Growth Depression Research Articles

EZH2 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration via Mir-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 Axis : Running Title: EZH2 Promotes Glioma cell Malignant Behaviors.

This study investigates the role and molecular mechanism of EZH2 in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. EZH2, miR-142-3p, lncRNA KCNQ1OT1, LIN28B, and HMGB3 expressions in glioma tissues and cells were determined using qRT-PCR or Western blot, followed by CCK-8 assay detection of cell viability, Transwell detection of invasion and migration, ChIP analysis of the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 on miR-142-3p promoter, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP validation of the binding of miR-142-3p-KCNQ1OT1 and KCNQ1OT1-LIN28B, and actinomycin D detection of KCNQ1OT1 and HMGB3 mRNA stability. A nude mouse xenograft model and a lung metastasis model were established. EZH2, KCNQ1OT1, LIN28B, and HMGB3 were highly expressed while miR-142-3p was poorly expressed in gliomas. EZH2 silencing restrained glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. EZH2 repressed miR-142-3p expression by elevating the H3K27me3 level. miR-142-3p targeted KCNQ1OT1 expression, and KCNQ1OT1 bound to LIN28B to stabilize HMGB3 mRNA, thereby promoting its protein expression. EZH2 silencing depressed tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice via the miR-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 axis. In conclusion, EZH2 curbed miR-142-3p expression, thereby relieving the inhibition of KCNQ1OT1 expression by miR-142-3p, enhancing the binding of KCNQ1OT1 to LIN28B, elevating HMGB3 expression, and ultimately accelerating glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration.

Validity of the TGI-SR+ in Francophone populations: Insights from Quebec and Belgium

The loss of a significant person can lead to a broad spectrum of responses. While most individuals gradually recover within a year, a minority develop Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). The Traumatic Grief Inventory Self-Report Plus (TGI-SR+) was recently developed to ensure that the original scale (TGI-SR) still accurately assesses PGD in line with the latest diagnostic standards of the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11. This study aimed to validate the TGI-SR+ within two French-speaking cohorts: 276 French-Canadian and 469 Belgian participants. Data were collected through an online survey in 2022. Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a 4-factor model for the TGI-SR+ total scale, but high inter-item correlations favored a 1-factor solution. A 1-factor model was found for the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 PGD scores. Convergent validity with mental health disorder, depression, and post-traumatic growth, and known-group validity were confirmed. The findings endorse the TGI-SR+ as a valid tool for detecting potential PGD.

The impact of crowding stress on growth and intestinal integrity in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Insights into ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis

Crowding stress is a common abiotic stressor in intensive aquaculture that negatively impacts fish species, leading to growth depression. This study primarily explored the effects of crowding stress on the growth and intestinal integrity of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted with two groups: a control group (0.55 kg/m³) and a crowding stress group (1.10 kg/m³). The results showed that crowding stress significantly impaired fish growth and compromised intestinal integrity. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of crowding stress on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Our findings revealed an increased proportion of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and ER swelling in the intestines of stressed fish, along with a higher number of autophagosomes. Furthermore, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of genes related to ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis, including GRP78, eIF2α, IRE1, atg3, LC3-2, ulk1α, P62, and caspase-8. In conclusion, crowding stress negatively affects fish growth and intestinal integrity, potentially through the induction of apoptosis and autophagy associated with ER stress-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). These findings provided critical insights into how intensive aquaculture disrupts intestinal integrity and inhibits growth in fish, offering a valuable reference for future research aimed at enhancing stress resistance in fish under intensive aquaculture conditions.

Effect of temperature on growth, metabolism, and gas exchange in Hermetia illucens larvae reared under commercial and laboratory conditions

Abstract The world’s socio-economic development is continuously increasing the demand for efficient production of food, feed, and energy from the agricultural sector. In this respect, the emerging production of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) represents a promising system to upscale low-quality resources to higher-quality resources usable as feed or biodiesel. To optimize BSFL production it is critical to establish methods that are relevant to examine how rearing conditions, including temperature, affect growth, metabolism, and body composition at large scale. In a first set of experiments, we therefore compared how small-scale laboratory respirometry chambers (600 larvae) support gas exchange, growth, and metabolism in BSFL with similar measurements obtained from large-scale commercial conditions (>12 million larvae) at ∼34-35 °C. Having observed that small- and large-scale systems generated comparable measurements of growth and metabolism, we used our small-scale respirometry system to examine in detail how substrate rearing temperature ranging from 27.0 to 41.9 °C influenced growth, metabolism, and body composition in BSFL. Here we found that 7-day growth of BSFL was stable and high at 27, 35, and 39 °C, while a rearing temperature of ∼42 °C caused a severe, but sublethal, depression of growth and metabolism. Despite the general similarities in total growth at 27, 35, and 39 °C, we found considerable acceleration of metabolism and development at the two higher rearing temperatures (35 and 39 °C). In contrast, the lower rearing temperature (27 °C) resulted in reduced CO2 production per kg larvae produced and the was associated with a higher crude protein to crude lipid ratio in larvae after the 7-day growth period. Based on these findings we discuss how continued monitoring of gas exchange in production systems holds a potential to optimize production in the emerging industry of large-scale commercial insect production.

Perinatal depression and adverse child growth outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Perinatal depression (PND), which encompasses the antepartum and postpartum depression (APD and PPD), is a neglected crisis in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to systematically search and meta-analyze existing evidence to determine whether a mother's PND affects adverse growth outcomes in children in LMICs (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42021246803). We conducted searches, including nine databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Global Health Database, Google Scholar, WHO Regional Databases, PsycINFO, and LILACS) from January 2000 to September 2023. We restricted studies that assessed PND using validated screening tools or clinical interviews during pregnancy or within 12 months postpartum. We included studies that reported four types of adverse child growth outcomes (stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight/obesity) in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the quality using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and pooled risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) between PND and each adverse growth outcome using random-effects models. In total, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review, with 24 eligible for meta-analysis, spanning data from 15 countries and 26,261 mother-baby pairs. Based on the studies that reported ORs, children below the age of 3 years with mothers experiencing PND had higher odds for stunting (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.32, 2.02, I2 = 56.0%) and underweight (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.90, 3.68, I2 = 34.5%) compared to children of mothers without PND. The pooled RRs for stunting and underweight did not show significant differences between mothers with and without PND. Studies on wasting (n = 5) and overweight/obesity (n = 2) were limited, demonstrating inconsistent results across studies. The association between PND and adverse growth outcomes varied according to the measure of association, region, country, PND type, outcome timepoint, and study design. There were limited studies in diverse LMICs, particularly on wasting, or overweight/obesity as an outcome.

Grief Response Scale

Despite the existence of several other psychometric assessment instruments targeting grief and loss, few address the various responses to grief. Based on the Integrative-Relational Model of grief, the Grief Response Scale (GRS) attempts to do so, with an emphasis on complicated grief, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic growth.

Investigation of Depression and Post-Traumatic Growth in Renal Transplant Recipients via Self-Assessment.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine post-traumatic growth and depression levels in renal transplant recipients and the relationship between these two variables. Design and Methods: The study was conducted with a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design. The data for the study were collected at the organ transplant unit of a research and training hospital located in the west of Turkey. The sample of the study included 122 kidney transplant recipients (n = 122). A Sociodemographic Information Form, the Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were employed to collect data. In the analyses of the data, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, an independent-samples t-test, post hoc tests, and Pearson correlation tests were used. Results: As the ages of the renal transplant recipients increased, their depression scores decreased, while their PTG scores increased. Higher depression levels were identified in the female participants compared to the male participants and in those with a low income compared to other income groups. The lowest PTG levels were found in the recipients who received their kidney transplants from third-degree relatives. Age, gender, economic status, and time of transplant were predictors of depression. The identity of the donor was the most significant predictor of PTG (62% explanation rate). A strong and inverse correlation was found between depression and PTG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Post-traumatic growth was found to decrease depression. However, while poor economic status led to depression, high economic status did not lead to a significant change in PTG. As education levels increased, PTG decreased, but education status did not have any significant effect on depression. On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between PTG and depression. The results obtained in this study are valuable and important in terms of understanding depression better and determining PTG as a significant factor that could alleviate it.

Relationship between maternal postpartum depression, fatigue, sleep quality and infant growth: A cross-sectional study.

Current research separately analyzed the connection between postpartum depression, fatigue, sleep and infant development. However, depression, fatigue and sleep quality often coexisted as adverse symptoms in postpartum women and influenced infant development together. This study explored the maternal postpartum symptoms on infant growth. Our study included 224 pairs of singleton full-term mothers and their infants who underwent routine pediatric outpatient clinics. Latent profile analysis was applied to identify the latent classes based on mothers' postpartum depression, fatigue and sleep profile characteristics. We evaluated the maternal adverse symptoms and infant development using multivariable logistic regressions. Totally, 224 pairs of eligible mothers (28.85 ± 4.43 years) and infants (30.93 ± 3.26 days) participated in this study. Latent profile analysis identified 3 latent groups: mild (58.04%), moderate (34.37%), and severe (7.59%) postpartum adverse symptoms. Postpartum adverse symptoms were associated with delayed development in the baby's motor level (χ2 = 6.572, p = .037) and weight-for-length (χ2 = 9.652, p = .008). After controlling for mother and infant related factors, postpartum adverse symptoms remained a risk factor for infant motor level (odds ratio [OR]: 4.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-15.08) and weight-for-length (OR: 5.53; 95% CI: 1.55-19.74). Maternal postpartum depression, fatigue and sleep quality are associated with infant development. Clinically, mothers with these symptoms should be intervened timely to avoid the aggravation of maternal symptoms, which affect baby's development.

The Association Between Changes in Body Mass Index and the Risk of Depression.

In recent years, the risk of depression has increased among young people, and changes in body mass index (BMI) during childhood may be important factors in their development. However, the relationship between changes in BMI during childhood and the risk of depression needs further research and exploration. The annual health examination data were collected from Physical Examination Center of Wuhan Mental Health Center Hospital, including 1226 students. The height and weight of students at the age of 11, 14, and 17 were recorded in sequence, and at 18 years old, these students were followed up according to the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) to evaluate the depression. The relationship between BMI trends and depression was analyzed through Logistic regression analysis. The growth trend of BMI was divided into normal growth, slow growth, and excessive growth. The odds ratio (OR) value for depression in the slow growth was 1.218 (95% CI, 0.995-1.493) compared to the normal growth, which was no significant difference (P = .056). The OR value for depression in the excessive growth was 1.982 (95% CI, 1.243-3.177) compared to the normal growth, which was significant difference (P = .003). The rapid growth of BMI is correlated with the occurrence of depression in young individuals and may be a contributing factor to the development of depression in this demographic.

Associations between maternal early pregnancy depression and longitudinal fetal growth

BackgroundThe impacts of maternal depression during mid-to-late pregnancy on fetal growth have been extensively investigated. However, the association between maternal depression during early pregnancy and fetal intrauterine growth are less clear. MethodsA prospective study comprised 23,465 eligible pregnant women and their offspring was conducted at a hospital-based center in Shanghai. Prenatal depression was assessed used using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) before 14 gestational weeks. Differences in fetal growth trajectory of different maternal depressive statuses during three periods (16–23, 24–31, and 32–41 gestational weeks) were compared using a multilevel model with fractional polynomials. ResultsWomen with depressive symptoms during early pregnancy had higher longitudinal fetal trajectories, with an estimated increase in fetal weight (β = 0.33; 95 % CI, 0.06–0.61), compared to those without depressive symptoms. Increases in fetal abdominal circumference among women with depressive symptoms were observed before 23 gestational weeks. Offspring born to mothers with early pregnancy depression had a significantly higher birth weight of 14.13 g (95 % CI, 1.33–27.81 g) and an increased risk of severe large size for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.64; 95 % CI, 1.32–2.04) and macrosomia (aOR, 1.21; 95 % CI, 1.02–1.43). LimitationsSelf-rated scale was used to assess depressive symptoms rather than clinical diagnosis. And Long-term effects of early pregnancy depression on offspring were not explored. ConclusionsThe study revealed an association between maternal depression during early pregnancy and increased fetal biometrics, higher birth weight, and an elevated risk of severe large size for gestational age and macrosomia.

The Valence-Dependent Activity of Colloidal Molecules as Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors.

Inspired by advances in cryopreservation techniques, which are essential for modern biomedical applications, there is a special interest in the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) of the antifreeze protein (AFPs) mimics. There are in-depth studies on synthetic materials mimicking AFPs, from simple molecular structure levels to complex self-assemblies. Herein, we report the valence-dependent IRI activity of colloidal organic molecules (CMs). The CMs were prepared through polymerization-induced particle-assembly (PIPA) of the ABC-type triblock terpolymer of poly(acryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride)-b-poly(benzyl acrylate)-b-poly(diacetone acrylamide) (PATAC-b-PBzA-b-PDAAM) at high monomer conversions. Stabilized by the cationic block of PATAC, the strong intermolecular H-bonding and incompatibility of the PDAAM block with PBzA contributed to the in situ formation of Janus particles (AX1) beyond the initial spherical seed particles (AX0), as well as the high valency clusters of linear AX2 and trigonal AX3. Their distribution was controlled mainly by the polymerization degrees (DPs) of PATAC and PDAAM blocks. IRI activity results of the CMs suggest that the higher fraction of AX1 results in the better IRI activity. Increasing the fraction of AX1 from 27% to 65% led to a decrease of the mean grain size from 39.8% to 10.9% and a depressed growth rate of ice crystals by 58%. Moreover, by replacing the PDAAM block with the temperature-responsive one of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), temperature-adjustable IRI activity was observed, which is well related to the reversible transition of AX0 to AX1, providing a new idea for the molecular design of amphiphilic polymer nanoparticle-based IRI activity materials.

Developmental relations between depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents: A latent change score modeling study

Currently, there is a high incidence of depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents which has serious adverse effects on the adolescent's physical and mental health. This study evaluated developmental relations between depression and suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents. We conducted a three-wave longitudinal study with 1214 participants over one year. Latent change score analysis was employed to examine the univariate and bivariate changes of depression and suicidal ideation. Univariate models indicated a slow increase in both depression and suicidal ideation over time. Bivariate models indicated previous levels of suicidal ideation were positively linked to the subsequent depression growth, but the reverse relation was not found. Our findings contribute to the literature by suggesting a change pattern of suicidal ideation and depression among Chinese adolescents.

P-477 Associations between maternal early pregnancy depression and longitudinal fetal growth

Abstract Study question Does maternal depression during early pregnancy affect fetal growth? Summary answer Maternal depression during early pregnancy is associated with increased fetal biometrics, higher birth weight, and also an elevated risk of macrosomia. What is known already Prenatal depression, a prevalent psychological condition occurring during pregnancy, affects approximately 7% to 25% of pregnant women. According to the developmental origins of health and disease theory, intrauterine adverse exposure, such as malnutrition and prenatal depression, may exert long-term effects by altering placental function and epigenetic modification. Growing evidence from epidemiologic studies has shown that maternal depression during mid-to-late stages of pregnancy may be associated with reduced fetal growth. However, the effect of depression may vary depending on the timing of intrauterine exposure. For early pregnancy depression, there is a limited number of studies examining its association with fetal growth. Study design, size, duration Prospective evaluation of the associations of maternal depression during early pregnancy with fetal growth and neonatal outcomes in 23,465 mothers. The study was conducted at a hospital-based center in Shanghai, China. The mothers were enrolled between March 2019 to April 2022. Participants/materials, setting, methods The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to screen for prenatal depression before 14 weeks’ gestational weeks. Fetal ultrasound parameters, including abdominal circumference(AC), head circumference(HC), femur length(FL),and humerus length(HL), along with birth outcomes were obtained from medical records. Estimated fetal weight(EFW) was calculated using the Hadlock formula. Differences in fetal growth trajectory of different maternal depressive statuses during three periods (16-23, 24-31, and 32-41 gestational weeks) were compared using a multilevel model with fractional polynomials. Main results and the role of chance In this prospective cohort study, maternal depressive symptoms affected 20402(13%) pregnant women during early pregnancy. Overall, compared to women without depressive symptoms, those with depressive symptoms during early pregnancy had higher longitudinal fetal trajectories, with an estimated increase in EFW (β = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.06-0.61), AC (β = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.29), HL (β = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.05-0.23), FL (β = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03-0.25) and HL(β = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.27). Stratified by different gestational periods, the increments in HC (β = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.06-0.26), HL (β = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11-0.38) and EFW (β = 0.60; 95% CI, 025-0.96) of women with depressive symptoms commenced after 32 weeks of gestational age and FL started after 24 gestational weeks (β = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.06-0.42 [24-31 weeks] and β = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07-0.31 [32-41 weeks]). Notably, increases in AC among women with depressive symptoms were observed during 16-23 gestational weeks (β = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.04-0.39). What’s more, offspring born to mothers with early pregnancy depression had a significantly higher birth weight of 14.13g (95% CI, 1.33-27.81 g) and an increased risk of macrosomia (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.43). Limitations, reasons for caution A self-reported scale was used to assess the mental status of pariticipants, potentially introducing measurement bias. What’s more, long-term effects of early pregnancy depression on offspring were not explored due to the limited duration of follow-up thus far. Wider implications of the findings It may be necessary to reconsider the timing of prenatal depression screening and implement preventive measures during early pregnancy to mitigate excessive fetal growth. Further studies are warranted to validate the findings and supplement more biological evidence. Trial registration number not applicable

The contribution of chronic peer victimization in elementary school to depressive symptoms in adolescence

AbstractThroughout his career, John Schulenberg challenged us to understand adolescent development as the confluence of distal and proximal experiences along with critical transitions. Heeding this call, we examined whether chronic childhood peer victimization predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms via early‐emerging depression growth trajectories, continued victimization into adolescence, and stress‐amplification at the middle school transition. Self‐reported depressive symptoms and teacher‐reported and self‐reported peer victimization were obtained from 636 youth (338 girls; Mage = 7.96 years, 66.7% White, 21.7% Black, 11.6% other) in the 2nd–9th grades. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that, by 7th grade, chronic childhood peer victimization was associated with depressive symptoms only through an indirect association with peer victimization in adolescence, underscoring how interrelated historical and ongoing interpersonal stressors contribute to adolescent psychopathology.

Features of the use of art therapy in working with members of military families

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the use of art therapy in working with members of military families. The concepts of art therapy, social adaptation, and coping resources are characterized. The concept of grief and its course during war, in particular when a loved one is lost in war, is defined. The results of an empirical study on the severity of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth of women who lost relatives in the war are presented. The art therapy technique "Painting grief" is characterized. The purpose of this article is to determine the possibilities of using art therapy in working with military family members. The tasks of the article are to define the concept of grief and its course during war, in particular when a loved one is lost in war; analysis of the results of an empirical study on the severity of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth of women who lost relatives in the war, an outline of the possibilities of implementing the art therapy technique "Painting grief". To achieve the goals of the study, we used the following methods: Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) Post-traumatic growth questionnaire (PGI). The hospital scale of anxiety and depression is designed to assess the severity of depression and anxiety in the conditions of general medical practice, contains 14 items, each of which corresponds to 4 options of answers that reflect the degree of increase in the corresponding symptomatology: normal, borderline state, moderately expressed anxiety/depression, severe form of anxiety /depression. Questionnaire of post-traumatic growth (R. Tadeshi and L. Calhoun) contains 21 statements with six possible answer options that form five scales: attitude to others, new opportunities, personal strength, spiritual changes, increased value life, as well as the general index of post-traumatic growth. According to the HADS method, subclinically expressed depression, the so-called borderline state, was detected, however, in the case of the death of a loved one in the war, relatives feel moderately expressed anxiety, while after death from diseases or simply death in civilian life, relatives note the absence of reliably expressed symptoms. Personal growth means the feeling that after a loss a person has become more merciful, tolerant towards himself and others, learned to forgive himself and the people around him, and look optimistically at the future. Although the loss of a loved one is a natural life event experienced by all people, it is also one of the most difficult experiences in a person's life. For many people, the loss of a loved one is accompanied by an intense emotional and devastating period. Experiencing the death of a loved one causes great stress both because of the loss and because of the encounter with mortality. Numerous stressors also occur when a bereaved person attends various events and services that are not normally included in the routine of daily life, including memorial services in a church. Many bereaved people find a path that leads to the restoration of a relatively normal life. However, some people do not cope effectively with loss. They experience grief very emotionally, often denying the fact of loss, trying to avoid reminders of death and helplessly focusing on the nagging waves of painful emotions. One of the effective methods of dealing with grief is art therapy.

A latent classes analysis to detect cognitive and emotional profiles in cancer patients.

Thought style has been described as a mediator between cancer diagnosis and the emotional response to cancer. Describe the latent profiles related to thought style (rumination, cognitive engagement, and cognitive avoidance) and emotional response in a sample of cancer patients. 159 cancer patients were assessed prior to starting treatment. Measurement instruments used were HADS, Cancer response thought style inventory, distress thermometer, and PTGI. Analysis of latent classes to explore profiles of who share the same thought style. The solution had 4 subgroups: first group was avoidance, the means for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth were the lowest of the four groups. The second group was rumination, presenting highest scores for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth. The third group was indeterminate, this group presented low anxiety and depression. The fourth group, with cognitive engagement presented low anxiety and depression and post-traumatic growth was high.

MRI manifestations of 40 cases with the hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma classification based on the morphology and size

Objective: To explore the MRI characteristics of the hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) classification according to morphology and size. Methods: The clinical, pathological, and MRI imaging data of 40 cases with HEHE confirmed pathologically from December 2009 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A paired sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Results: There were 40 cases (5 solitary, 24 multifocal, 9 local fusion, and 2 diffuse fusion) and 214 lesions (163 nodules, 31 masses, and 20 fusion foci). The most common features of lesions were subcapsular growth and capsular depression. The signal intensity of lesions ≤1cm was usually uniform with whole or ring enhancement. Nodules and mass-like lesions ≥1cm on a T1-weighted image had slightly reduced signal intensity or manifested as a halo sign. Target signs on a T2-weighted image were characterized by: target or centripetal enhancement; fusion-type lesions; irregular growth and hepatic capsular retraction, with ring or target-like enhancement in the early stage of fusion and patchy irregular enhancement in the late stage; blood vessels traversing or accompanied by malformed blood vessels; focal bleeding; an increasing proportion of extrahepatic metastases and abnormal liver function with the type of classified manifestation; primarily portal vein branches traversing; and reduced overall intralesional bleeding rate (17%). Lollipop signs were presented in 19 cases, with a high expression rate in mass-type lesions (42%). The fusion lesions were expressed, but the morphological manifestation was atypical. The diffusion-weighted imaging mostly showed high signal or target-like high signal. An average apparent diffusion coefficient of lesions was (1.56±0.36) ×10(-3)mm(2)/s, which was statistically significantly different compared with that of adjacent normal liver parenchyma (t=8.28, P<0.001). Conclusion: The MRI manifestations for the HEHE classification are closely related to the morphology and size of the lesions and have certain differences and characteristics that are helpful for the diagnosis of the disease when combined with clinical and laboratory examinations.

The negative mycorrhizal growth response of host plants to Acaulospora cf. morrowiae irrespective of soil P availability

Acaulospora is one of the dominant genera of AMF associated with waterlogged vegetation, and its dominance was also revealed in the roots of a lowland rice variety indigenous to Southern Thailand. In a preliminary finding, the isolated Acaulospora showed growth suppression of lowland japonica Nipponbare rice, even in high phosphorus (P) soil. The isolated Acaulospora was identified to species level and assigned as Acaulospora cf. morrowiae Phattalung 1. The mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) of an upland indica rice and maize to A. cf. morrowiae was further tested under low and high P conditions. AMF colonization rates were high, over 70%, in both cases, with perfect arbuscule and vesicle formation; however, growth depression of the host plants was markedly observed. Reduced nutrient accumulation in both shoots and roots of host plants was noted, as depicted by nutrient profiling. To further substantiate the negative MGR to inoculation of A. cf. morrowiae, a standardized in vivo bioassay was performed using maize seedlings in a sand and perlite mixture, ensuring low P with 20 mg kg−1 P in the form of insoluble CaH2PO4. Shoot and root growth of maize seedlings were reduced at 23.7 and 36.1%, respectively, by the inoculation of AMF. The nutrient-parasitic nature of this AMF results from unproportioned drainage of photosynthates, indicating an unbalanced primary/nutrient trade-off system between symbionts. The overall associative merits or demerits of A. cf. morrowiae cannot be ruled out without thorough investigations considering several ecological perspectives and its fitter survival and dominance in waterlogged soils.

Properties of the modified self-forgiveness dual-process scale in populations at risk for moral injury.

Despite theory suggesting that self-forgiveness facilitates recovery from moral injury, no measure of self-forgiveness has been validated with individuals exposed to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). Military veterans, healthcare workers, and first responders who reported PMIE exposure (n=924) completed the Self-Forgiveness Dual-Process Scale, which assesses two dimensions of the self-forgiveness process. The first dimension, value affirmation, refers to appraising personal responsibility and being willing to make amends for one's involvement in a PMIE. The second dimension, esteem restoration, refers to accepting oneself as valuable and capable of growth despite one's failures and imperfections. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses replicated the original scale's two-factor structure in 10 items modified to apply to the diverse contexts in which PMIEs occur. Next, we found that the factor structure, item loadings, and item intercepts were fully or partially invariant across professions, genders, races, ages, and religious affiliations in a series of Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Finally, diverging patterns of associations between value affirmation and esteem restoration with moral distress, posttraumatic stress, depression, insomnia, functional impairment, and posttraumatic growth provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity between the subscales. The modified self-forgiveness dual process scale is the first measure of self-forgiveness to be validated with individuals exposed to a PMIE. Researchers and clinicians can use the scale to examine how self-forgiveness (or difficulties with forgiving oneself) relates to moral injury.

Thermal stabilities of CH4 and CO2 hydrates in quartz sands and modeling

Forming an impermeable hydrate bearing layer is a novel path to prevent CO2 leakage during marine carbon storage. To make an accurate description of the formation of impermeable hydrate bearing layer, the equilibria of CH4 and CO2 hydrates in quartz sands were measured in a temperature range from 273 to 283 K using isochoric pressure search method and HP-μDSC. The influence of particle size from 0.025 to 0.3 mm and water saturation from 5 to 30 % on the hydrate equilibrium were analyzed. Based on the typical hydrate equilibrium model, van Genuchten model was employed to describe the capillary effect. Results showed that particle size had negligible effect on the equilibria of CH4 and CO2 hydrates, but a decrease in water saturation was found to lead an exponential growth in temperature depression. As the water saturation reduced down to 10 % and below, the temperature depression surged from about 0.1 up to 0.89 K in maximum. The dissociation enthalpies of CH4 and CO2 hydrates were determined as 56.01 ± 1.29 and 64.98 ± 1.90 kJ/mol respectively. The reduction of water saturation from 30 to 5 % was found to enhance the dissociation enthalpy for CH4 hydrate, but no similar effect was observed for CO2 hydrate.