Depression Subscale Research Articles

COVID-19 and Mental Health: Psychological Impact of the Pandemic on Women during Pregnancy and Puerperium

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a great toll on world population in the last 2 years across different groups. Women in pregnancy and in the perinatal period are especially vulnerable to sources of stress, with repercussions on their own mental health and on the wellness of the newborn. Objectives We aimed at assessing the impact of COVID-19 related stress on women’s psychosocial status and evaluate the potential development of anxiety or depressive symptoms in our cohort. Methods From March 2020 to November 2020, our hospital was appointed as an HUB for treating pregnant women positive for Sars-CoV-2 infection. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and patients were delivered different self-report psychometric tests such as the GHQ-12, CD-RS, MSPSS, UCLA-8, ISI, IES-6 and DASS-21. We identified two main types of stressors in our population. Being diagnosed with a pregnancy complication, having an ectopic pregnancy or a spontaneous abortion were identified as pregnancy-related stressors. On the other hand, infections or deaths among partners or relatives were defined as covid-related stressors. Scale scores were compared considering main sociodemographic data and possible stressors, both pregnancy-related and covid-related, that may affect women’s mental health. Fisher exact test, Chi square Test and Student’s T test were used when appropriate. Results Among 98 women with complete data at baseline, 21,3% suffered from at least mild anxiety, 21% suffered from at least mild depression, and 41% experienced at least mild stress according to the DASS-21 scale. Moreover, 26,4% reported PTSD symptoms according to the IES-6 scale. Women who experienced a stressor were more likely to report psychiatric symptoms, even more so when exposed to a pregnancy-related stressor. Being Caucasian, a personal psychiatric history or a familial psychiatric history correlated with scoring positive to a higher number of scales. Regarding DASS-21, high total scores in this scale correlated with being Caucasian and having had previous deliveries. More specifically, being Caucasian, older age, previous deliveries and a positive psychiatric history correlated with a higher score in the depression subscale. A positive psychiatric history and a familial psychiatric history correlated with higher scores in the anxiety subscale, while being hospitalized at a late gestational age correlated with lower scores in this section. Scoring above the cut-off of the DASS stress subscale correlated with a positive psychiatric history, a positive familial psychiatric history, being Caucasian, and with an older age of the women in the sample. Conclusions Our results underline the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on women in pregnancy and in the perinatal period. Tailored interventions should be staged to provide adequate care to this particularly sensitive population, for the wellbeing of both the mother and the child. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Development and first validation of the Portuguese version of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF)

IntroductionThe Portuguese version of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS), a 45-item self-report measure of rigid, self-critical, and narcissistic perfectionism, presented good reliability, construct and concurrent validity both in a sample of university students (Lino, Pereira et al. 2018) and of adults from the general population (Oliveira, Pereira et al. 2021).ObjectivesTo develop and validate a Portuguese brief version of the BTPS, the Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF) in a sample of university students.MethodsThe procedure followed to select items for the short version was based on the 45-items BTPS confirmatory factorial analysis (Lino, Pereira et al. 2018). Following Feher et al. (2020) strategy, with Canadian university students, we retained between one and two from each of the 10 perfectionism facets in the BTPS, 16 items in total. The 16 items selected had loadings ranging from .63 to .88 (Lino, Pereira et al. 2018), thus meeting the suggested requirement of high loadings being above .60 in magnitude (Afifi et al. 2011).Participants were 633 Portuguese students (medicine, dentistry and health technologies; 82.1% girls; mean age=21.25±3.115); they answered an online survey including the BTPS and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS; Xavier et al. 2017).ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis showed that both the first (χ2/df=3.074; RMSEA=.0573, p<.001; CFI=.9591; TLI=.9478, GFI=.9465) and the second order (χ2/df=3.714; RMSEA=.0655, p<.001; CFI=.9482; TLI=.9317, GFI=.9318) models presented good fit indexes. The Cronbach’s alfas were: a=.865 for the total and .855, .829 and .750, respectively for F1 (rigid perfectionism), F2 (self-critical perfectionism) and F3 (narcissistic perfectionism). Pearson coefficient correlations with DASS total score were significant (p<.01), positive and moderate for the total 16-items- BTPS (r=.375), F1 (r=.285), F2 (r=.465) and low for F3 (r=.177). Correlation coefficients with Depression, Anxiety and Stress sub-scales presented the same pattern and magnitude.ConclusionsDue to its good validity and reliability, the Portuguese BTPS–SF is an efficient and useful alternative to the 55-item version. When it is not necessary to measure the ten facets, the BTPS-SF has the advantages of conciseness, brevity and ease of filling.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Abstract P6-05-29: Experience of Financial Toxicity and Distress Among Individuals Diagnosed with Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Findings from the Cancer Experience Registry

Abstract Background: Financial toxicity associated with cancer and its treatment can negatively impact treatment adherence and quality of life. Individuals with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) may be at increased risk for financial toxicity due to the aggressive nature of the disease and high rate of recurrence. The objective of this study was to characterize financial experiences of TNBC survivors, their descriptions of communication with providers concerning treatment costs, and correlations between financial toxicity and psychosocial distress. Methods: From July 2017 to August 2021, 94 individuals with TNBC took part in Cancer Support Community’s Cancer Experience Registry® (CER). Participants completed items related to financial distress, including COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST), an 11-item (0=Not at all, 4=Very much) measure of financial well-being (range 0-44; lower scores indicate worse financial well-being), dichotomous (yes or no) items assessing patient-provider communication, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 (PROMIS-29 v2.0). Bivariate relations were assessed using Pearson’s correlation. Results: Participants were 81% non-Hispanic White, 6% Black, and 6% Hispanic. Mean age was 52 years (SD=11.3); 14 (15%) reported household income <$40K. Median time since diagnosis was 2 years; 15% (n=14) reported metastatic breast cancer and 36% were currently receiving treatment. Concerning out-of-pocket cancer-related costs, 56% of our sample reported spending >$250 per month; 32% >$500; 13% >$1000. To reduce costs, 23% sometimes, often, or always postponed seeking psychological support, 19% delayed follow-up on recommendations, 6% postponed doctor’s appointments, and 5% skipped medication. The mean COST score was 23.0 (SD=12.3), indicating mild financial distress overall. Less than half of the sample (46%) indicated no financial toxicity (scores >25), 29% mild financial toxicity (scores 14-25), 22% moderate (score 1-13), and 3% severe (score of 0). The frequency of individual COST items showed 61% reported (somewhat, quite a bit, or very much) worry about future financial problems due to treatment costs; 14% were unable to meet monthly expenses; 49% reported concern about keeping their job or income; 47% reported frustration that they could not work or contribute as usual. COST scores were inversely correlated to PROMIS anxiety (r=-.45, p<.001), depression (r=-.44, p<.001), and sleep disturbance subscales (r=-.48, p<.001), such that lower financial well-being related to more symptomology. COST scores were positively associated with the social function subscale (r=.46, p<.001), so that better financial well-being related to higher social functioning. Regarding patient-provider communication, 70% reported their health care team did not discuss costs, 62% did not discuss impact of TNBC and treatment on work, and 59% did not discuss financial concerns. One-third (34%) wished they received more financial advice and assistance. Conclusion: In this sample of TNBC patients, average levels of financial toxicity were in the mild range. However, many reported moderate to severe toxicity (25%). Greater financial toxicity related to increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and worse social functioning. Despite this, results indicate there is little patient-provider discussion about financial burden, with more than half of our sample reporting their health care team did not discuss costs, impact on work, or financial distress. One-third of participants indicated desire for more financial advice and assistance highlighting an opportunity to better serve TNBC patients, who may be at an increased risk of financial toxicity. Citation Format: Kara Doughtie, Erica E. Fortune, Heather Badt, Caroline Lawrence, Madyson L. Popalis, Melissa F. Miller. Experience of Financial Toxicity and Distress Among Individuals Diagnosed with Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Findings from the Cancer Experience Registry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-29.

Testosterone deficiency is associated with clinically relevant depression symptoms

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between testosterone deficiency and depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the urology outpatient clinic from Ludus County Hospital. A set of validated questionnaires ((International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS)) were self-administrated. Inclusion criteria: age > 40 years. Exclusion criteria: any relevant psychiatric, cardiovascular, or cancer comorbidity. Statistical analyzes were performed using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 23, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: From the total of 55 participants included in the study, 23 (41.8%) had testosterone deficiency. Most were from the 60-69 years decade, 23 participants (41.8%), and the mean age was 59.3 (SD 9.03) years. Eleven (20%) patients had depressive symptoms according to the depression subscale, of these, 7 had mild symptoms and 4 according to Zung SDS. Testosterone deficiency was associated with an increased DASS-21 global score, p=0.021, and depression score, p=0.047. Conclusions: Patients with testosterone deficiency are presenting symptoms of depression. Therefore, these patients need a multi-disciplinary approach that should include a psychological evaluation before making a further management decision.

Beyond burnout: a four-year survey of osteopathic medical student mental health and the implications for the development of wellness and mental health programs.

The mental health crisis in medicine cannot be explained by burnout alone. Physicians are not immune to this crisis and are known to have higher rates of suicide and depression than the general population. A high prevalence of mental health symptoms has been observed in early medical training. This study was completed to characterize medical students' mental well-being and provide guidance for timely intervention. An annual prospective, voluntary, anonymous, cross-sectional survey of medical students was completed over a 4-year period in medical school from 2016 to 2019. Thesurvey was created based on standardized psychiatric screening tools assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, burnout, and sleep problems. In each of those years, 1,257 (2016), 1,254 (2017), 1,221 (2018), and 1,220 (2019) enrolled students, respectively, were invited to participate. Data on students' mental health were analyzed in relation to their year of school separately for each survey year utilizing SAS9.4. A total of 973 students in 2016, 889 students in 2017, 547 students in 2018, and 606 students in 2019 participated in the study. For depression and burnout subscales, an increase in symptom scores were observed every survey year (2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019) by the second or third year of medical school with a clinically significant effect size. Persistently high levels of anxiety were observed throughout medical school, with significant increases after the first year noted in the 2016 and 2017 surveys, but not in the 2018 or 2019 surveys. Similarly, significant changes in sleep disturbance were found in the 2016 and 2017 surveys, but not in 2018 or 2019. Symptoms of burnout, depression, and anxiety were observed throughout all four years of medical school, with increases starting after the first year. Early intervention is needed to support students' mental health and increase access to care and resources.

Physical health and comorbid anxiety and depression across the first year postpartum in Ireland (MAMMI study): A longitudinal population-based study

IntroductionLittle is known of the associations between physical health issues and mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) occurring in the perinatal period. MethodsA longitudinal cohort study with 3009 first-time mothers giving birth in Ireland collected physical and mental health data in pregnancy and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postpartum. Mental health was measured using the depression and anxiety subscales of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Experience of eight common physical health issues (e.g. severe headaches/migraines, back pain) were assessed in pregnancy, with an additional six assessed at each postpartum data collection point. Results2.4 % of women reported depression alone in pregnancy and 4 % reported depression across the first postpartum year. Anxiety alone was reported by 3.0 % of women in pregnancy, and 2 % in the first year postpartum. Prevalence of comorbid anxiety/depression (CAD) was 1.5 % in pregnancy and almost 2 % postpartum. A higher proportion of women reporting, compared to women not reporting, postpartum CAD were younger, not partnered, not in paid employment in pregnancy, have fewer years of education, and had a caesarean birth.Extreme tiredness/exhaustion and back pain were the most common physical health issues in pregnancy and postpartum. Constipation, haemorrhoids, bowel issues, breast issues, infection and pain in the perineum or caesarean wound, pelvic pain and urinary tract infections were highest at three months postpartum and gradually decreased thereafter.Women reporting depression alone or anxiety alone were equivalent in terms of physical health issues. However, women without mental health symptoms reported significantly fewer physical health issues than women reporting depressive or anxiety symptoms alone or CAD at every time point. Women with CAD reported a significantly higher number of health issues than women reporting depression alone or anxiety alone at 9 and 12 months postpartum. ConclusionReports of mental health symptoms are associated with higher physical health burden demonstrating a need for integrated approaches in mental and physical health care pathways in perinatal services.

Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health of Dhaka University Students

Student mental health in the university setting has been an expanding concern. The COVID-19 pandemic could be detrimental to the psychological wellness of university students. The aim of this investigation was to see the mental health outcomes of Dhaka University students during the COVID-19 outbreak. A crosssectional survey using a convenient sampling technique was conducted among 193 students of the University of Dhaka within a time duration of 1 month. Data was gathered by utilizing the web survey including DASS-21BV, demographic questions, and health-related queries with respect to COVID-19. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was 64.2 % and 66.9%, respectively, and 51.8% of students reported mild to extremely severe levels of stress. Age group was significantly associated with DASS-21 depression subscale scores (χ2 (2)> =14.179, p= .007). Hall status was also significantly associated with DASS-21 anxiety subscale scores (χ2 (2)> =10.001, p= .040). Sleep-related queries with respect to COVID-19 were significantly associated with DASS-21 anxiety subscale scores (χ2 (2)> =24.135, p= .002). COVID-19-related queries on attention, enthusiasm, mental state, and self-confidencewere also significantly associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress levels (p<.001). The COVID-19 outbreak seems to have had a considerable psychological impact on Dhaka University students and would be benefited greatly through adequate support from the relevant authorities to cope with the situation mentally. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 45-55, 2023 (January)

Factors associated with improvements in symptoms of anxiety and depression among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Vancouver, Canada: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundDepression and anxiety are commonly experienced among gay, bisexual and other men-who-have-sex-with-men (gbMSM). We explored factors associated with improvements in mental health symptoms among gbMSM with abnormal depression and anxiety scores over a period of four years, in Vancouver, Canada. MethodsSexually active gbMSM ≥16 years of age were recruited using respondent-driven sampling from February 2012 to February 2015. Participants completed a computer-assisted questionnaire which included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and psychometric scales to measure loneliness, self-esteem and social connectedness, every 6 months until July 2019. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess factors associated with normal/borderline HADS scores (<11) following a previous abnormal score (≥11) for each of anxiety and depression subscales. ResultsWe recruited 694 participants, of whom 580 had at least one follow-up visit. Across all visits, 43.6 % of participants ever had abnormal anxiety scores and 16.2 % ever had abnormal depression scores. Among those with abnormal anxiety scores, 34.9 % of follow-up visits demonstrated reductions in anxiety scores. Among those with abnormal depression scores 51.0 % of follow-up visits demonstrated reductions in depression scores. Reductions in anxiety scores were associated with increased self-esteem, decreased loneliness and the number of gbMSM seen/spoken to in the previous month. Reductions in depression scores were associated with increased self-esteem, decreased loneliness and having a regular partner. ConclusionImprovements in mental health symptoms were frequently observed. Social connectedness was related with improved anxiety and depression symptoms. Interventions to improve social connectedness may help to improve mental health for gbMSM.

Shared and unique functional connectivity correlates of geriatric depression subscales

Shared and unique functional connectivity correlates of geriatric depression subscales

Spectral Changes of EEG Following a 6-Week Low-Dose Oral Ketamine Treatment in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder and Chronic Suicidality.

Ketamine has considerable therapeutic potential in alleviating major depressive disorder and chronic suicidality. However, the clinical diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders requires more robust diagnostic criteria. Electroencephalography (EEG) has shown promise in classifying depressive and suicidal patients from healthy individuals. The present study aimed to identify changes in the spectral properties of EEG in patients with major depressive disorder and chronic suicidality after completing the 6-week Oral Ketamine Trial on Suicidality with follow-up occurring 4 weeks after final ketamine treatment and determine associations between EEG spectral output and clinical symptoms. Participants (n = 25) had 4-minute eyes closed resting state EEG recorded at frontal, temporal, centro-parietal, and occipital regions. Spectral analysis was performed with Welch's power spectrum density method, and the power of 4 distinct frequency bands was analyzed: theta, alpha, low-beta, and high-beta. Correlation analyses between changes in clinical symptoms and spectral power were conducted using Spearman's ranked correlation. Between pre- and posttreatment, only centro-parietal alpha power decreased. Between posttreatment and follow-up, centro-parietal alpha increased again in addition to increases in temporal alpha, centro-parietal and temporal theta, and occipital low-beta and decreases in occipital theta and temporal low-beta. Additionally, the decrease of occipital theta positively correlated with clinical subscales for depression and stress. EEG spectral analysis revealed significant changes in theta, alpha, and low-beta frequency bands. Alpha band showed initial changes after treatment; however, this trended back toward baseline levels after the treatment cessation. In contrast, theta and low-beta showed significant power changes only after the treatment had ended.

Related Factors with Depression and Anxiety in Mastectomized Women Breast Cancer Survivors

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosis with the highest mortality rate worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify factors related to depression and anxiety in mastectomized women BC survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 198 women diagnosed with BC aged 30-80 years in Mexico. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The results showed that 94.44% and 69.18% of the women scored more than eight points on HADS in the anxiety and depression subscales, respectively; 70.20% and 10.60% were identified as pathological. The following variables were analyzed: age, time elapsed since the start of treatment, received treatment at the time of the evaluation, type of surgery, family history, marital status and employment status. Time elapsed since surgery, having a partner, and employment showed significant results as factors associated to levels of depression and anxiety in these patients. In conclusion, it has been shown that BCSs under 50 years of age receiving some kind of treatment, without family history, without a partner, with a job, with more than secondary education and with more than 5 years since diagnosis could have higher rates of clinical depression. On the other hand, BCSs older than 50 years receiving some kind of treatment, without family history, without a partner, with a job, with more than secondary education and with more than 5 years since diagnosis, could have higher rates of clinical anxiety. In conclusion, the variables studied provide valuable information for the implementation of psychotherapy plans in healthcare systems to reduce the risk of depression and/or anxiety in women with BC who have undergone mastectomy.

CancerSupportSourceTM -Caregiver: Development of a distress screening measure for cancer caregivers.

Given the substantial demands of cancer caregiving, practical and psychometrically sound tools to evaluate distress among cancer caregivers are needed. CancerSupportSourceTM -Caregiver is a distress screening, referral, and support program designed to identify the unmet needs of cancer caregivers and link caregivers to desired resources and support. This study refined and finalized the CancerSupportSource-Caregiver screening measure and examined its psychometric properties. Using an analytic sample of 400 caregivers to people with cancer, we first performed item reduction by assessing exploratory factor analysis, external/internal item quality, and judging theoretical and practical implications of items. Confirmatory factor analysis along with reliability and validity analyses were then conducted to corroborate dimensionality and psychometric properties of the final measure. Nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curve analyses determined scoring thresholds for depression and anxiety risk subscales. Scale refinement resulted in an 18-item measure plus one screening item assessing tobacco and substance use. Items represented five domains of caregiver concerns: emotional well-being, patient well-being, caregiving tasks, finances, and healthy lifestyle. Our analyses showed strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability, a replicable factor structure, and adequate convergent, discriminant, and known groups validity. Sensitivity of 2-item depression and 2-item anxiety risk subscales were 0.95 and 0.87, respectively. CancerSupportSource-Caregiver is a reliable and valid multidimensional measure of caregiver distress that also screens for risk for clinically significant depression and anxiety. It can be implemented within a distress screening, referral, and follow-up program to rapidly assess caregivers' unmet needs and enhance caregiver well-being across the care continuum.

Habitual Videogame Playing Does Not Compromise Subjective Sleep Quality and Is Associated with Improved Daytime Functioning.

Research on the effects of videogames (VGs) on health has produced mixed results. Here, we assess the relationships of VG playing with sleep; chronotype; sleepiness; and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress; and how they are modulated by the level of exposure to VGs. Four hundred-and two adult participants (age = 26.2 ± 7.84; 227 F) completed an online survey including questions on VG use and a set of standardized questionnaires. The sample was divided into three groups: habitual gamers (HGs, 42.2%), nonhabitual gamers (NHGs, 36.5%), and non-gamers (NGs, 21.3%). No between-group differences emerged in sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) or Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index measures except the sleep disturbances subscore, which was higher in NHGs. HGs showed delayed bed- and risetimes and higher eveningness (reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire). HGs and NHGs showed higher depression subscores (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) but remained in the subclinical range. Moreover, hours/week of VG playing predicted delayed sleep timing, lower daytime dysfunction, and lower sleepiness. Our data suggest that VG playing does not necessarily compromise sleep quality and may even benefit daytime functioning, underlining the need to reconsider the relationships between VG use and health by taking into account possible modulating factors such as habitual VG exposure.

Symptoms of internet gaming disorder and depression in Chinese adolescents: A network analysis

The current study aimed to investigate comorbidity among symptoms of depression and internet gaming disorder (IGD) utilizing symptom network analysis in a sample of Chinese adolescents. A total of 1,362 Chinese adolescents (Mean age = 15.19 ± 1.67; range 13–21; 39.79% female, 56.02% male, 4.19% not disclosed) were recruited from 11 local secondary schools between June and July 2020. Symptoms of depression and IGD were assessed by the 7-item DASS-21 depression subscale and the 9-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale. We conducted network analysis to estimate network models and the most central symptoms of depression and IGD and computed a combined network model of both depression and IGD symptoms to find bridge symptoms and illustrate the comorbidity between depression and IGD. We found that feeling ‘Worthless’, ‘Meaningless’, and ‘Down-hearted’ were identified as the most central symptoms of depression, whereas ‘Preoccupation’ and ‘Tolerance’ were the two most central symptoms of IGD. The bridge symptoms in the combined network model were ‘Gaming for escape or mood relief’ from the IGD cluster and ‘No initiative’ and ‘Down-hearted” from the depression cluster. The current study was the first to investigate the relationship between depression and IGD symptoms among adolescents utilizing a symptom network perspective. Also, it highlighted key bridge symptoms in understanding how IGD and depression contribute to each other.

Effects of Popping For Parkinson’s dance class on the mood of people with Parkinson’s disease

Background/Aims Depression, low mood and apathy can affect people with Parkinson’s disease, impacting on their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one Popping For Parkinson’s dance session on the mood of people with Parkinson’s disease. Methods A total of 33 people with Parkinson’s disease, with a mean age of 67.5 years (standard deviation 10.3 years), mean Parkinson’s level of 1.8 (standard deviation 1.6), took part in one Popping For Parkinson's dance class at four different locations: London (UK), Hatfield (UK), New York City (USA) and Turin (Italy). Participants’ mood was measured with the Profile of Mood States questionnaire at four time points: immediately before the dance class, immediately after the dance class, 24 hours after the dance class and 1 week after the dance class. Results Participants’ total mood score and the subscale score of vigour increased, while the subscales of tension, depression, and confusion decreased on the Profile of Mood States, significantly immediately after the dance intervention. However, at 24 hours and 1 week after the dance class, mood scores did not differ significantly compared with baseline measurements. The improvements in mood immediately after the dance class did not differ depending on sex, age, previous dance experience, the location of the dance class, stage of Parkinson’s disease, presence of tremor and deep brain stimulation treatment. Conclusions Participating in a Popping For Parkinson’s dance class boosts mood in the short term, and this improvement lasts less than 24 hours. This finding has implications for the provision of dance classes, suggesting that regular attendance may be necessary for sustained improvements. Further studies are needed to determine whether attending a series of Popping for Parkinson’s classes may have longer-term effects.

Impact of mood disorders and personality disorders on suicide intent among self-harm patients.

The present research examined the impact of mood disorder and personality disorders on suicide intent among self-harm patients using cross sectional research design. A clinical sample of 220 self-harm inpatients with age of 18 to 35 years was collected through purposive sampling technique from different mental health departments of Rawalpindi, Jhelum and Multan hospitals. Study was conducted from June 2019 till November, 2021. Data was compiled in three steps. In step-I, rapport was established with patients and identification of intent was carried out by administering Beck Suicide Intent Scale. In step-II, mental illness was identified by administering Mood Disorder Questionnaire, Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire and subscale of Depression from Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. In step-III, in order to confirm his / her responses and diagnosis, a detailed semi-structured clinical interview was carried out with each participant who responded positively to Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire. Results revealed that bipolar spectrum disorder, depression and antisocial personality disorder were significantly positive predictors of suicide intent among self-harm patients. On the other hand, narcissistic personality disorder and borderline personality disorder were found to be significantly negative predictors of suicide intent among self-harm patients. Results of current research highlighted those predisposing factors that discriminate self-harm from attempted suicide. The study has important implications for identification of intent of self-harm patients, which could help in devising a proper treatment plan for the management of such challenging patients.

Depresión, ansiedad y estrés según pertenencia a una religión durante la pandemia en Maipú, Chile, durante el 2022

Introduction: A significant increase in the levels of depression, anxiety and stress has been found with the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: Compare the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress due to belonging to the Adventist religion during the pandemic in residents of the Maipú commune in 2022. Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical, and correlational study, applied to a sample of 176 inhabitants of the Maipú commune in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to measure levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in the population. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare indicators of depression, anxiety, and stress in both groups. Multivariate analyses were made through logistic regression, taking as dependent variables: stress, anxiety, and depression in a dichotomous manner. A value of p˂0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The Adventist population obtained better indicators, with significantly lower scores on the depression (p=0.002) and anxiety (p&lt;0.001) subscales, but not stress (p=0.086 ). The multivariate analyses always showed a relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression (p≤0.001). A statistically significant association was found between Adventism and anxiety (adjusted OR: 3.59; 95% CI: 1.19-10.82), but not between Adventism with depression or Adventism with stress. Conclusion: A statistically significant association was found between belonging to Adventism and anxiety, where non-Adventists presented greater anxiety than Adventists; however, no association was found when assessing membership in Adventism with depression and stress.

Patient-Family Caregiver Concordance of Symptom Assessment for Esophageal Cancer Patients Undergoing Esophagectomy.

Esophageal cancer patients suffer from multiple and severe symptoms during the postoperative recovery period. Family caregivers play a vital role in assisting patients to cope with their symptoms. To examine the concordance of esophageal cancer patients and their caregivers on assessing patients' symptoms after surgery and identify predictors associated with the symptom concordance. In this cross-sectional study, 213 patient-caregiver dyads completed general information questionnaires, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mutuality Scale, and the Zarit Burden Interview (for caregivers). Data were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients, paired t tests, and binary logistic regression. At the dyad level, agreement of patients' and caregivers' reported symptoms ranged from poor to fair. At the group level, patients reported significantly higher scores than caregivers in most symptoms. Of the 213 dyads, 119 (55.9%) were identified as concordant on symptom assessment. Patients' nasogastric tube, perceived mutuality, caregivers' educational background, and dyad's communication frequency with each other could predict their concordance of symptom assessment. There were relatively low agreements between esophageal cancer patients and caregivers on assessing patients' symptoms, and caregivers tended to underestimate patients' symptoms. The dyad's symptom concordance was influenced by patient-, caregiver-, and dyad-related factors. Having an awareness of the incongruence on assessing symptoms between esophageal cancer patients and caregivers may help healthcare professionals to comprehensively interpret patients' symptoms and develop targeted dyadic interventions to improve their concordance, contributing to optimal symptom management and health outcomes.

Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Short Version Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-9) for Caregivers of Persons With Cognitive Impairment.

There is a lack of appreciation of the full dimensionality of the original 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) in the development of short versions. Existing short versions are premised upon a 1-factor or 2-factor structure or statistical techniques for item selection. Thus, there is a need for ZBI short versions that considers the multidimensional constructs of role strain, personal strain, and worry about performance (WaP) during item selection to provide a more holistic and comprehensive evaluation. To develop and validate a short version of ZBI through a combined quantitative and qualitative approach that incorporates the validated 4-factor structure of role strain demands; role strain-control; personal strain, and WaP. We studied 202 caregivers of patients with dementia (84.2%) or mild cognitive impairment (15.8%) attending a memory clinic in Singapore. Confirmatory factor analysis and qualitative considerations from expert consensus were used for item selection. Confirmatory factor analysis fit statistics support the 4-factor structure. The 9-item ZBI-9 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.87) and convergent validity with anxiety and depression (Pearson correlation: Hospital Anxiety and Depression sub-scales, r≥0.56, P <0.001; ZBI- 22, r=0.95, P <0.001). Using a cut-off score of ≥13, ZBI-9 displayed good discriminatory ability for depressive symptoms (area under curve=0.79, P <0.001; sensitivity=70%, specificity=75%). The ZBI-9 also displayed comparable performance to the 22-item full version and three 12-item short versions. The ZBI-9 is a multidimensional short-version assessment tool for caregivers of persons with dementia and mild cognitive impairment that is reliable, valid, and discriminates depressive symptoms.

Supplemental Material for Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis

Supplemental Material for Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis