Depression In Older People Research Articles

Effects of a multicomponent exercise program combined with calcium-vitamin D3-enriched milk on health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in older men: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Osteoporosis is associated with both lower health-related quality of life and depression in older people. We examined the independent and combined effects of a multi-component exercise program and calcium-vitamin D3 fortified milk on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and depression in older men. In this 12-month, factorial design randomized controlled trial, 180 healthy community-dwelling men aged 50-79years with normal to below average bone mineral density were allocated into one of four groups: exercise + fortified milk; exercise; fortified milk; or controls. Exercise consisted of high-intensity resistance training with weight-bearing exercise (3days per week; 60-75min per session). Men assigned to fortified milk consumed 400ml/day of low-fat milk containing 1000mg/day calcium and 800IU/day vitamin D3. Questionnaires were used to assess HR-QoL (SF-36) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) at baseline, and 6 and 12months. A linear mixed model analysis was used to test whether there was a synergistic interaction between exercise and calcium-vitamin D3. If no significant interactions were detected, the main effects of exercise and fortified milk were examined. Mean adherence to the exercise program and fortified milk was 67% (95% CI 61, 73%) and 90% (95% CI 86, 93%), respectively. There were no exercise-by-fortified milk interactions nor main effects of exercise or calcium-vitamin D for any of the HR-QoL measures or depressive symptoms. In healthy community-dwelling older men, exercise training and/or calcium-vitamin D fortified milk did not improve HR-QoL or depressive symptoms.

Continuation and Maintenance Treatments for Depression in Older People

This summary is based on a Cochrane review (Wilkinson & Izmeth, 2016) that explores ongoing treatments for depression in older people to prevent relapse and recurrence. With population ageing (Unit...

The association between frontal lobe perfusion and depressive symptoms in later life.

Deficits in frontal lobe perfusion have been demonstrated in late-life depression; however, studies to date have generally involved small numbers, used neuroimaging rather than bedside testing and have not controlled for important covariates.AimsWe aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and frontal lobe perfusion during standing, in a large cohort of community-dwelling older people. Participants aged ≥50 years underwent continuous measurement of orthostatic blood pressure by finometry, and frontal lobe perfusion by near-infrared spectroscopy. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the eight-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Real-time frontal lobe cerebral oxygenation was measured by the Portalite System, detecting changes in frontal lobe perfusion and reporting a tissue saturation index score. Almost 8% (209 out of 2616) had clinically significant depressive symptoms. Multilevel models demonstrated a significantly lower tissue saturation index in participants with depressive symptoms at both 60 and 90 s post-stand, with coefficients of -0.43 (95% CI -0.63 to -0.22) and -0.37 (95% CI -0.57 to -0.16), respectively. Controlling for relevant covariates did not significantly attenuate these associations. After addition of systolic blood pressure this association was no longer significant, suggesting lower blood pressure may modify this relationship. This study demonstrates that lower frontal lobe perfusion, related to lower values of baseline systolic blood pressure, is associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms in a cohort of community-dwelling older people. Given the recognised longitudinal association between lower blood pressure and depression in older people, this may represent a potential therapeutic target for prevention of incident depression.Declaration of interestNone.

Conceptualization of depression amongst older adults in rural Tanzania: a qualitative study.

Depression in older people is likely to become a growing global health problem with aging populations. Significant cultural variation exists in beliefs about depression (terminology, symptomatology, and treatments) but data from sub-Saharan Africa are minimal. Low-resource interventions for depression have been effective in low-income settings but cannot be utilized without accurate diagnosis. This study aimed to achieve a shared understanding of depression in Tanzania in older people. Using a qualitative design, focus groups were conducted with participants aged 60 and over. Participants from rural villages of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, were selected via randomized sampling using census data. Topic guides were developed including locally developed case vignettes. Transcripts were translated into English from Swahili and thematic analysis conducted. Ten focus groups were held with 81 participants. Three main themes were developed: a) conceptualization of depression by older people and differentiation from other related conditions ("too many thoughts," cognitive symptoms, affective and biological symptoms, wish to die, somatic symptoms, and its difference to other concepts); b) the causes of depression (inability to work, loss of physical strength and independence, lack of resources, family difficulties, chronic disease); c) management of depression (love and comfort, advice, spiritual support, providing help, medical help). This research expands our understanding of how depression presents in older Tanzanians and provides information about lay beliefs regarding causes and management options. This may allow development of culturally specific screening tools for depression that, in turn, increase diagnosis rates, support accurate diagnosis, improve service use, and reduce stigma.

Older people with depression - a three-year follow-up.

The prevalence of depression among older people amounts to 1-5% at the diagnostic level. Depression in older people may be chronic and is associated with an increased risk of dementia. No longitudinal studies have been conducted of depression in older people in Norway. We have undertaken a multi-centre longitudinal observation study of 160patients aged 60 years and above who had been treated for depression in departments of old-age psychiatry at specialist healthcare services in Norway. The patients were followed up on four occasions over a three-year period. Of the 131patients who completed the study, 24 (18.3%) were free from depression and depressive symptoms at the points of follow-up after discharge, while 55 (42.0% showed depressive symptoms and 51 (38.9%) had suffered at least one serious relapse or had remained continuously ill with a depressive condition. The proportion of persons with dementia increased from 14 out of 160 (8.8%) at the start of the study period to 40 out of 131 (30.5%) after three years. Older people with depression who have been treated in departments of old-age psychiatry in specialist healthcare services have an unfavourable prognosis regarding the course of their depression and development of dementia over a three-year period.

The Role of Physical Activity in Determining the Level of Older People's Depression

The Role of Physical Activity in Determining the Level of Older People's Depression

Psychosocial interventions for prevention of depression in older people

Psychosocial interventions for prevention of depression in older people

What Causes Late-Life Depression? A Qualitative Study of Depressed Iranian Older People

Background: Depression is a major health problem in old age that is closely related to cultural and social contexts. Studies have shown a higher prevalence of geriatric depression in Iran. Objectives: This qualitative content analysis study aimed to explore the psychosocial factors related to the experience of late life depression in older people in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study with a directed content analysis approach was conducted in Tehran in 2015. First, a systematic search in major English and Persian data banks was carried out to develop an analysis matrix. The participants with maximum variations in demographic characteristics were recruited from psychiatric clinics, if they met inclusion criteria, which included: 1) age of 60 years and, and 2) diagnosis above of depression by a psychiatrist in the last six months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted up to reaching data saturation. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and transformed into meaning units and codes. The codes were then analyzing matrix and reviewed again to form new subcategories and categories. Results: Twelve old people participated in this study. Analyzing the data, 534 codes in 42 subcategories and 17categories led to six main themes which included: 1) transition of value system, 2) role changes, 3) life concerns, 4) inadequacy of social relations, 5) regrets, and 6) impaired health and function. Discussion: From the perspective of the depressed old people, recent changes in values and impaired social relations, made them feel lonely confronting life struggles and inevitable changes of roles, health status and function. Some context-based interventions such as community alertness and providing more formal support may be helpful in preventing late life depression.

Spirituality, quality of life, and depression in older people with dementia

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to observe dementia’s role in the relationship between spirituality, quality of life, and depression in aging. The sample included 61 participants between 65 and 98 years old, separated into two groups: participants diagnosed with dementia (N = 31) and control participants (N = 30). There was no significant difference in spirituality between demented and control participants; however, different patterns of correlation were observed between spirituality, depression, and quality of life in these groups. Although the level of spirituality did not differ despite dementia, this pathology would appear to play a role in the relationship between spirituality, quality of life, and depression.

Depression in older people – a suitable case for treatment

EditorialFree Access Depression in older people – a suitable case for treatment Rob Munro, Rob MunroSearch for more papers by this author Rob Munro, Rob MunroSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 March 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/psb.1653AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume29, Issue3March 2018Pages 4-4 RelatedInformation

Is the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale a Fair Screening Tool? A Differential Item Functioning Analysis Across Gender and Age.

The 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) is widely employed to assess depression in old people, but it is unclear if there are biases in the total score depending on respondents' gender and age. In the current study, we investigated the measurement equivalence of the GDS-15 to provide evidence that the test is a fair screening tool when administered to young-old, old-old, and oldest-old men and women. Item Response Theory-based Differential Item Functioning analyses were applied on a large sample of Italian old people. One item exhibited Differential Item Functioning when comparing men and women, and one item showed Differential Item Functioning across different age-groups. Nonetheless, the magnitude of Differential Item Functioning was small and did not produce any differential test functioning. The gender and age measurement equivalence of the GDS-15 confirms that the test can be used for clinical and research screening purposes.

Research roundup: December 2017

In brief Pain linked with falls, fatigue and depression in older people living unassisted in the community Low-intensity exercise not as good as regular moderate exercise for maintaining health Analysis of medication errors reported by nurses and other healthcare staff supports avoiding rushing and sufficient staffing to minimise errors Cat ownership and sensitisation during childhood

What works for wellbeing? A systematic review of wellbeing outcomes for music and singing in adults.

Aims:The role of arts and music in supporting subjective wellbeing (SWB) is increasingly recognised. Robust evidence is needed to support policy and practice. This article reports on the first of four reviews of Culture, Sport and Wellbeing (CSW) commissioned by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded What Works Centre for Wellbeing (https://whatworkswellbeing.org/).Objective:To identify SWB outcomes for music and singing in adults.Methods:Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PsychInfo, Medline, ERIC, Arts and Humanities, Social Science and Science Citation Indexes, Scopus, PILOTS and CINAHL databases. From 5,397 records identified, 61 relevant records were assessed using GRADE and CERQual schema.Results:A wide range of wellbeing measures was used, with no consistency in how SWB was measured across the studies. A wide range of activities was reported, most commonly music listening and regular group singing. Music has been associated with reduced anxiety in young adults, enhanced mood and purpose in adults and mental wellbeing, quality of life, self-awareness and coping in people with diagnosed health conditions. Music and singing have been shown to be effective in enhancing morale and reducing risk of depression in older people. Few studies address SWB in people with dementia. While there are a few studies of music with marginalised communities, participants in community choirs tend to be female, white and relatively well educated. Research challenges include recruiting participants with baseline wellbeing scores that are low enough to record any significant or noteworthy change following a music or singing intervention.Conclusions:There is reliable evidence for positive effects of music and singing on wellbeing in adults. There remains a need for research with sub-groups who are at greater risk of lower levels of wellbeing, and on the processes by which wellbeing outcomes are, or are not, achieved.

The role of meaning in life in community-dwelling older adults with depression and relationship to other risk factors

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aims of this study were to examine the association of Meaning in Life (MiL) with sociodemographic and physical factors, and its association with depression in older people.Method: A cross-sectional survey with a sample of N = 2104 older adults from communities of four European countries was conducted, using an age-appropriate interview for the diagnosis of depression and the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE) questionnaire to assess MiL.Results: Overall, MiL was particularly low in old male participants, in older people from Ferrara (Italy), those with a lower religious affiliation, fewer social contacts, and poorer physical health. Furthermore, younger old age (65–69 compared to 80–84 year olds), female gender, being married, living in Geneva and poorer physical health were significantly associated with a higher risk for depression. In addition, lower MiL significantly increased the likelihood to suffer from depression in older people. An interaction effect of study center and MiL also emerged: with decreasing MiL the risk for depression significantly increases in Hamburg compared to the other study centers.Conclusion: This study underlines the association of MiL and depression in old age. Integration of meaning-specific aspects in treatment for older adults with depression may be promising.

Behavioural activation for depression in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundBehavioural activation is an effective treatment for depression in the general adult population but it is unclear whether it is effective for older people.AimsTo systematically review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioural activation for depression in older people.MethodWe searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and online trial registers for RCTs of behavioural activation for depression in older people.ResultsEighteen trials were included in the meta-analyses. Behavioural activation reduced mean depression scores for older people living in the community as a stand-alone treatment: standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.72, 95% Cl -1.04 to -0.41. It was also effective as part of a multicomponent intervention (SMD -0.44, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.32).ConclusionsBehavioural activation significantly reduces depressive symptoms in older people in the community; however, given that most studies are small and with significant bias results should be interpreted with caution. Further high-quality trials of behavioural activation for this age group are needed.

Correlates of physical activity among depressed older people in six low‐income and middle‐income countries: A community‐based cross‐sectional study

Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA) in older people with depression, many do not comply with the International PA guidelines. Thus, we investigated what factors influence PA participation among 915 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65years) with depression in 6 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. The sample was restricted to those with DSM-IV depression or receiving depression treatment in the last 12months. PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Participants were dichotomized into low (ie, not meeting 150minutes of moderate PA per week) and moderate-to-high physically active groups. Associations between PA and a range of correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regressions. The prevalence of low PA was 40.4% (95%CI=34.8%-46.1%). After adjusting for age, sex, and country, larger household size and unemployment were significant sociodemographic correlates of low PA. Former smoking (vs never), anxiety, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), lower body mass index, bodily pain, asthma, chronic back pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hearing problems, stroke, slow gait, poor self-rated health, higher levels of disability, and lower levels of social cohesion were identified as significant negative correlates of PA. The current data provide guidance for future interventions across LMICs to assist older people with depression engage in regular PA. The promotion of social cohesion may increase the efficacy of future public health initiatives, while from a clinical perspective, somatic co-morbidities, MCI, pain, and slow gait need to be considered.

The implementation of a stepped care model of psychological interventions for depression in older people’s services

The implementation of a stepped care model of psychological interventions for depression in older people’s services

Depression recognition and capacity for self‐report among ethnically diverse nursing homes residents: Evidence of disparities in screening

To examine agreement between Minimum Data Set clinician ratings and researcher assessments of depression among ethnically diverse nursing home residents using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Although depression is common among nursing homes residents, its recognition remains a challenge. Observational baseline data from a longitudinal intervention study. Sample of 155 residents from 12 long-term care units in one US facility; 50 were interviewed in Spanish. Convergence between clinician and researcher ratings was examined for (i) self-report capacity, (ii) suicidal ideation, (iii) at least moderate depression, (iv) Patient Health Questionnaire severity scores. Experiences by clinical raters using the depression assessment were analysed. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to examine concordance and Cohen's kappa to examine agreement between clinicians and researchers. Moderate agreement (κ=0.52) was observed in determination of capacity and poor to fair agreement in reporting suicidal ideation (κ=0.10-0.37) across time intervals. Poor agreement was observed in classification of at least moderate depression (κ=-0.02 to 0.24), lower than the maximum kappa obtainable (0.58-0.85). Eight assessors indicated problems assessing Spanish-speaking residents. Among Spanish speakers, researchers identified 16% with Patient Health Questionnaire scores of 10 or greater, and 14% with thoughts of self-harm whilst clinicians identified 6% and 0%, respectively. This study advances the field of depression recognition in long-term care by identification of possible challenges in assessing Spanish speakers. Use of the Patient Health Questionnaire requires further investigation, particularly among non-English speakers. Depression screening for ethnically diverse nursing home residents is required, as underreporting of depression and suicidal ideation among Spanish speakers may result in lack of depression recognition and referral for evaluation and treatment. Training in depression recognition is imperative to improve the recognition, evaluation and treatment of depression in older people living in nursing homes.

Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Filial Piety and Depression in Older People.

Studies have indicated that one of the key factors in relieving depression in older people is social network support, especially from the family. In Chinese society, the traditional value of filial piety strongly influences daily interactions and behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine older people's perceptions of filial piety and to explore the correlation between filial piety and depression in older people. In this systematic literature review of seven databases (CEPS, Cochrane, PubMed/Medicine, OVID, CINAHL, ProQuest, and PsycINFO), eight studies on the correlation between filial piety and depression in older people were selected, six of which were included in the present meta-analysis. The studies included in this review lacked consistency regarding the screening and measurement instruments used. Two groups of meta-analyses (four studies) illustrated that filial piety was negatively correlated with depression in older people ( r = -0.196, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.283, -0.106] and r = -0.139, p = .006, 95% CI [-0.235, -0.041]), suggesting that an increase in older people's perception of their children's filial piety was correlated with a reduction in their depression. Filial piety was correlated with depression in older people. Future studies should focus on clarifying the concept of filial piety to aid in the application of appropriate measurement tools and the development of intervention measures that could enhance the care provided for depression in older people.

Longitudinal relationship between regular exercise and depression in older people: Focused on latent growth modeling

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 운동참여 특성과 우울 궤적을 추정하고, 남녀 간 노인의 운동참여 특성이 우울궤적에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 한국고용정보원이 실시한 고령화연구패널조사(KLoSA) 1차~5차까지의 자료를 활용하였으며, 2006년 1차년도 조사 당시 65세 이상의 노인인 2,086명(남성노인: 804명, 여성노인: 1,282명)을 연구 대상으로 검증하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 무조건적 모형 검증 결과, 남녀 노인 모두 초기값과 변화율에 차이가 나타나 운동참여 특성과 우울의 궤적에 개인차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 노인의 운동참여 특성, 우울의 조건적 모형을 살펴본 결과, 남성 노인과 여성 노인 모두 운동 횟수, 운동 시간, 운동 기간의 초기값이 우울 초기값에 부적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 단, 남녀 노인 모두 운동 횟수와 시간, 기간의 초기값과 변화율이 우울의 변화율에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 남성노인과 여성노인의 운동과 우울의 관계를 종단적으로 확인하고 노인의 운동과 우울 개입에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.The purpose of this study is to estimate the characteristics of participation in exercise and the trajectory of depressive symptoms in older people, and to verify the influence of participation in exercise among older men and women on the trajectory of depressive symptoms as well. In this study, the data gathered from the 1st through 5th sessions in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(KLoSA), as conducted by Korea Employment Information Service(KEIS), were utilized. 2,086 cases who were over 65 years old at the time of the 1st year session in 2006 (804 males, and 1,282 females) were selected as the subject for verification. Major results are as follow. First, as a result of the verification of unconditional model, it was found that there are differences in both the initial score and the rate of change, indicating individual differences in the trajectory of exercise participation characteristics and depressive symptoms. Second, the result of conditional model showed that the initial score of frequency of exercise, duration of exercise, and length of regular exercise a significant negative influence to the initial score of depression in both men and women. However, it was also found that, in both senior men and women, the initial score and rate of change in the frequency of exercise, duration of exercise, and length of regular exercise do not significantly influence the rate of change of depression. Through the results of this study, the longitudinal relationship in exercise between senior men and senior women shall be confirmed, while providing fundamental data on the exercise and its intervention with depression in older people.