Terms Of Depression Research Articles

Biopsychosocial Factors That Influence Depression, Anxiety, and Neuropsychological Functions in the Aging Process.

Aging is a process inherent to the human condition that is characterized by various biological, psychological, and social changes that can lead to certain mental health problems. This study aimed to understand and characterize how biological, psychological, and social factors influence mental health symptoms and neuropsychological function in the aging process. A sample consisting of 616 participants (73.8% female) aged between 50 and 90 years, (mean [SD]: 69.6 [17.2] years). Data collection involved a neuropsychological assessment carried out by a psychologist in a clinical interview session and the self-completion of a questionnaire. Regression models revealed that depressive symptoms are explained by anxiety, psychological and environmental quality of life, and sleep habits. Anxiety symptoms are explained by depression, physical quality of life, and sleep habits. Statistically significant differences were identified between participants with and without anxiety in neuropsychological terms at the level of agnosia and praxis. Statistically significant differences were identified between participants with and without depression in neuropsychological terms at the level of memory, language, agnosia and praxis, and executive function (eg, prefrontal tests). Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated and could negatively influence the aging process. Aging should be understood in an ecological way taking into account the action of biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors, as well as the relationship and influence between the different levels and factors. This knowledge is important for diagnosis, for clinical practice, and for the development and definition of public policies to promote healthy aging.

Combined Association of Depression Interms of Gender Along with Academic Classes of Students

Every person have life experiences with variety of shifts ,turning points and stress during advancement phase of their life. College students are especially susceptible to stress since they are going through both personal and social changes. Among college students depression is becoming more and more prominent globally. The objective of this study was to show depression association interms of gender college students over the academic years (1st year and second year)students. In First year class out of 58 males (Non depression 12 and with depression 46) and out of 42 female (Non depression 22 and with depression 20) and in second year out of 42 males ( Non depression 19 and with depression 23 and out of 58 females (Non depression 41 and with depression17), Our result showed that depression is significantly associated with gender of students along their different academic classes (1st year and 2nd year ) chi square 29.72 (p<0.05).

Economic costs of perinatal depression and anxiety in a lower middle income country: Pakistan

BackgroundWomen's mental health during the perinatal period is a major public health problem in Pakistan. Many challenges and competing priorities prevent progress to address the large treatment gap.AimTo quantify the long-term impacts of untreated perinatal depression and anxiety in economic terms, thus highlighting its overall burden based on country-specific evidence. MethodsCost estimates were generated for a hypothetical cohort of women giving birth in 2017, and their children. Women and children experiencing adverse events linked to perinatal mental health problems were modelled over 40 years. Costs assigned to adverse events included were those linked to losses in quantity and quality-of-life, productivity, and healthcare-related expenditure. Present values were derived using a discount rate of 3 %. Data were taken from published cohort studies, as well as from sources of population, economic and health indicators. ResultsThe total costs were $16.5 billion for the cohort and $2680 per woman giving birth. The by far largest proportion referred to quality-of-life losses ($15.8 billion). Productivity losses and out-of-pocket expenditure made up only a small proportion of the costs, due to low wages and market prices. When the costs of maternal suicide were included, total costs increased to $16.6 billion. LimitationsImportant evidence gaps prevented the inclusion of all cost consequences linked to perinatal mental health problems. ConclusionsTotal national costs are much higher compared with those in other, higher middle-income countries, reflecting the excessive disease burden. This study is an important first step to inform resource allocations.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Shumian Capsules in treatment of insomnia

This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of Shumian Capsules in the treatment of insomnia. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) about Shumian Capsules for insomnia were retrieved from databases. RevMan 5.4 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 23 articles were included, involving 2 621 patients. Meta-analysis showed that Shumian Capsules had advantages in the treatment of insomnia(RR=1.07, 95%CI[1.03, 1.10], P=0.000 2) and insomnia with depression(RR=1.13, 95%CI[1.02, 1.25], P=0.02) in terms of total response rate. Shumian Capsules had advantages in the treatment of insomnia(MD=-0.75, 95%CI[-1.33,-0.17], P=0.01) and insomnia with depression(MD=-2.51, 95%CI[-2.96,-2.06], P<0.000 01) in terms of PSQI score. The incidence of adverse events in the Shumian Capsules(RR=0.33, 95%CI[0.24, 0.46], P<0.000 01) and Shumian Capsules + conventional western medicine(RR=0.71, 95%CI[0.54, 0.95], P=0.02) was lower than that in the conventional wes-tern medicine alone. In addition, Shumian Capsules had an advantage in treating insomnia complicated with depression in terms of HAMD score(P<0.000 1) and reducing the serum levels of 5-HT, TSH, T3, and T4 in insomnia patients(P<0.05). The quality of evidence was mostly medium or low. The studies demonstrate that Shumian Capsules is effective and safe for treating insomnia, which may be related to the mechanism of lowering the levels of 5-HT, TSH, T3, and T4 in the serum. In view of the quality of evidence, the application of Shumian Capsules should be considered after comprehensive evaluation in clinical practice.

Differences in smoking behavior and beliefs about abstinence among Latinx individuals with and without depression who smoke cigarettes

There is a well-established relation between depression and smoking in the general population. However, past work focused on Latinx persons who smoke in relation to depressed affect has yielded inconsistent findings. The present investigation aimed to build on past research and evaluate differences among English-speaking Latinx adults who smoke combustible cigarettes with and without probable depression in terms of cigarette dependence, perceived barriers for quitting, severity of problems when quitting, and smoking abstinence expectancies. The current sample included 338 adult Latinx daily cigarette smokers (Mage = 35.53 years; SD = 8.65; age range 18–61; 37.3% female) that were recruited nationally throughout the US. Results indicated that among Latinx persons who smoke, those with probable depression (compared to those without) demonstrated higher levels of cigarette dependence, more severe problems when trying to quit, greater perceived barriers for quitting, and increased negative abstinence expectancies after adjusting for sociodemographic and concurrent substance use variables. Future work could build from this research to elucidate the role of depression in the maintenance and relapse of smoking among the Latinx population.

Managing depression with complementary and alternative medicine therapies: a scientometric analysis and visualization of research activities.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) interventions may prove to be an attractive option for the treatment of depression. The aim of this scientometric analysis is to determine the global scientific output of research regarding managing depression with CAM and identify the hotspots and frontiers within this theme. Publications regarding the utilization of CAM for treating depression were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection from 1993 to 2022, and analyzed and visualized by Bibliometrix R-package, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. A total of 1,710 publications were acquired. The number of annual publications showed an overall rapid upward trend, with the figure peaking at 179 in 2021. The USA was the leading research center. Totally 2,323 distinct institutions involving 7,638 scholars contributed to the research theme. However, most of the cooperation was limited to within the same country, institution or research team. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine was the most productive periodical. The CAM therapies of most interest to researchers were acupuncture and body-mind techniques, such as yoga, meditation and mindfulness. Systematic review and meta-analysis are commonly used methods. "Inflammation," "rating scale" and "psychological stress" were identified as the most studied trend topics recently. Managing depression with evidence-based CAM treatment is gaining attention globally. Body-mind techniques and acupuncture are growing research hotspots or emerging trending topics. Future studies are predicted to potentially investigate the possible mechanisms of action underlying CAM treatments in reducing depression in terms of modulation of psychological stress and inflammation levels. Cross-countries/institutes/team research collaborations should be encouraged and further enhanced.

The study of professional burnout in knowledge workers, taking into account gender and age characteristics

Introduction. Maladaptive mental states pose a threat both to the personal health of the employee and to the stability of the organization. Mental health workers often have states of depression, mental and chronic fatigue, occupational stress and emotional burnout. At the same time, burnout is one of the most dangerous conditions, especially at the beginning of its development — the employee, as a rule, is not aware of its symptoms. It is important to identify such manifestations in time and properly organize the employee support system. It is necessary to determine the factors contributing to the development of emotional burnout syndrome in various age and gender professional groups, taking into account individual psychological characteristics.
 The study aims to research burnout and its predictors in knowledge workers, taking into account their gender and age characteristics and the class of working conditions according to the intensity of the labor process.
 Materials and methods. The authors conducted an online study of maladaptive mental states and working conditions of knowledge workers in terms of the intensity of the labor process, including a set of hygienic and psychological methods.
 The study involved 468 employees aged 20-59 years: 133 men (42.1±9.7 years) and 335 women (39.3±8.7 years). The researchers conducted a hygienic assessment of labor stress factors according to the Manual R 2.2.2006-05. The authors used: "degree of chronic fatigue", questionnaire for evaluation of acute mental fatigue, labor stress questionnaire; Maslach burnout questionnaire with subsequent calculation of integral index of burnout according to Bekhterev Scientific Research Institute formula; Beck depression scale. The experts compared the studied indicators depending on gender, age group, class of working conditions according to the intensity of the labor process and calculated a linear regression model for the indicator "integral index of emotional burnout".
 Results. There are 13 professional groups of knowledge workers with different classes of working conditions depending on the intensity of the labor process, for which there are leading labor stressors. The authors revealed statistically significant differences in the studied indicators depending on gender, age group and class of working conditions in terms of the intensity of the labor process, they also identified significant predictors for the indicator "integral index of emotional burnout": age (β=–0.160, p=0.013), acute mental fatigue (β=0.432, p=0.000), depression (β=0.403, p=0.000), second (β=0.343, p=0.020) and third (β=0.432, p=0.000) in terms of stressors (adjusted R2=0.698).
 Conclusion. Ensuring the longevity of knowledge workers should be based on the preservation of their psycho-emotional health, which requires a special approach to the prevention of maladaptive mental states. When developing preventive measures, it is necessary to take into account, first of all, the age characteristics of the employee and the class of working conditions according to the intensity of the labor process, estimated according to the Manual P 2.2.2006-05, as well as the gender of the employee, the level of depression and mental fatigue, leading labor stressors. In order to prevent burnout, it is necessary to focus more on situational and organizational factors than on individual ones.
 Ethics. The authors have conducted the study in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Protocol No. 4 of 04/14/2021.

Hybridological analysis of inheritance of length and width of leaves in hybrid combinations Burley tobacco

The way of inheritance, the coefficient of heritability, the manifestations of heterosis, transgression and depression in terms of the length and width of the leaves in hybrid combinations Burley tobaco are established. For that purpose are studied, the Р1 , Р2 , F1 and F2 populations of eight crosses Burley tobacco. The obtained results suggest that inheritance of the length or leaves is overrdominantly, incompletely dominantly or additive, and of the width of leaves is incompletely dominantly and overrdominantly,, as in both indicators it is always in the direction of the parent with higher values. Manifestations of heterosis and transgression are of economic importance only in terms of leaf width. The minimal number of genes that control the expression of the studied indices is small and uniform and the length and width of the leaves. The phenotypic expression of leaf size is strongly influenced by negative epistatic interactions, especially pronounced at their width. The established medium to higher values of the coefficient of heritability of the length of the leaves are an indication of a relatively equal share of influence of genotype and environmental conditions on the phenotypic manifestation of leaf length, which suggests that the selection on this indicator to be effective in earlier hybrid generations. The selection of width of the leaves will be effective in later hybrid generations due to lower values coefficient of the heritability, for this indicator. This shows that the coefficient of heritability and the related coefficient of efficiency of the selection is different in both indicators, making it difficult selection work.

EXPLANATION OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ANTI-DEPRESSION THERAPY USING WEBINARS AS LEARNING COMMUNICATION MEDIA

The Covid-19 Pandemic outbreak has changed various forms of life in society, including restrictions on activities in an open-source environment. The pandemic has also created various kinds of unresolved mental health problems, both in the national dan global area, both those who are directly exposed to the virus and those who are not. Today, the community is still struggling to control the spread of Covid-19, but on the other hand, it has caused the spread of feelings of anxiety, fear and mental pressure due to isolation, physical distancing restrictions, social relations, and other uncertainties. Therefore, these webinar activities were held as one of the online learning communication media, in terms of providing mattery regarding the molecular mechanism of antidepressant therapy, which during the post-Covid-19 pandemic its use increased due to social reasons. This webinar media was very effective without having to gather a crowd and aims to increase knowledge, especially among participants in terms of handling mental health such as depression in terms of its pharmacology therapy. Then, knowing the mechanism of molecular action can improve the optimization of antidepressant therapy according to the patient’s condition. The target participants in this webinar are health workers, students of health study programs, and common people. The webinar activity was conducted by the online system, using the Zoom meeting platform, and was held on April 15th, 2023, then was attended by 241 people, who came from all over Indonesia. From the implementation of the webinar activities, it is known that there has been an increase in understanding of the molecular matter that has been given, this can be seen from the percentage of the correct answers in the post-test evaluation compared to the answers in the pre-test.

Association of Physical Activity with the Prevention and Treatment of Depression During the Postpartum Period: A Narrative Review.

The benefits of physical activity during pregnancy or postpartum are auspicious, especially in preventing and treating postpartum depression. This review aimed to examine the relationship between exercise and postpartum depression in terms of prevention and treatment. The goals were to determine if exercise alone is sufficient for this purpose and to attract attention to the kind, intensity, and duration needed to achieve this purpose. A literature review was conducted in PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, and Cochrane libraries. The search terms were "physical activity," "postpartum depression," "postnatal depression," and "exercise." Physical activity can be a preventative measure and a treatment aid for pregnant or postpartum women with depressive disorders. However, the exercise protocol should include a support/wellness program to achieve better and more remarkable results.

Geological structure and oil-and-gas occurrence of Prorva group of the Southern deposits of the Caspian Depression in terms of geophysical information

Purpose. Purpose is to generalize and analyze the currently accumulated geological and physical as well as field data to study productive strata of Prorva group of oil-and-gas occurrence of the Southern deposits of the Caspian Depression in Kazakhstan. Methodology. Deep Triassic rock systems were studied thoroughly relying upon the explained new data by seismic data together with logging and field information using current processing and interpretative systems according to the newly drilled deep wells within the unexplored northwest part of the structure. Findings. The specified geological model of the field has been obtained. Twenty-one estimation targets have been singled out in the Jurassic-Trias structures; three new oil-and-gas-bearing formations have been identified as part of the Lower Cretaceous share of a productive stratum within the Valanginian level. According to geophysical analysis, Western Prorva and S. Nurzhanov deposits are the unified system with the oil-water contact level. Originality. Selection of the recommended location of the new wells is based upon specificity of the innovative scientific and technical approaches while studying regularities of facies substitution of reservoir rocks with enclosing systems of each productive stratum; and studying permeability and porosity of the reservoir rocks as well as fluids saturating them. Practical value. The obtained data have become the basis to assess the remaining carbohydrate reserves, and identify new opportunities increasing the reserves within the Western area of S. Nurzhanov deposit; moreover, they raise a question on the expediency to develop the Unified Project of the field mining.

The Review of Parent-child Communication and Adolescent Depression

As society continues to develop, people are becoming more aware of depression and it has become a major psychological problem that people are now facing. The incidence of depression is increasing not only among adults but also among adolescents. It is widely recognized that the family plays a key part in the growth of adolescents and that Communication between parents and children can be among the most significant factors in reducing depression in adolescents. This study aimed to systematically summarise the model, relationship, and influencing factors before parent-child communication and adolescent depression. The results showed significant distinctions between parent-child communication and adolescent depression in terms of parental gender, adolescent gender, and age. Open parent-child communication was found to be beneficial in reducing the developing symptoms of depression in adolescents, the influence that parent-child communication has on adolescent depression needs to be further explored in the context of whether or not the parent is ill. These findings will be crucial for continued research into the factors influencing parent-child communication and depression and the treatment of depression among adolescents in the future.

Physical and cognitive correlates, inflammatory levels, and treatment response in post-COVID-19 first-onset vs. recurrent depressive episodes.

Psychiatric symptoms have been frequently reported in patients affected by COVID-19, both as new occurring and recurrences of pre-existing diseases. Depressive symptoms are estimated to affect at least 30% of patients following infection, with specific physical and cognitive features and relevant immune-inflammatory alterations. This study aimed to retrospectively characterize post-COVID-19 first-onset and recurrent major depressive episodes (MDE) and to evaluate the effects of antidepressants on physical and cognitive correlates of depression, in addition to mood, anxiety, and underlying inflammatory status. We evaluated 116 patients (44.8% males, 51.1 ± 17years) with post-COVID-19 first-onset (38.8%) and recurrent (61.2%) MDE at baseline and after one- and three-month treatment with antidepressants (31% SSRIs, 25.9% SNRIs, 43.1% others). We assessed sociodemographic and clinical features and psychopathological dimensions through: Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales; Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire; Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression 5-items. The systemic immune-inflammatory index was calculated to measure inflammation levels. Alongside the reduction of depression and anxiety (p < 0.001), physical and cognitive symptoms improved (p < 0.001) and inflammatory levels decreased (p < 0.001) throughout treatment in both groups. Post-COVID-19 recurrent MDE showed a significantly more severe course of physical and cognitive symptoms and persistently higher levels of inflammation than first-onset episodes. Antidepressants proved to be effective in both post-COVID-19 first-onset and recurrent MDE. However, a sustained inflammatory status might blunt treatment response in patients with recurrent depression in terms of physical correlates and cognition. Therefore, personalized approaches, possibly involving combinations with anti-inflammatory compounds, could promote better outcomes in this clinical population.

Psychological Characteristics of Women with Perinatal Depression Who Require Psychiatric Support during Pregnancy or Postpartum: A Cross-Sectional Study

Antenatal depression may be distinct from postpartum depression in terms of prevalence, severity of symptoms, comorbidities, prognosis, and risk factors. Although risk factors for perinatal depression have been identified, it is unclear whether there are differences in the onset of perinatal depression (PND). This study explored the characteristics of women requiring mental health support during pregnancy or postpartum. A sample of 170 women (58% in pregnancy; 42% postpartum) who contacted the SOS-MAMMA outpatient clinic was recruited. Clinical data sheets and self-report questionnaires (EPDS, LTE-Q, BIG FIVE; ECR; BSQ; STICSA) were administered, hypothesizing possible risk factors, such as personality traits, stressful life events, body dissatisfaction, attachment style, and anxiety. Hierarchical regression models were carried out in the pregnancy (F10;36 = 8.075, p < 0.001, adjR2 = 0.877) and postpartum groups (F10;38 = 3.082, p < 0.05, adjR2 = 0.809). Recent stressful life events and conscientiousness were associated with depression in both the pregnant (29.3%, 25.5% of variance) and postpartum groups (23.8%, 20.7% of variance). In pregnant women, "openness" (11.6%), body dissatisfaction (10.2%), and anxiety (7.1%) symptoms were predictive of depression. In the postpartum group, "neuroticism" (13.8%) and insecure romantic attachment dimensions (13.4%; 9.2%) were the strongest predictors. Perinatal psychological interventions should consider the differences between mothers with depression during pregnancy and postpartum.

Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Supported Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Self-help Compared With Supported Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Self-help for Adults Experiencing Depression

Depression is prevalent. Treatment guidelines recommend practitioner-supported cognitive behavioral therapy self-help (CBT-SH) for mild to moderate depression in adults; however, dropout rates are high. Alternative approaches are required. To determine if practitioner-supported mindfulness-based cognitive therapy self-help (MBCT-SH) is superior to practitioner-supported CBT-SH at reducing depressive symptom severity at 16 weeks postrandomization among patients with mild to moderate depression and secondarily to examine if practitioner-supported MBCT-SH is cost-effective compared with practitioner-supported CBT-SH. This was an assessor- and participant-blinded superiority randomized clinical trial with 1:1 automated online allocation stratified by center and depression severity comparing practitioner-supported MBCT-SH with practitioner-supported CBT-SH for adults experiencing mild to moderate depression. Recruitment took place between November 24, 2017, and January 31, 2020. The study took place in 10 publicly funded psychological therapy services in England (Improving Access to Psychological Therapies [IAPT]). A total of 600 clients attending IAPT services were assessed for eligibility, and 410 were enrolled. Participants met diagnostic criteria for mild to moderate depression. Data were analyzed from January to October 2021. Participants received a copy of either an MBCT-SH or CBT-SH workbook and were offered 6 support sessions with a trained practitioner. The preregistered primary outcome was Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score at 16 weeks postrandomization. The primary analysis was intention-to-treat with treatment arms masked. Of 410 randomized participants, 255 (62.2%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 32 (25-45) years. At 16 weeks postrandomization, practitioner-supported MBCT-SH (n = 204; mean [SD] PHQ-9 score, 7.2 [4.8]) led to significantly greater reductions in depression symptom severity compared with practitioner-supported CBT-SH (n = 206; mean [SD] PHQ-9 score, 8.6 [5.5]), with a between-group difference of -1.5 PHQ-9 points (95% CI, -2.6 to -0.4; P = .009; d = -0.36). The probability of MBCT-SH being cost-effective compared with CBT-SH exceeded 95%. However, although between-group effects on secondary outcomes were in the hypothesized direction, they were mostly nonsignificant. Three serious adverse events were reported, all deemed not study related. In this randomized clinical trial, practitioner-supported MBCT-SH was superior to standard recommended treatment (ie, practitioner-supported CBT-SH) for mild to moderate depression in terms of both clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Findings suggest that MBCT-SH for mild to moderate depression should be routinely offered to adults in primary care services. isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN13495752.

Effect of male–female relatedness on aggression and inbreeding in an egg parasitoid wasp

Aggressive behavior is important for acquiring crucial resources in many animals. As such behavior is costly, selection favors contestants that can accurately gather information regarding the likely costs and benefits of conflict to enable appropriate tactical decisions. Mate choice based on relatedness is widespread among animals and has severe consequences. Theoretically, due to the potential costs of inbreeding, contestants may benefit from discriminating between relative and nonrelative mates and adjusting their behavior accordingly. If inbreeding results in fitness costs, related mates might be perceived as less valuable and individuals might be expected to invest less in costly aggression, and vice versa. However, the role of male–female relatedness in aggression has been less addressed. The egg parasitoid wasp Anastatus disparis, which exhibits extreme male–male aggressive behavior for mating opportunities, was used as an experimental model to explore the role of male–female relatedness in aggression. Inconsistent with our prediction, male–female relatedness had no significant effect on male–male fighting frequency or intensity in A. disparis. The ability of males to discriminate relative from nonrelative females is a prerequisite for male–female relatedness to affect males’ aggression. However, A. disparis males did not exhibit any mating preferences for relative or nonrelative females. Besides, inbreeding did not result in depression in terms of longevity, fecundity or sex ratio in A. disparis. Our finding of no effect of male–female relatedness on male–male fights in A. disparis may be caused by a lack of kin discrimination ability or/and a lack of benefits from discriminating relatives from nonrelatives.

The Relationship between Serum Oxytocin Levels and Sexual Function and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Inconsistent results were found regarding the relationship between human blood oxytocin (OXT) levels and psychiatric and sexual dysfunction (SD) in several studies. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between OXT levels and sexual function and depression. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving 84 non-pregnant healthy married women at childbearing age. Beck Depression Inventory and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used to collect the data, and human oxytocin ELISA kit was used to determine serum OXT level. The independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Average age of the participants was 36.1 (6.91) in this study and the range of their age was 19-49. The mean serum OXT level was 192.70 (139.71)pg/ml. The mean total score of FSFI and depression were 21.54 (5.18) and 12.42 (11.20) from the attainable score of 2-36 and 0-63, respectively. The associations between serum OXT level and FSFI overall score (r=0.066, P=0.548) and depression score (r=0.137, P=0.215) were not found to be significant. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups of women with and without SD (P=0.155) and women with and without depression (P=0.110) in terms of serum OXT levels. Conclusion: The results of this study did not indicate a significant relationship between serum OXT levels and depression and sexual function. As there was no significant relationship between the oxytocin concentrations and measured outcomes, conducting further studies with a better study design and a larger sample size is recommended.

Effects of Self-Esteem and Coping Skills on Compulsive Buying in Patients with Major Depression: The Moderator Role of Temperament and Character

Objective: In this study, we aimed to test how compulsive buying behavior is affected by self-esteem and coping skills in depressed patients and whether this is related to temperament character traits. Materials and Methods: 106 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and 98 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS), Compulsive Online Buying Scale (COBS), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced-R (COPE-R), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were applied to the participants. Results: A significant difference was found in patients with depression in terms of compulsive buying, coping skills, and self-esteem compared to the control group. In addition, the difference between the total scores of the temperament dimensions of harm avoidance, novelty seeking, persistence, and the character dimensions of self-directedness and cooperativeness was found to be significant. There are two models in the study. The firstly revealed that depression severity does not directly affect on compulsive buying behavior, but compulsive buying behavior is indirectly affected by self-esteem and coping skills. The secondly showed that temperament and character traits directly affect coping and self-esteem regardless of the severity of depression. Conclusion: The presence and severity of compulsive buying behavior in patients with depression can be interpreted as an indicator of decreased self-esteem and frequently used maladaptive coping mechanisms.

Depression of Children and Adolescents

Depression in childhood and adolescence is still less well known than depression in adults. The term "childhood and adolescent depression" for depression in childhood and adolescence was not used until 1966 and was studied in these age groups mainly by psychoanalysts, psychiatrists and developmental psychologists. Unfortunately, the results of their research are not homogeneous, but they show that it increases with age. Juvenile depression is a separate symptom that includes mood disorders, behavioral disorders, anxiety and self-destructive behavior. It differs from adult depression in terms of its course, and it lasts shorter and has a duration a different psychopathological picture. In the article, the available literature was reviewed and, based on the results obtained, the problem was developed in division into sections: epidemiology, etiopatogenesis, clinical grounds, socialmedia and depression.

Correlation of Sum of ST Segment Depression in Leads V1 to V4 in Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction with Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Inferior wall acute myocardial infarction accounts for 40 to 50% of all acute STEMI. Patients of acute inferior myocardial infarction with ST depression in lateral leads often have greater incidence of triple vessel disease and proximal RCA lesion but in case of patients of acute inferior myocardial infarction with ST depression in precordial leads (leads V1 to V4), is a subject of determination whether it is associated with more sever coronary artery disease. The aim of this study is to determine the association of sum of ST depression in precordial leads with the probability of concomitant severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute inferior STEMI. Methods: this cross sectional observational study was done at National institute of cardiovascular diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 90 patients of acute inferior myocardial infarction with precordial lead ST depression admitted at CCU within 12 hours of onset of chest pain were the study population. They were divided in two groups on the basis of sum of ST depression in precordial leads (Sum of ST depression d”4mm and &gt;4mm), 36 patients in group I and 54 patients in group II. Coronary angiography was performed during the index hospitalization period. Gensini score and Reardon score were measured. Results: Overwhelming majority of the patients was male (83.3% and 90.7%) with mean age of 51.0±9.7 and 51.0±9.9 years in group I and II respectively. Smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most frequent risk factors in both groups. Serum troponin level was significantly high in group II (6.2±2.2 vs. 13.6±17.7, p &lt;0.05). Sum of ST depression in precordial leads was 2.84±0.66 and 7.53±3.51 in group I and group II respectively, and was statistically significant. Consideration of mean of ST depression in individual leads shows significantly higher mean in leads V2, V3 and V4 among group II patients. SVD was more frequent in group I but group II patients had higher statistically significant incidence of DVD and TVD. Gensini score (20.26±13.0 vs. 36.98±16.9) and Reardon score (4.63±2.2 vs. 6.83±2.2) was high in group II patients. Positive correlation had been depicted between summation value of ST segment depression with that of Gensini score &amp; Reardon score (Gensini score r=0.61 and Reardon score r= 0.52). Conclusion: Involvement Triple vessel and double vessel disease was remarkably higher with increasing sum of ST segment depression in precordial leads. The severity of ST segment depression in terms of summation of ST depression in leads V1 to V4 is directly proportional to the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2022; 37(2): 116-121