Depressive Anxiety Symptoms Research Articles

Anxious-depressive symptoms and sleep quality in scholarship students at a private university in Piura, Peru

Anxious-depressive symptoms and sleep quality in scholarship students at a private university in Piura, Peru

Chronic insomnia and ways to overcome it

Relevance. Chronic insomnia is one of the most common forms of nighttime sleep disorders. It leads to a decrease in human performance, the development of social maladjustment, and even changes in the personal sphere. Chronic insomnia can become a trigger for decompensation of somatic, neurological and mental diseases, which determines the need to find ways to overcome it. Objective. To determine the efficacy and safety of the dietary supplement Alpha-Melatonin Relax in the treatment of chronic insomnia in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Materials and methods. The study involved 30 patients (18 women and 12 men) with chronic cerebral ischemia of stage I and II, the average age of which was 46.12 ± 4.98 years. The course of treatment consisted of 30 days of taking Alpha-Melatonin Relax, 1–2 tablets 30–60 minutes before bedtime. Clinical and neurological symptoms were assessed and tested using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in dynamics. Results and their discussion. The study results showed that 30-day administration of Alpha-Melatonin Relax provided a significant p≤0.05 improvement in the subjective assessment of the quality of night sleep, a decrease in the time to fall asleep, an increase in sleep duration, a decrease in the severity of emotional disorders and daytime dysfunction. Clinical and neurological follow-up of patients during the treatment course revealed a significant reduction in the severity of chronic insomnia, asthenia, and anxiety-depressive symptoms, which allows us to recommend the use of the dietary supplement Alpha-Melatonin Relax in clinical practice. Conclusions. Based on the data of a clinical-neurological and psychodiagnostic study, the statistically significant effectiveness of the dietary supplement AlphaMelatonin Relax in correcting the symptoms of chronic insomnia in patients with the initial stages of chronic brain ischemia has been proven.

Peculiarities of the affective sphere in patients with different forms of diffuse alopecia

Background. To determine the peculiarities of the affective sphere in patients with different forms of diffuse alopecia, in order to develop personalized approaches to treatment and rehabilitation for this contingent of patients in the future. Purpose. To determine the features of the affective sphere in patients with different forms of diffuse alopecia, for the development, subsequently, personalized approaches to treatment and rehabilitation for this contingent of patients. Materials and Methods. Our examination involved 153 women aged 25 to 45 with diffuse alopecia. By means of a structured interview according to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) and the psychodiagnostic method, three groups were distinguished among female patients at the first stage of the work: without signs of mental maladjustment (MM) numbering 45 people (group 1 – G1); with separate signs of maladjustment, numbering 73 people (group 2 – G2); and with the adjustment disorders according to the ICD-10 criteria, numbering 35 people (group 3 – G3). Taking into account the genesis of alopecia within each of these groups the following two subgroups were distinguished: metabolic (45 patients) or mixed (108 patients). Further study of the affective sphere of the examinees, which was conducted at the second stage of the work, was carried out by clinical-psychopathological and psychometric methods (using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and The Beck Depression Inventory). Results. The mental state of patients with diffuse alopecia of both metabolic and mixed genesis is characterized by diversity and clinical-psychopathological heterogeneity along the axis «mental health – adjustment disorders F43.2». Among this contingent there are mentally healthy individuals (a total of 29.4%, 66.7% of them with metabolic alopecia, 13.9% with mixed alopecia), patients with mosaic signs of mental maladjustment (MM), the variability and intensity of which do not reach the nosologically defined level (only 47.7%, 20.0% of them with metabolic alopecia and 59.3% with mixed alopecia), and patients with adjustment disorders of cluster F43.2 (total 22.9%, 13.3% of them with metabolic form of alopecia and 26.8% with a mixed form of alopecia). Thus, the majority of female patients with diffuse alopecia are in a state of mental maladjustment (47.7%), having individual symptoms of different, but not very significant severity, while the quantitative difference of both mentally healthy people and persons with stress-associated adjustment disorders (29.4% and 22.9%, accordingly), is not statistically significant. In the structure of mental pathology in patients with diffuse alopecia, there are relevant differences depending on the genesis of the dermatological disease: mentally healthy people predominate (66.7%) among patients with metabolic alopecia, while among people with a mixed form of alopecia, the majority have signs of mental maladjustment (MM) (59.3%), and a little less than a third (26.8%) – clinically formed adjustment disorders. Clinical variability and intensity of psychopathological affective anxiety-depressive symptoms also varies depending on the genesis of alopecia, having significant differences in expressiveness in patients with a mixed form, in contrast to the metabolic one. This applies to both the leading depressive and anxiety clinical-psychopathological phenomena. Conclusion. The revealed regularities should be taken into account when developing a strategy of personalized treatment of patients with diffuse alopecia.

Network analysis of suicide ideation and depression–anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents

BackgroundThe co-occurrence of depression and anxiety among adolescents is typically associated with suicide ideation.AimsThe study aimed to investigate the symptom-level relationship between suicide ideation and the comorbidity of depression and...

CLINICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DISTRESS IN PERSONS WHO WERE FORCED TO MOVE DUE TO THE WAR

Aim – to investigate and study the clinical and psychological characteristics of persons who were forced to move due to the war in 2022 to provide recommendations for medical and psychological care and support.Material and methods. Diagnostic interviews used in the study are based on screening methods for assessing mental status, in particular depression, anxiety states, the impact of traumatic events, and assessment of psycho-emotional distress in work and everyday activities. The study was supplemented with the SCL-90-R method, which contributed to a better generalization of data on the mental state, and the AAQ-II method, which made it possible to assess the tendency to emotional avoidance as a mechanism of mental adaptation disorders.Results. The presence of clinically significant anxiety-depressive symptoms associated with the impact of traumatic events and causing psycho-emotional distress in everyday life has been demonstrated. Predictor factors determining distress and psychosocial functioning in various areas are described and can be used as targets for medical and psychological interventions. An analysis of gender differences is presented.Conclusions. The main predictors of distress in work and everyday activities were found to be the impact of traumatic experience, tendency to emotional avoidance, and symptoms of depressive states. Men prevailed in the level of distress in significant areas related to work and household maintenance. Medical-psychological interventions for the development of conscious strategies for coping with distress and overcoming emotional avoidance are promising for further research and clinical practice.

The impact of depressive and anxious symptoms on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents: a network analysis

PurposeConceptualizing adolescent NSSI and emotional symptoms as a system of causal elements could provide valuable insights into the development of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescent. This study aimed to explore the intricate relationship between NSSI, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms in adolescents, identifying key symptoms to establish a theoretical foundation for targeted and effective interventions addressing NSSI behaviors in this population.MethodsA total of 412 adolescents with NSSI behaviors were selected from outpatients. Generalized anxious disorder scale (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were employed to measure anxious symptoms and depressive symptoms, respectively. The adolescent non-suicidal self-injury assessment questionnaire (ANSSIAQ) was used to evaluate NSSI of adolescent. Using network analysis, the NSSI、depressive symptoms and anxious symptoms network were constructed to identify the most central symptoms and the bridge symptoms within the networks.ResultsThe findings revealed that the NSSI functional nodes “coping with sadness and disappointment” and “relieving stress or anxious” exhibited the strongest correlation, with a regularized partial correlation coefficient was 0.401. The symptoms “having a desire to harm oneself and unable to stop” and the node “depressive symptoms” had the highest strength centrality in the network, and their strength centrality indices were 1.267 and 1.263, respectively. The bridge nodes were “having a desire to harm oneself and unable to stop” and “expressing one’s despair and hopelessness”, with expected impact indices of 0.389 and 0.396, respectively.ConclusionIn adolescents, the network revealed a closer connection between NSSI and depressive symptoms. “The desire to not stop hurting oneself” is not only broadly connected to other nodes but also could activate other nodes to maintain NSSI behavior. In light of these findings, precise targets for pharmacological treatment, psychotherapy, physical therapy, etc., are identified for adolescents with NSSI. Targeting this specific aspect in interventions may contribute to preventing and reducing NSSI behavior in adolescents.

Psychological Impact of Sexual Disorders Related to Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Objectives: Lower urinary tract disorders related to BPH are today among the most frequent symptoms in urology. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in patients with BPH-related lower urinary tract symptoms and the related psychological impact. Methods: We conducted a study to assess the psychological impact of BPH-related sexual dysfunction. We used two scores to assess anxiety-depressive symptoms. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which gives an indication of the severity of depression, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) 1 for screening patients for generalized anxiety disorder. The severity of erectile dysfunction was specified using the SHIM score (Sexual Health Inventory for Men). Results: A total of 290 participants. The mean age was 58 years, 175 (60%) patients had erectile dysfunction, 120 (60%) of these patients with ED were treated with alpha blockers (OR=2.38, RR = 1.43, p = 0.04). The most represented age group was 60-69 years, 50 (28%) patients were treated with alpha blockers (OR=1.67, RR = 1.15, p = 0.01) while only 10 (5.7%) patients were treated with herbal extracts (phytotherapy). 65% of participants with erectile dysfunction showed varying degrees of depression and 53% of participants with erectile dysfunction showed varying degrees of anxiety. Conclusion: Micturition disorders caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction are frequent and often coexist. BPH-related erectile dysfunction has a significant psychological impact.

Psychosocial factors associated with treatment preference in mental health.

Studies examining the effects of incorporating patients' preferences into treatment outcomes highlight their impact on crucial aspects such as reduced dropout rates and enhanced effectiveness. Recognizing individuals' rights to participate in decisions about their treatments underscores the importance of studying treatment preferences and the factors influencing these choices. This study aims to identify treatment preferences (psychological, pharmacological, or combined) among a sample of patients and to discern the psychosocial and clinical factors influencing these preferences. A total of 2,133 individuals receiving care at a community mental health unit completed assessments on anxious-depressive symptoms, social and occupational adjustment, and their treatment preference. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, with descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA applied. Preferences for treatments were distributed as follows: Combined (49.8%), psychological (33%), and pharmacological (10.6%). Factors such as diagnosis, severity of depressive and anxious symptoms, and functional impact were related to treatment preference with a moderate effect size. Meanwhile, various sociodemographic factors correlated with the selected treatment, though with a weak effect size. There is a pronounced preference for combined treatments. The significance of psychological treatments is evident, as four out of five participants favored them in their choices. Addressing these preferences calls for an exploration within the broader context of prescription freedom in mental health.

Physical Exercise Transforms the Topography and Increases the Invulnerability of the Symptom Network of Depression-Anxiety in the Elderly.

Depression and anxiety often co-occur and have worse impacts on the elderly when experienced simultaneously. Although physical exercise may alleviate depression and anxiety, how it affects the specific symptoms is not fully understood. A total of 8884 participants was selected from the 2018 CLHLS database. The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Participants were divided into the exercise and the nonexercise groups using propensity score matching to minimize the influence of confounding variables. Depression-anxiety symptom networks were constructed, and network indexes were computed for each group, based on various packages of R. By computing network connectivity, invulnerability simulation was used to investigate the role of physical exercise in network robustness. Both groups had D3 (sad mood), A4 (trouble relaxing) and A2 (uncontrollably worry) as central symptoms. In the exercise group, A1 (nervousness), A3 (too much worry) and D1 (bothered by little things) were the strongest bridge nodes. In the nonexercise group, A1 (nervousness), D1 (bothered by little things) and A4 (trouble relaxing) played this role. Participation in physical exercise decreased the centrality of D9 (cannot get doing) but increased the centrality of A3 (too much worry). Furthermore, the exercise group had higher network invulnerability than the nonexercise group under random attack conditions. Physical exercise affected core symptoms of depression-anxiety and the interactions of symptoms. Targeting central or bridge nodes may be an effective intervention for alleviating the comorbidity. Increased network invulnerability manifested the positive effects of physical exercise.

Sex differences in symptom network structure of depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy among people with diabetes: a network analysis.

The present study aims to explore the relations between symptoms of depression and anxiety and self-efficacy among people with diabetes. At the same time, we also examined the sex difference between network structures. This study recruited 413 participants with diabetes, and they completed Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Self-efficacy for Diabetes (SED). Symptom network analysis and network comparison test were used to construct and compare the depression-anxiety symptom network models of the female and male groups. Finally, we conducted flow diagrams to explore the symptoms directly or indirectly related to self-efficacy. The strongest edges in the depression-anxiety symptom networks are the edge between "GAD3" (Excessive worry) and "GAD4" (Trouble relaxing) and the edge between "PHQ1" (Anhedonia) and "PHQ4" (Energy) in the female and male groups, respectively. Most of the symptoms with the highest EI and bridge EI are related to worry and nervousness. Additionally, in the flow diagram of the female group, "PHQ6" (Guilt) has a high negative association with self-efficacy. Females with diabetes are more vulnerable to depression and anxiety. Interventions targeting key symptoms in the network may be helpful in relieving the psychological problems among people with diabetes.

The Effects of Home Automation on Personal and Social Autonomies in Spinal Cord Injury Patients: A Pilot Study.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe and progressive neurological condition caused by trauma to the nervous system, resulting in lifelong disability and severe comorbidities. This condition imposes serious limitations on everyday life, interfering with patients' social lives and compromising their quality of life, psychological well-being, and daily living activities. Rehabilitation is essential to helping SCI patients gain more independence in their daily routines. Home automation (HA) systems provide personalized support to users, allowing them to manage various aspects of their living environment, promoting independence and well-being. This study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of an HA system in enhancing personal and social autonomies in SCI patients, resulting in improved cognitive function and reduced anxiety-depressive symptoms compared to traditional training. Methods: We enrolled 50 SCI patients undergoing neurorehabilitation at IRCCS Centro Neurolesi (Messina, Italy). These patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). The CG received traditional training, while the EG underwent HA training. We evaluated the patients before (T0) and after (T1) rehabilitation using various scales, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A), the 12-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-12), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), and the EQ-5D-5L. Results: The effect of the experimental treatment showed an improvement in all patients test scores in the EG, especially regarding cognitive functions, mood disorders, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HA may be effective in improving daily autonomy and, in turn, alleviating mood disorders and enhancing psychological well-being.

A correlation between anxiety-depressive symptoms and immune-metabolic parameters in patients with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder

According to literature data, anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common mental diseases worldwide. Currently, a hypothesis of possible immune metabolic regulation of the central nervous system was put forward. The authors evaluated the indicators of humoral, cellular, and metabolic immunity in patients suffering from mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, who were under the supervision of a psychiatrist at the day hospital of the Voronezh Regional Clinical Psychoneurological Dispensary. Indicators of anxiety and depression were assessed by means of psychometric method, clinical interview, and clinical psychopathological examination, and the indicators of immune and metabolic status were examined. It was found that symptoms of anxiety and depression were accompanied by changes in immune and metabolic status. It is supposed that variations in clinical, immunological, and metabolic parameters are coordinated elements of a single pathogenetic mechanism for the formation of anxiet y-depressive spectrum disorders.

A follow-up study of anxiety and depressive symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder and is closely linked to stress. Psychiatric morbidities such as anxiety and depression are common in IBS. Long-term follow-up studies on anxiety and depressive symptoms in IBS and the impact of treatment are lacking in the Indian scenario. This study aimed to assess the various subtypes of IBS according to the Rome IV criteria, assess anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with IBS at baseline and also at various phases of follow-up over one year, and see the impact of the treatment of both IBS and associated anxiety and depressive symptoms if present, in the severity of IBS and other psychiatric symptoms. Patients with IBS, aged between 18 and 65 years, were enrolled for the study. Subtypes and severity of IBS were assessed. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), respectively. The patients were treated with conventional treatment of IBS with concomitant treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms and were followed up for 1 year. Thirty-seven patients completed a 1-year follow-up. The mean age was 38.4 ± 11.6 years. The majority were males (81%), and IBS-D (84%) was the most common subtype. Stressful life events (67.6%) and chronic stressors (64.9%) were present in the majority of the patients. The patients had moderate-to-severe anxiety at baseline (HAM-A score 27.8 ± 6.4) and moderate-to-severe depression at baseline (HAM-D score 19.7 ± 6.6). The improvement over 1 year was statistically significant (P = 0.000, two-tailed). A positive correlation between the severity score of IBS and HAM-D (r = 0.604) and HAM-A (r = 0.536) scores was present. There is a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with IBS. With adequate treatment of both IBS and concomitant anxiety-depressive symptoms, there is a significant decrease in the severity of IBS, anxiety, and depression.

Effects of traditional Chinese exercise therapy on pain scores, sleep quality, and anxiety-depression symptoms in fibromyalgia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the effectiveness of traditional Chinese exercise therapy in alleviating pain, improving sleep quality, and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among fibromyalgia patients.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search across various databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge, VIP database, and Wanfang, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the impact of Traditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) interventions on fibromyalgia. Two independent authors extracted data from the selected studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3.ResultsThe analysis encompassed 15 RCTs, comprising 936 participants. The meta-analysis revealed that TCE significantly surpassed the control group in reducing pain scores for fibromyalgia patients, as evidenced by improvements in FIQ [MD = -3.30, 95% CI (− 5.37, − 0.69), z = 2.53, p = 0.01] and VAS [MD = -1.87, 95% CI (− 2.12, − 1.61), z = 6.98, p < 0.00001]. Additionally, TCE demonstrated notable enhancements in sleep quality (PSQI) [MD = -2.23, 95% CI (− 2.86, − 1.61), z = 6.98, p < 0.0001], as well as in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression [MD = − 0.59, 95% CI (− 0.80, − 0.39), z = 5.63, p < 0.0001].ConclusionTraditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) exhibits significant efficacy in ameliorating pain, enhancing sleep quality, and alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression in fibromyalgia patients.

Accompaniment to the promotion of life projects of HIV-positive young people. A complex qualitative study

The diagnosis of infection with HIV constitutes a disruptive vital event in the lives of young people. The HIV-positive condition is frequently perceived as a death sentence, in addition to presenting multiple barriers during daily life, such as stigma, self-stigma, discrimination, isolation, and symptoms of anxiety-depression. Especially the configuration of personal identity and planning for the future, positively and realistically, constitute two severely affected processes, hence the importance of promoting the life projects of HIV-positive young people through comprehensive care. The study was carried out using a qualitative design in two stages, one with a phenomenological design and the other through the focus group and thematic analysis. The main results point to the importance of encouraging goals that promote therapeutic adherence, facilitate psychological well-being, help social integration, and favor the structuring of a solid support network. In addition, guidelines are offered for better preparation of proposals for the promotion of life projects in this population. The article ends with recommendations for future studies.

The Perceived Economic Scarcity Scale: A valid tool with greater predictive utility than income.

This article introduces the Perceived Economic Scarcity Scale (PESS), a novel instrument measuring the subjective evaluation and experience of economic scarcity (the feeling of having insufficient financial resources to meet one's needs). We conducted three high-powered preregistered studies (total N = 1900) to rigorously evaluate the PESS's psychometric properties. In Study 1, we generated a pool of items and used both Principal Component Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis to select the most appropriate items. In Study 2, we examined the PESS's construct validity, demonstrating that it measures a distinct construct from related constructs such as subjective social class. In Study 3, we examined the PESS's predictive validity, demonstrating that it is a robust predictor of both affective outcomes (e.g. anxiety-depressive symptoms) and cognitive outcomes (e.g. economic risk-taking). Critically, we found that the PESS not only has incremental validity over and above income but also has greater predictive utility than income. We also found that the PESS score varies depending on the distance-to-pay and has excellent test-retest reliability. Overall, the PESS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing perceived economic scarcity, and we encourage researchers to use it to better understand the psychological consequences of 'not having enough'.

Personal and family factors for emotional distress in adolescents with chronic disease.

Physical and psychological comorbidity is a challenge for public health, especially in the adolescent stage due to the difficulties of this age. The salutogenic perspective emphasizes general psychological resources such as self-esteem but also highlights the role of contextual factors such as family members in promoting health. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to analyze the joint influence of demographic factors (sex, age and type of chronic disease), personal factors (self-esteem and perception of threat of the disease) and family factors (affection and communication, psychological and behavioral control) of risk of emotional distress (anxiety-depressive symptoms) in chronically ill adolescents. The study is a cross-sectional design with 495 adolescents with chronic disease aged 12-16 years. In order to obtain the results, a linear methodology was used to compare means and perform regressions to predict belonging to the anxiety and depression typologies. Four typologies were constructed: typology I (high anxiety and depression scores); typology II (high anxiety and low depression scores); typology III (low anxiety and high depression scores) and typology IV (low anxiety and depression scores). The results were consistent with the salutugenic theory. Potential mediating or moderating roles of age, sex, self-esteem, perceived threat and psychological and behavioral control marked the differences between the typologies. This population could benefit from interventions focused on family flexibility.

Resilience in the Time of COVID-19: Familial Processes, Coping, and Mental Health in Latinx Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective This study investigated COVID-19 stressors and silver linings, familism values, familial resilience, and coping, and their relation to internalizing symptoms among Latinx youth. Method A community sample of 135 Latinx adolescents completed online surveys 6-months apart (M age = 16, 59.3% female; majority U.S-born). Results COVID-19 stress was associated with more depressive (β = .18, p = .027) and anxiety (β = .21, p = .010) symptoms. However, COVID-19 stress was related to higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms only for youth who engaged in low (β = .38, p < .001; β = .38, p = .001) and medium (β = .19, p = .004; β = .22, p = .011) levels of problem-focused engagement coping. Higher levels of family resilience were associated with lower cross-sectional depressive symptoms (β = −.28, p = .004). For longitudinal models, a significant relation between COVID-19 stress and problem-focused engagement predicted Time 2 depressive symptoms (β = −.20, p < .041). Conclusion Latinx youth who experienced high levels of COVID-19 stress who enacted problem-focused coping fared better across the pandemic. Familial resilience did not carry the same longitudinal benefit but did bolster mental health concurrently. Clinicians should endeavor to buttress familial resilience processes in addition to problem-engaged coping for Latinx youth in treatment.

Understanding the olfactory role in post-COVID cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is frequent after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to examine if long-term OD is common in post-COVID condition, and the relationship between olfaction, cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and disease duration in these patients. This study included 121 participants with post-COVID condition and 51 healthy controls (HC). A comprehensive neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric assessment was conducted, encompassing various domains, including general cognition, processing speed, verbal fluency, attention, verbal memory, visual memory, visuoconstructive ability, visuospatial ability, abstraction, executive functions, anxious-depressive symptoms, general health perception, fatigue level, sleep quality, and olfaction. Statistical analyses were carried out to understand the relationship of OD with cognition, and its role as moderator variable. In total, 25% of the post-covid patients had a reduced smell capacity, while only 9.3% of HC presented OD. Post-COVID patients had statistically significantly worse cognitive performance and clinical status than HC. Verbal fluency (AUC = 0.85, p < 0.001), and attention (AUC = 0.82, p < 0.001) were the variables that best discriminate between groups. OD seemed to be a moderator between fatigue and cognition, and between disease duration and attention (β = -0.04; p = 0.014). The study highlights marked cognitive and neuropsychiatric sequelae in individuals post-COVID relative to HC. Olfactory impairment exhibits correlations with both cognitive performance and general health. Olfaction emerges as a potential prognostic marker owing to its moderating influence on disease severity indicators.

IDEAÇÃO SUICIDA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM ESTUDANTES DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE NOS TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the existence of an association between suicidal ideation, social support, and anxious-depressive symptoms among Health Sciences students. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Data collection took place from November 2020 to July 2021 in Sergipe - Brazil, using the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Social Support Scale, and Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Scale. Simple and multiple linear regression coefficients and odds ratios were estimated. Results: Of the 190 interviewees, 57 (30%) had low satisfaction with social support, 66 (34.8%) reported symptoms of severe or very severe depression, 32 (16.8%) had a potential risk of suicide, which can be increased by 18% in people with depression. Conclusion: Stress, anxiety, and depression are risk factors for suicidal ideation in health students. Social support becomes an ally in emotional control, in the reduction of psychological suffering, and in the precipitation of mental disorders in students.