Sensory loss was assessed with self-reported questions and DS with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale.
 
 Results: The analytic baseline sample included 3708 participants (median = 66 years) who responded to the 2015 and 2017 survey. The prevalence of vision, hearing and dual sensory loss were 25.4%, 13.3% and 7.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of DS was 12.3%. In the final model, adjusted for relevant confounders, vision, hearing, and sensory loss at baseline were positively associated with incident DS (AOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.74; AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.38; and AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.69, respectively). DS at baseline was not significantly associated with incident vision, hearing or dual sensory loss.
 
 Conclusion: Baseline vision, hearing, and dual sensory loss increase the odds of incident DS, but baseline DS did not significantly increase the odds of incident vision, hearing, or dual sensory loss among ageing adults in Thailand.

Prevalence Of Depressive Symptoms Among Women With Hysterectomy

Background: Depression is the most common psychological problem suffered by women after hysterectomy and is linked to postoperative complications, negative perceptions about body image, femininity, sexual desire, youth, level of energy, and activity, as well as the inability to have children. Methods: A descriptive (Cross-Sectional) design is used in the present study to assess the level of depression among women's after hysterectomy. A Non-probability (purposive) sample consists of sixty women's. The current study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Consultant Unit at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital within Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate in Iraq. Results: Most women after hysterectomy have mild levels of depression (47%). Conclusion:The study found that most women after hysterectomy have depression. Recommendations: Enhancing the psychological and emotional condition of women after hysterectomy by nursing professionals Additionally, coordination between the consultant in obstetrics and Gynecology and the hospital's Department of Psychiatry is needed to reduce depression. And providing an effective discharge plan for women with hysterectomy, including a follow-up visit schedule, the required examinations, and referral numbers for each type of expected complaint after hysterectomy, especially psychological complaints.

Psychological impact of obesity: A comprehensive analysis of health-related quality of life and weight-related symptoms

BackgroundObesity has devastating impacts on both physical and mental health and has emerged as a major global health concern. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the impact of obesity on various health outcomes and to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of obese population. MethodsFor the study, 207 adult individuals who had a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or greater were chosen from a tertiary care hospital. The Weight-Related Symptom Measure (WRSM), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS21), and the Obesity Weight Loss-Quality of Life (OWL-QOL) questionnaires were given to the study participants. The correlation between obesity and the relevant factors was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. ResultsThe findings showed a strong correlation between obesity and weight-related symptoms such fatigue, joint pain, back pain, shortness of breath, overeating behaviours, and irritability. Furthermore, obesity and HRQoL showed a strong inverse connection, suggesting individuals with higher BMI experienced a lower level of quality of life. The assessment of psychological factors revealed a strong correlation between obesity and a higher prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. ConclusionThe study emphasises the intricate interactions between obesity, weight related symptoms, HRQoL, and mental health. The physical and psychological effects of obesity should be addressed by healthcare professionals using a comprehensive strategy. Tailored interventions, early prevention, and targeted management strategies for vulnerable subgroups are essential to enhance the overall well-being and mental health of obese individuals.

Workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors and its relationship with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students during clinical training in China

Background Workplace violence in healthcare settings is a significant public concern that profoundly impacts healthcare workers. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the prevalence of workplace violence and its correlation with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students in China during their clinical training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors and to assess its association with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students. Method The snowballing sampling technique was used to recruit Chinese medical students. A question designed by the research team was used to ask medical students about their encounters with workplace violence. Students’ basic demographic information and mental distresses (learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse/dependence, excessive daytime sleepiness and history of mental disorders) were also assessed. As appropriate, the data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent-sample t-tests and multiple logistic regression. Results Out of the 1402 undergraduate medical students who participated, 493 (35.2%) reported having experienced workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors, of which 394 (28.1%) were verbal abuse, 14 (1.0%) were physical aggression, and 85 (6.1%) were suffered from both verbal abuse and physical aggression. Furthermore, students exposed to workplace violence were more likely to report suicidal ideation and had a higher prevalence of learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse/dependence and excessive daytime sleepiness. Depression symptoms, history of mental disorders, learning burnout and having a partner were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in this population. Conclusion The prevalence of workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors was high among undergraduate medical students in China. This may be associated with their mental distress and suicidal ideation. Consequently, it is crucial to strengthen workplace safety measures and promptly implement interventions to mitigate the potentially serious consequences.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may improve anxious, insomnia and depressive symptoms among Chinese population aged 18–75 years during the COVID-19 pandemic

Previous studies have reported significant decreases in the incidence of mental health problems following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, less relevant studies are published in China. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving Chinese adults aged 18–75 years with no known psychiatric diseases. The study used data from mental health of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated and unvaccinated participants from May 2020 to July 2021.Three standardized scales, namely, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxious symptoms, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms and Athens Insomnia Score-8 (AIS-8) for insomnia symptoms, as well as basic demographic questions were used. The hierarchical regression method was used for multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. The results confirmed first that vaccinated participants experienced significantly lower anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms scores (P < 0.001) compared with unvaccinated participants. Second that vaccinated participants had a lower prevalence of anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). Third, after adjusting for potential confounders, we still observed a good correlation between vaccination and a reduced risk of anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. The current study showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may be helpful in improving anxious, insomnia, and depressive symptoms.

Exploring the psychological impact of anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with comorbid disease conditions post COVID-19 pandemic era

BackgroundChronic diseases and comorbidity are important predictors of depression and anxiety, the two most common disorders of poor mental health. Meanwhile, the pandemic increases anxiety and depression levels, alongside declined quality of life (QoL), the same way that comorbidities are associated with severity of COVID-19 progression. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression, as well as the QoL among patients with chronic medical conditions in Amman, Jordan, in the post-pandemic period. MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with comorbidities using a validated questionnaire consisting of 3 parts. Anxiety and depression prevalence were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), while the QoL in terms of physical, psychological, social, emotional, and general mental health was evaluated using the SF-36 QoL questionnaire. ResultsA total of 150 participants (mean age=55±13 years) were enrolled in the study. Most participants reported a significantly elevated level of borderline abnormal or mild anxiety (44%, P<.0001). The QoL scores indicated relatively poor well-being, particularly in the physical role (29.2±45.5) and emotional role (26.2±4.0) domains (P<.05). Statistical significance was observed between HADS anxiety or depression scores and variables, such as age, education level, and comorbidities. ConclusionThis study's findings provide insights into the adverse psychiatric consequences, high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and reduced quality of life among patients with comorbid conditions post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Effects of parenting style on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and their comorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among 3117 Chinese junior high school students

IntroductionDepressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and comorbidity increased in junior high school students due to the outbreak of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to measure the impacts of parenting style on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and their comorbidity in Chinese junior high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. MethodsAn online survey was conducted in June 2020 among 3117 junior high school students from Shandong Province, China. The Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran scale was used to measure parenting styles. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire scale and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale were used to measure depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted with SPSS 25.0 Version. Results3117 junior school students enrolled in this study. The prevalence of depressive symptoms only, anxiety symptoms only, and comorbidity among junior high school students was 11.55 %, 5.29 %, and 22.97 %. Paternal over-protection was a risk factor not only for depressive symptoms only (OR = 1.075, 95 % CI = 1.020–1.134) but for anxiety symptoms only (OR = 1.090, 95 % CI = 1.016–1.170) and comorbidity (OR = 1.098, 95 % CI = 1.050–1.148). Paternal over-interference was a protective factor for depressive symptoms only (OR = 0.947, 95 % CI = 0.908–0.987) and comorbidity (OR = 0.953, 95 % CI = 0.921–0.986). However, maternal over-interference and over-protection were risk factors for depressive symptoms only (OR = 1.039, 95 % CI = 1.011–1.068). LimitationsThis was a cross-sectional study and the causal inferences could not be conducted. ConclusionsJunior high school students with poorer family environmental factors were more likely to suffer from the comorbidity of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Decision-makers from the government, educational, and healthcare institutions should pay more attention to junior high school students at higher risk of mental disorders due to poor parenting styles. We should discuss family interventions in the future to prevent mental disorders in junior high school students.

An international comparison of gender differences in mental health among higher-education students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a multilevel design

BackgroundMental health problems are a common phenomenon among higher-education students. How these mental health problems manifest themselves appears to differ between male and female students. While the latter group bears a greater risk of developing internalizing problems, with depression being particularly prevalent, these problems manifest themselves in male students mainly via externalizing disorders, with alcohol abuse being the most prevalent. Available cross-national research on students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, to date, mainly focused on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, thereby ignoring a possible gendered impact of the pandemic.MethodsThe current study used the COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study, which collected data on students’ mental health during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries, and multilevel modeling was applied.ResultsIt finds that, overall, female students reported more depressive feelings, and male students reported more excessive alcohol consumption. The strictness of the governmental containment measures explained a substantial amount of these gender differences in depressive feelings, but not in excessive alcohol consumption.ConclusionsOur study highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic had a gendered impact on students’ mental health. Studies that ignore the gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are therefore limited in scope.

Association between residential greenness and depression symptoms in Chinese community-dwelling older adults

BackgroundStudies of residential greenness and depression symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in China are limited. However, understanding the role of greenness in depression symptoms among older adults can inform depression prevention and interventions. ObjectiveThis study explored the relationship between residential greenness and depression symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in China. MethodsA cluster random sampling method was used to survey 7512 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above from three towns in Shanghai. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS30). Residential greenness was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI). Long-term greenspace exposure was defined as the mean NDVI and EVI in the three years prior to the baseline survey. Controlling for the covariates, the relationship between greenness and depression symptoms was assessed using binomial logistic regression and mixed-effects linear regression. Interaction analysis was conducted to explore which covariates potentially alter the association. We also assessed the mediating role of physical activity. ResultsThe prevalence of depression symptoms among the participants was 13.72%. Higher residential greenness was associated with lower odds of depression symptoms, after adjusting for covariates. In the logistic regression analysis, the odds of depression symptoms decreased with increasing NDVI and EVI. In linear regression analysis, GDS30 scores decreased with increasing NDVI and EVI. Interaction analyses revealed that higher NDVI and EVI were more protective against depression among male individuals and older adults living with others than among female individuals and older adults living alone. Additionally, physical activity had a masking effect on residential greenness and depression symptoms. ConclusionHigher residential greenness is associated with lower odds of depression symptoms in community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Increasing urban and neighborhood green spaces may contribute to the prevention and intervention of depression symptoms in community-dwelling older adults.

The Effect of Holy Quran Audio Therapy on Depression and Anxiety Among Jordanian Patients Following CABG: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: The positive outcomes of the CABG procedure are affected by several factors, including the patient’s psychological status, measured by the level of depression and anxiety. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among Jordanian post-CABG patients is high. However, clinicians do not consider anxiety and depression and their impacts in the daily screenings. The effects of non-pharmacological interventions ( i.e. Holy Quran Audio Therapy and Music Therapy) on anxiety and depression have been investigated in some cardiac populations, although no single study was designed specifically to investigate the effect of Holy Quran Audio Therapy on anxiety and depression post-CABG. Objective: To examine the effect of Holy Quran audio therapy on anxiety and depression among Arabic-speaking post-CABG patients. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 165 post-CABG ICU patients at four major hospitals in (in Amman), (Jordan). They were randomly distributed into control (N = 83) and intervention (N = 82) groups. The intervention group received Holy Quran audio therapy on two days (typically the second and third days after CABG, when patients were alert and not intubated). The therapy session was of ten minutes duration, with four hours in between sessions. Depression and anxiety were measured at baseline and follow-up using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Independent and paired t-tests were used for data analysis. Results: Holy Quran audio therapy was linked to statistically significant positive effects. In which Intervention group of patients displaying lower mean depression and anxiety levels compared to the control group (M [SD]; 8.82 [6.35] vs. 13.38 [5.52]) (M [SD]; 6.26 [1.59] vs. 7.48 [3.44], respectively). Implications for Nursing: Holy Quran audio therapy is a non-invasively and non-pharmacologically intervention that might be used to decrease depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Holy Quran audio therapy significantly improved post-CABG patients’ anxiety and depression and is recommended for Muslim patients to improve their psychological status. Registration Number: The clinical trial studies have the registration number NCT 05419554.

Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in the Whole Spectrum of Cognitive Aging: Findings from the HELIAD Community Study

AbstractBackgroundDepressive symptoms embody a risk factor for developing age‐related cognitive impairment, while they belong to the most common non‐cognitive symptoms of dementia. The conundrum of the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older adults in the Mediterranean region, but also worldwide is vividly reflected in reported prevalence rates ranging from 7.7% in a study from Malaysia and Australia to 81.1% in India. The present study aimed to shed light on the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms in the entire spectrum of cognitive aging based on a cohort of randomly selected older adults from municipal rosters of two locations in Attica and central Greece.MethodsBased on a thorough neurological and neuropsychological assessment, the diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) or dementia caused by other diseases (non‐AD) were established in participants of the Hellenic Epidemiological Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD). The presence of depressive symptoms was tapped with the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Scores between 0‐4 point to the absence of depression, while scores between 5‐8, 9‐11, 12‐15 are compatible with mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms, respectively. Statistical analyses were based on Pearson’s Chi‐squared test and pairwise proportions tests.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms in the total sample (n = 1937 participants; mean age 73,84 SD: 5,427, females: 1148) was 19.5% (mild 13.1%, moderate 3.8%, severe 2.5%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms in older adults without cognitive impairment was 18%, in patients with MCI 27%, in AD 25% and in non‐AD 23.5%. The differences in the distribution of depressive symptoms of different severity across the four groups reached statistical significance (chi‐squared = 28.957, df = 9, p‐value&lt;0.001). The prevalence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms reached its maximum in AD (11.3%) and its lowest in people without cognitive impairment (5.4%).ConclusionsAlmost one out of five older adults suffered from depressive symptoms, with the prevalence and severity increasing significantly in cases of cognitively impaired individuals. These observations highlight the urgent need for raising awareness regarding the presence of depressive symptoms in older adults and improving primary, secondary and tertiary preventive strategies.

FC37: Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its association with probable sarcopenia, disability, frailty and comorbidities among older adults.

Objective:Depression is the most frequent cause of emotional distress in old age and can reduce the quality of life of the elderly. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle associated with reduced physical strength/performance. In recent years, some studies have shown correlations between sarcopenia and depression. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between depressive symptoms, sarcopenia, functional dependence and comorbidity in the geriatric patient at the first geriatric outpatient evaluation ever performed.Materials and Methods:older adults (&gt;=65 years of age) at their first access to the geriatric outpatient clinic of Modena County (Italy) between October 2020 and June 2021 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All participants were evaluated validated scales in order to perform a multidimensional geriatric assessment. The symptomatologic diagnosis of depression was performed through the GDS 4-item (cut-off &gt;=2). Frailty was evaluated through the Clinical Frailty Scale (cut-off &gt;=5). The probability of sarcopenia was evaluated through the SARC-F (cutoff &gt;=4). Functional dependence was assessed through the ADL scale and deemed as severe (ADL 0-2), moderate (ADL 3-5), absent (ADL 6). Comorbidity burden was assessed through CIRS.Results:229 patients (mean age 82.4±7.9 years, 67.6% female) were evaluated. Clinically significant depressive symptoms were found in 173 (75.5%) patients. Probable sarcopenia was reported in 118 (51.5%) patients while 100 (43.7%) and 64 (27.9%) patients were moderately or severely dependent, respectively. At multivariate logistic regression, probable sarcopenia (aOR 2.48, 95%CI 1.09-6.40), moderate functional dependence (aOR 2.62, 95%CI 1.17-5.87) but not severe (aOR 2.72, 95%CI 0.79-9.33) were associated with the presence of depressive symptoms. Conversely, frailty (aOR 0.97, 95%CI 0.39-2.40) was not associated with presence of depressive symptoms, while CIRS (aOR 0.79, 95%CI 0.66-0.96) was found to be protective.Discussion:the study showed that a clinically relevant depressive symptomatology is prevalent among older adults and it is associated with higher probability of sarcopenia and moderate, but not severe, functional dependence. On the contrary, there was no association between depressive symptoms and frailty.Conclusion:The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high among geriatric outpatient and can both be conditioned by and have an impact on the presence of sarcopenia and functional dependence.

Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients in Western Nepal.

Globally, COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health. In Nepal, COVID-19 positive cases have to self-isolate at home in multi-generational and multi-family households. This could be strongly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress-related health outcomes. Additionally, COVID-19 related stigma and fear of transmission may intensify depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. This study determined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and their association with presence of COVID-19 symptoms and comorbid conditions among home isolated COVID-19 positives in the Karnali province, Nepal. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among 402 home isolated COVID-19 patients of Karnali province from January to May 2021 using "Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)". We interviewed patients to collect socio-demographic, DASS-21, COVID-19 symptoms, comorbid conditions, and self-treatment. We conducted a telephonic interview using a standardized questionnaire using Kobotoolbox. We calculated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. We utilized univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine their association with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and comorbid conditions. In multivariate logistic regression, we adjusted sociodemographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, monthly family income, education level), smoking status and history of self-treatment. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were conducted in R (version: 4.0.3). The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among home isolated COVID-19 patients were 8.0% (95% CI: 5.5 to 11.1), 11.2% (95% CI: 8.3 to 14.7), and 4.0% (95% CI: 2.3 to 6.4) respectively. Higher odds of depression symptoms (aOR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.10-7.44,p= 0.03), anxiety symptoms (aOR: 3.81; 95% CI: 1.62 to 8.93;p= <0.01) and stress symptoms (aOR: 7.78; 95% CI: 1.43 to 42.28;p= 0.02) were associated significantly with presence of COVID-19 symptoms in past week. Higher odds of anxiety symptoms were associated with the presence of comorbid conditions (aOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.09 to 7.80;p= 0.03). Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were present in a significant proportion of home isolated COVID-19 patients in western Nepal and positively associated with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms. In this global COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to provide timely counseling to high-risk groups like those with comorbidities and COVID-19 symptoms to maintain a high level of mental health among home isolated COVID-19 patients.

Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group intervention for the treatment of anxiety in family carers of people with dementia: an exploratory randomised controlled trial

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of anxiety symptoms is estimated to be equal to or higher than the prevalence of depressive symptoms in family carers of people with dementia. However, anxiety is currently somehow neglected in the carer literature. Previous studies demonstrated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is effective for treating anxiety symptoms in family carers of people with dementia, but these studies were mainly conducted in developed countries. The current study explored the effectiveness of an ACT group intervention on the anxiety symptoms in Brazilian family carers of people with dementia.MethodA single‐centre, unblinded, double‐arm exploratory randomised trial was conducted. Fifty‐seven family carers of people with dementia presenting with mild to severe anxiety symptoms were randomised to the intervention group (n = 29) or waiting list group (n = 28). The intervention group received eight weekly sessions of Group ACT, delivered through videoconference. Participants completed the measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms, caregiver burden, psychological flexibility and quality of life at Week 0, Week 9 and Week 20. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate whether there was a significant difference in scores between the intervention and control groups, at week 9 and week 20, while controlling for the baseline scores using both intention‐to‐treat and completers data analyses.ResultParticipants were mostly women, from low‐ to middle‐income socioeconomic levels, with a mean age of 52 years and median education of 15 years. Participants in the intervention group had lower scores of anxiety and depression symptoms compared to participants in the control condition at weeks 9 and 20 in both the intention‐to‐treat and completer analyses. Only participants who attended six or more sessions (i.e. completer sample) demonstrated reduced caregiver burden at both follow‐up points. The completer sample also showed improvement in quality of life at week 9. The results did not show any effect of the intervention on psychological flexibility.ConclusionThis study provides evidence supporting the use of group ACT, delivered through videoconference, with family carers of people with dementia to help them cope better with anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Depression as comorbidity in Sundanese epilepsy patients

Background: Depressive disorder is a common psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy (PWE). This health condition is prevalent among the Sundanese who have a calm and polite character, with a tendency to hide their feelings, which is associated with an increased risk of depression. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and the associated factors among Sundanese PWE. The study was carried out in the neurology outpatient clinic at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, consisting of the Sunda ethnic group as the majority of patients. Self-stigma degree was measured using the Indonesian version of Internalized Stigma of Epilepsy (ISEP) questionnaire, while depression symptom was screened through the Indonesian version of Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E). Subsequently, patients who had depression symptoms were referred to a psychiatrist to confirm whether their conditions matched the criteria of MDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-5. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in Sundanese epilepsy patients was found to be 18.4%, and MDD was 6.8% among 103 patients included in this study. Many PWE with MDD were not married, had uncontrolled seizures, used polytherapy anti-seizure medication, and exhibited a higher degree of self-stigma. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of MDD was found to be 6.8% among a cohort of Sundanese PWE. A significant relationship was also observed between MDD and several factors, including single status, uncontrolled seizure, polytherapy, and a higher degree of self-stigma.

Psychological distress in nursing students: relationship with screen time, diet and physical activity.

to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as their association with screen time, diet and physical activity, in a cohort comprised by nursing students. a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 648Nursing students. The instruments used were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Spanish Healthy Eating Index (Índice de Alimentación Saludable Español, IASE). Different multiple linear regression models were performed to analyze the association between anxiety/depression symptoms and screen time, diet and physical activity. the prevalence values for anxiety and depression symptoms were 24.1% and 3.7%, respectively. Prolonged screen times (>6 hours a day), low levels of physical activity and inadequate diet were independently and significantly associated with deeper psychological symptoms. Nursing students' mental health might benefit from the implementation of initiatives promoting healthy lifestyles.

Sleep quality and associated factors among patients with chronic kidney disease in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivePoor sleep quality adversely affects the overall well-being and outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it has not been well studied in Africans with CKD. We determined...

P175: Cohort differences in depressive burden in old age: role of psychosocial, behavioral, and functional factors

Objective:Rapid societal changes occurred during the course of the 20th century. Previous literature has found an increase in depression over time for younger and middle- aged populations. Among older adults, the prevalence of major depression has been found to be stable over time, while for the milder forms, the findings are limited by the largely non-representative nature of analyzed samples. Given the dramatic secular changes in several factors linked to old-age depression, a careful examination of depressive symptom burden and prevalence of depression in representative cohorts of similarly-aged older adults separated in time is required.Methods:We will analyze data on 2,041 older adults from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Separate individuals, aged 60 and 81 years were assessed with a Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) during detailed clinical examinations, separated in time by 15 years (2001 vs. 2016). Information on 21 depressive symptoms, is subsequently combined into diagnoses of major depression (presence of at least one core symptom [low mood and/or loss of interest], and at least five out of the nine symptoms); minor depression (presence of at least one core symptom, and two to four symptoms in total), and subsyndromal depression (presence of at least two symptoms in the absence of any other depression diagnoses). Psychosocial (loneliness, bereavement), behavioral (alcohol consumption, smoking), and functional factors (impairments in activities of daily living) are used as potential explanatory factors for any observed cohort differences in symptom burden or prevalence of depression.Results:For the 60-year old age-group, comparison of symptom burden and diagnostic status will be done across 739 participants assessed in 2001 and 677 people assessed in 2013. For the 81-year old age- group, comparisons will involve 236 people assessed in 2001, 194 people assessed in 2010, and 195 people assessed in 2016.Conclusion:Preliminary results are expected by March, once data entry and cleaning are completed. We hypothesize that the burden of depressive symptoms and the prevalence of depression will be lower in later born cohorts and that explanatory factors may account for some of the cohort effect.

The relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in medical staff after their infection with COVID-19

BackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) play a crucial role in managing infectious diseases like COVID-19. However, the demanding working conditions during the pandemic have led to an increased risk of depression and sleep disorders among these dedicated professionals. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in medical staff who had contracted COVID-19.MethodsThis descriptive study involved a sample of 203 HCWs who had contracted COVID-19. These HCWs were employed at a hospital affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2020. The data for this study were collected using a demographic information form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS22, with a significance level set at less than 0.05.ResultsThe study found that the mean score for depressive symptoms among the participants was 11.67 ± 2.68, while the mean score for sleep quality was 5.47 ± 3.02. It was observed that 18.2% of the participants experienced moderate depression, 10.3% had severe depression, and 59.6% had poor sleep quality. Furthermore, a significant and positive correlation was identified between sleep quality and depression (r = 0.54; p = 0.001). Multiple regression models indicated that the harmful pattern and sleep quality together could predict 34% of the variance in depression. Additionally, the use of sedatives and depression were found to predict 33% of the variance in sleep quality.ConclusionThe findings of our study indicated a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and insomnia among medical staff who had contracted COVID-19. These results provide valuable insights for health managers, highlighting the need for implementing interventions in epidemic environments to reduce the vulnerability of HCWs.

Urban insights into mental health: A study of depression and anxiety factors among urban adults of Bangladesh in the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT This study investigates the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among urban adults in Bangladesh and explores the associated socio-demographic factors. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2021 among the adults living in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, using a standard questionnaire designed using Google Forms and sent via a unique uniform resource locator (URL). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was employed to assess symptoms of mental health issues. The survey included responses from 993 participants. The results indicate that about 40% of the urban adults had moderate-severe anxiety symptoms, while about 46% had depression symptoms. Urban adults’ level of education, gender, occupation, place of birth, and asset quintile were found to have a significant correlation with increased anxiety and depression. The findings stressed the need for developing effective mental health services and educational programs for urban people to meet their mental health needs and prevention mechanisms. There is an urgent need for interventions that specifically target mental health issues.