Depression In Breast Cancer Patients Research Articles

Global research trends in palliative care for breast cancer from 2012 to 2022: A scientometric analysis.

We used bibliometric methods to evaluate the global scientific output of palliative care breast cancer research and to explore the current status and further research directions in the field over the past decade. All relevant publications from the year 2012 to 2022 were retrieved from Web of Science. We applied VOSviewer and Bibliometrix R v4.2.1 to obtain information on subject domains, annual publication output and citations, countries and authors with the highest productivity, influential journals and articles, and popular keywords. In total, 1529 publications were included in the final analysis. Health services and supportive care, pain and symptom management were the focus of the research in the field. From the year 2017 to 2021, the annual publication output was abundant and peaked in 2018. The systematic review by Fitzmaurice etal. in 2017 was the most-cited publication. The United States was the leading country with the maximum number of publications, citations, and link strengths with other countries. The most contributing institution was University of Toronto. E. Bruera was the most prolific author, ranking first among the authors in both the H and M index. The journal with the most publications was Palliative & Supportive Care. Keywords analysis indicated that exploring the significant degree of palliative care to reduce anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients may be a good research direction. In addition, how to assess the optimal timing of palliative care interventions and further exploring the specific contradiction between insufficient medical resources and palliative care are also possible research directions. Palliative care plays an important role in the treatment of breast cancer. With the help of a scientometric analysis in this field, researchers can clarify the current research status and hotspots worth fully exploring.

Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Caregiver Burden In Breast Cancer Patients: The Mediating Role of Anxiety and Depression.

A total of 236 breast cancer patients from China completed the Chinese Version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (PSS), the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Chinese version of the General Anxiety Symptoms Scale (GAD-7). In addition, caregivers of these breast cancer patients were surveyed by the Caregiver Self-Assessment Questionnaire (CSAQ). Structural equation model showed that our model fitted well [χ2 /df = 1.966, TLI = 0.959, CFI = 0.994, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.065 (0-0.12)] and revealed that anxiety, but not depression, mediated the relationship between PTSS in breast cancer patients and caregiver burden. The level of PTSS was positively correlated with anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients, and the level of anxiety and depression was positively related to caregiver burden. The PTSS of patients positively predicted caregiver burden and this relationship appears to be mediated by the patient's anxiety.

Side Effects of Endocrine Therapy Are Associated With Depression and Anxiety in Breast Cancer Patients Accepting Endocrine Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study in China.

ObjectiveHormone positive breast cancer patients bear side effects of endocrine therapy and that may be related to depression and anxiety. We sought to find an association between mental health and side effects of endocrine therapy.MethodsA total of 398 patients participated. Sociodemographic, disease profile, and side effects questionnaires were administered. We screened for depressive and anxiety disorders by using the SDS (Self-Rating Depression Scale) and SAS (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale).ResultsThe prevalence of depression and anxiety in our study were 33.4% (133) and 13.3% (53), respectively. Depression was linked to education level (≤8 years, OR = 3.59, 95% CI: 2.22–5.78), night sweats (yes, OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.17–3.09), vaginal dryness (yes, OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.19–4.16), and fatigue (yes, OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.21–3.11); anxiety was associated with education level (≤8 years, OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.62–6.08), time to diagnosis (≤ 3 years, OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.13–4.07), osteopenia (yes, OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.26–4.70), loss of hair (yes, OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.10–7.15), and fatigue (yes, OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.54–5.43). A stratified analysis according to age (≤45 years and > 45 years) was performed as an exploratory. None of factor-age interactions was statistically significant.ConclusionSide effects of endocrine therapy were significantly associated with anxiety and depression. Side effects deserve greater emphasis and clinical interventions are needed to reduce anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients accepting ET.

Network connectivity between fear of cancer recurrence, anxiety, and depression in breast cancer patients

BackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR), anxiety, and depression are common psychological disturbances that frequently occur together among cancer patients. This study investigated network connectivity between FCR, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in a large representative sample of breast cancer patients. MethodsThis was a multicenter, cross-sectional study of 803 women with breast cancer. All participants completed the 4-item FCR scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Network analysis was conducted to investigate the network structure, central symptoms, bridge symptoms, and network stability of these disturbances. ResultsThe generated network model indicated that anxiety and depression symptom communities were well-connected with each other, while FCR emerged as a distinct cluster with only a few weak links to anxiety and depression communities. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were more central than FCR symptoms were in the model. ‘Having trouble relaxing’ (#GAD4, strength = 1.147) was the most central node within the whole network, and ‘strong feelings about recurrence’ (#FCR4, strength = 0.531) was the least central node. Several anxiety symptoms (e.g., ‘feeling afraid’, ‘uncontrollable worry’, and ‘restlessness’) acted as important bridging symptoms connecting FCR, depression and anxiety communities. ‘Uncontrollable worry’ (#GAD2) had the highest node-specific predictive betweenness value. The network stability of this model was high. ConclusionDepression and anxiety symptoms are highly interactive with each other among women with breast cancer. Conversely, FCR may have attenuated relations with anxiety and depression communities and emerged as a relatively independent, unique experience. Anxiety symptoms, particularly ‘uncontrollable worry’, acted as important trans-diagnostic symptoms that connected different communities. Findings suggested interventions to alleviate excessive worries and enhance feelings of personal control might be helpful in preventing or reducing related symptoms of FCR, anxiety and depression.

Characterization of Depressive Symptoms Trajectories After Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Women in France

Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment expose patients to a 5-fold higher risk of depression compared with the general population, with an estimated prevalence of 10% to 25%. A depressive episode in patients with BC has implications for the tolerance of and adherence to treatment, impairing quality of life and reducing life expectancy. To identify and characterize distinct longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms in patients with BC from diagnosis to 3 years after treatment. The CANTO-DEePRESS (Deeper in the Understanding and Prevention of Depression in Breast Cancer Patients) cohort study included women in the French multicenter CANTO (CANcer TOxicities) cohort study (conducted between March 20, 2012 and December 11, 2018), who were 18 years or older with invasive stage I to III BC and no previous BC treatment. The study aimed to characterize toxicities over a 5-year period following stage I to III primary BC treatment. Assessments of depressive symptoms were performed on a subset of patients with available data at diagnosis and at least 2 other time points. All data were extracted from the CANTO database on October 1, 2020. The primary outcome was the level of depressive symptoms at each assessment time point measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and depression subscale at BC diagnosis and at 3 to 6, 12, and 36 months after the end of treatment. The group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify trajectory groups, and multinomial logistic regression models were used to characterize the following factors associated with trajectory group affiliation: demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, lifestyle, and quality-of-life data. A total of 4803 women (mean [SD] age, 56.2 [11.2] years; 2441 patients [50.8%] with stage I BC) were included in the study. Six trajectory groups that described the heterogeneity in the expression of depressive symptoms were identified: noncases with no expression of symptoms (n = 2634 [54.8%]), intermediate worsening (1076 [22.4%]), intermediate improvement (480 [10.0%]), remission (261 [5.4%]), delayed occurrence (200 [4.2%]), and stable depression (152 [3.2%]). HADS-D scores at diagnosis were consistently associated with the 5 depressive trajectory group affiliations, with an estimated higher probability per point increase of experiencing subthreshold or clinically significant depressive symptoms between diagnosis and the 3 years after the end of BC treatment. The higher probabilities ranged from 1.49 (95% CI, 1.43-1.54) for the intermediate worsening group to 10.53 (95% CI, 8.84-12.55) for the stable depression group. Trajectory groups with depressive symptoms differed from the noncases group without symptoms by demographic and clinical factors, such as having dependent children, lower household income, cancer stage, family history of BC, previous psychiatric hospitalizations, obesity, smoking status, higher levels of fatigue, and depression at diagnosis. In this cohort study, nearly a third of patients with BC experienced temporary or lasting significant depressive symptoms during and after treatment. Improving early identification of women at risk of developing long-term or delayed depression is therefore critical to increase quality of life and overall survival. Subjected to validation, this study is an important first step toward personalized care of patients with BC at risk of depression.

Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Association between Diet and Depressive Symptoms in Breast Cancer.

Little is known about the relationship between diet and depression through the gut microbiota among breast cancer patients. This study aimed to examine the dietary intake differences between depressed breast cancer (DBC) and non-depressed breast cancer (NBC) patients, and whether the differences could lead to gut microbiota changes that affect depressive symptoms. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and 24 h dietary recall. Fecal samples of 18 DBC patients and 37 NBC patients were collected for next-generation sequencing. A total of 60 out of 205 breast cancer patients reported significant depressive symptoms suggested by a CES-D score ≥ 16, which might be related to lower intakes of energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B2, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, selenium, manganese and tryptophan, and a poor diet quality indicated by a lower total Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) score. Additionally, NBC patients demonstrated greater gut microbiota diversity and a healthier composition, in which the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella were both lower than in the DBC patients (p < 0.05). Alpha diversity was a significant mediator between diet quality and depression, while calcium, phosphorus and selenium significantly regulated depression independent of the gut microbiota. Breast cancer-related depressive symptoms might be associated with a poor diet quality via gut microbiota-dependent pathways and lower micronutrient intake via microbiota-independent pathways.

Factors that Influence the Incidence of Depression in Breast Cancer Patients

The prevalence of psychological distress in breast cancer patients is high, and they are at higher risk of experiencing severe anxiety, depression, and potential mood disorders. Depression that occurs in breast cancer patients is influenced by several factors. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of depression in breast cancer patients. The population of this study were all breast cancer patients in the outpatient clinic for oncology surgery and inpatient building A Zone A 2 nd floor at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta, the sample in this study was 102 respondents. The research design used in this study was cross-sectional. The measuring instrument used to measure the incidence of depression is to use depression screening tools in accordance with those used at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta. Items assessing socio-demography, physical symptom burden, social support, and medical and medication history, with complementary medical record reviews, were used to assess variables potentially associated with depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. The incidence of depression in breast cancer patients was dominated by the group of respondents who did not experience depression as many as 57 people (55.9%), compared to the group of respondents who experienced depression as many as 45 people (44.1%). The results of the logistic regression showed that there was only family support variable which had a p = 0.002 &lt; 0.005, meaning that family support was the most influential variable on the incidence of depression in breast cancer patients. It is recommended to reduce the incidence of depression, namely nurses should facilitate adequate family support for breast cancer patients to reduce the incidence of depression.

Nghiên cứu tỷ lệ trầm cảm và đánh giá kiến thức, nhu cầu, yếu tố tâm lý xã hội của bệnh nhân ung thư vú về phẫu thuật tái tạo sau cắt bỏ vú tại thành phố Huế

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in Vietnam. Breast cancer patients are prone to psychological disorders and have a great need for reconstructive surgical methods. Study objectives: 1) Find out the prevalence of depression and related factors; 2) Assess knowledge and needs for breast reconstruction; 3) Describe the psychosocial factors influencing decision of breast reconstruction of research subjects. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study. The PHQ-9 scale was used to assess depression. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify related factors. Results: With 151 breast cancer patients participating in the study, the depression proportion was 61.6% while 71.5% of subjects have never known about breast reconstruction surgery, and only 10.6% of patients have good general knowledge. The proportion of respondents in need of reconstruction was 21.2%. Multivariate regression analysis determined the relationship between the prevalence of depression and the economic status of poor/near poor households, stages III and IV of the disease, and fear of illness. Conclusion: The rate of depression in breast cancer patients is quite high and a large proportion of patients need reconstructive surgery. Caregivers for cancer patients and health care providers should provide information and options regarding breast reconstruction in order to prevent and reduce patients’ psychological disorders.

HTR1A Inhibits the Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via TGF-β Canonical and Noncanonical Pathways.

Triple‐negative breast cancer is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and the incidence of depression in breast cancer patients is high, which leading to worse survival and increased risk of recurrence. The effect of antidepressants on breast cancer patients remains contradictory, which might be due to variations in antidepression targets. Therefore, there is significant value to explore the antitumor potential of antidepressants and discover new therapeutic targets for breast patients. The authors screen antidepressant‐related oncogenes or suppressors by using siRNAs. After combining functional experiments with online database analysis, 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A is selected with antitumor potential in breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. RNA‐seq analysis and coimmunoprecipitation assays indicate that HTR1A interacts with TRIM21 and PSMD7 to inhibit the degradation of TβRII through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, thereby inhibiting the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) canonical and noncanonical pathway. In addition, HTR1A is an independent predictive factor for breast cancer patients. The combined treatment of HTR1A agonists with demethylation drugs may significantly improve patient survival. It is of great significance to clarify the function and mechanism of the depression‐related gene HTR1A in breast cancer, which might provide a new approach for triple‐negative breast cancer patients.

Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study

BACKROUND: The early management for distress, depression, and anxiety in breast cancer patients can help improves quality of life that adherence patients to cancer treatment. AIM: This study aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression symptomatology of breast cancer patients in the inpatients and outpatient settings. METHODS: This study used a research and development study design. The study was conducted in at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo the Medical Oncology Clinic in Pristina from August to October 2021. The total sample in this study consisted of 50 female breast cancer patients diagnosed at least 6 months before the date of assessment, aged 18 and above, able to communicate in Albanian, signed an informed consent form, negative history of other malignancies, and absence of any temporary acute illness affecting psychological well-being while filling the questionnaire. Questionnaire used in our study is Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for assessing anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients. RESULTS: For anxiety score, some of them were caseness level with 82%, while 26% of study participants were in borderline, 6% in caseness, and some of them were in normal level from 68% on the depression score. The patients feel tense or wound up with 44% Mean/SD (14.67 ± 6.02), about feeling afraid that something terrible will happen and patients may have this feel Mean/SD (13 ± 1.66). Over half of them had the feeling of fear as if something awful is about to happen Mean/SD (11.33 ± 4.03) and that the feeling of fear as if they had “butterflies” in the stomach of 62% had the feeling sometimes, beautiful often, and very often Mean/SD (10.33 ± 4.92). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is very important to measure the level of anxiety and depression in women with breast cancer, which are two common mental disorders in breast cancer.

Analysis of the Status and Influencing Factors of Postoperative Depression in Breast Cancer Patients

Analysis of the Status and Influencing Factors of Postoperative Depression in Breast Cancer Patients

Symptom status, body perception, and risk of anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients receiving paclitaxel: a prospective longitudinal study.

BackgroundPaclitaxel regimen which is widely used in clinical treatment causes many negative physical and psychological consequences on women with breast cancer (BC). This longitudinal study firstly aimed to investigate symptom status, body perception changes, and the risk of anxiety and depression in BC patients receiving during paclitaxel regimen.Materials and methodsThis descriptive and prospective study was conducted with 84 BC patients receiving paclitaxel regimen. “Chemotherapy Symptom Assessment Scale (C-SAS),” “Body Perception Scale (BPS),” and “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)” were applied at five time points (T1, before the first Paclitaxel infusion; T2, at the end of first cycle; T3, at the end of fourth cycle; T4, at the end of eighth cycle; T5, at the end of twelfth cycle). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cochrane Q, and linear mix model regression analysis.ResultsThe frequency of needling and numbness in hands and feet, pain, and skin or nail changes significantly increased in the subsequent assessment points (T2, T3, T4, and T5) compared to the initial assessment (T1) (p < 0.05). The mean scores of BPS significantly decreased at T2, T4, and T5 compared to T1 (F = 8.152, p < 0.001). The mean scores of the anxiety subscale of the HADS scale decreased at the T3, T4, and T5 compared to T1 (F = 6.865, p < 0.001), and the mean scores of the depression subscale significantly increased at the T5 compared to T1 (F = 3.708, p = 0.006).ConclusionsThe oncology nurse should comprehensively evaluate the patients who scheduled to receive paclitaxel treatment, and provide counseling to the patients during these specific weeks. Better management of the symptoms that increase with the paclitaxel regimen with repeated interviews under the supervision of the nurse will also prevent the deterioration of body perception. In addition, since the risk of depression increases over time in patients receiving paclitaxel, nurses should periodically screen the risk of depression, and timely consult the patients for the appropriate support.

Drawing Test Form for Depression: The Development of Drawing Tests for Predicting Depression Among Breast Cancer Patients.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to develop a drawing test form and it’s scoring system for measuring depressive symptoms of breast cancer patients. MethodsWe enrolled 95 breast cancer patients in this study which was conducted from September 2016 to May 2018. First, we observed items of the Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS) which were significantly different between patients with and without depression, and also we reviewed previous studies on the drawing style of Korean women with depression. Second, we developed the Drawing Test Form for Depression (DTF-D) by composition of those drawing styles observed significant items in previous literatures and formative elements of DDS which was significantly different between depressed and non-depressed group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to define the appropriate score of the DTF-D in accordance with the depression measured with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score >9. ResultsWe developed the DTF-D by compositing 8 items including Harmony, Tilt, Symbol, Space utilization, Surrounded, Description, Pen pressure, and Quality of line. The ROC analysis revealed the optimal cut-off score of 7 points of DTF-D in accordance with the clinical depression (PHQ-9 score >9) with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve showed good discrimination (0.82), sensitivity (0.85), and specificity (0.64). ConclusionThe DTF-D is expected to serve as an evaluative projective drawing test from for identifying depression in breast cancer patients.

Factors Associated With Depression in Breast Cancer Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Depressive symptoms in Arab women with breast cancer (AWBC) in Saudi Arabia can be influenced by spirituality, religiosity, social support, and breast cancer's stigma. Understanding the role of these factors can raise awareness and help create policies to improve care for breast cancer patients. Yet, there is limited research addressing the impact of these factors on depressive symptoms in AWBC. The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing depressive symptoms in AWBC in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional design and convenience sampling were used to recruit 59 AWBC from oncology departments in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, who were receiving active treatment to participate in this study. Participants completed an online survey or paper-based survey including questions on sociodemographics, social support, spirituality, religiosity, depressive symptoms, and breast cancer's stigma. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the influence of numerous factors on depressive symptoms in AWBC; Student t test statistic was used to distinguish the depressive symptom scores between online and paper-based survey. The average age of participants was 49 years (SD = 8.31). The mean (SD) of depressive symptoms was 20.52 (12.36). Pearson correlation analyses indicated that cancer patients with high levels of depressive symptoms were associated with low levels of spiritualty and religiosity, and high levels of breast cancer stigma. Religiosity and spirituality work as protective factors against depressive symptoms in AWBC. Including religiosity and spirituality in the intervention plan should be considered when caring for AWBC.

Clinical and genetic factors associated with anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDespite the progress in assessment and treatment of breast cancer, being diagnosed with it or receiving chemotherapy treatment is still conceived as a traumatic experience. Women develop negative thoughts about life and death with detrimental effects on their daily physical functioning/activities, emotional state and overall quality of life. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of anxiety and depression among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and explore the correlation between these psychological disorders, clinical, sociodemographic and genetic factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among breast cancer patients undergoing intravenous chemotherapy at the oncology outpatient unit of Hôtel-Dieu de France hospital (November 2017–June 2019; Ethical approval number: CEHDF1016). All patients gave their written informed consent and completed several validated scales, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) for the assessment of anxiety and depression. Sleep quality, insomnia, cognitive function, fatigue and pain were also evaluated. Genotyping for certain gene polymorphisms (CLOCK, PER2, CRY2, OPRM1, ABCB1, COMT, DRD2) was performed using the Lightcycler® (Roche).ResultsA total of 112 women was included. The prevalence of depression was 43.4%, and 56.2% of the patients reported anxiety (based on the HADS classification). Multivariable analysis showed that higher cognitive scores and taking fosaprepitant were significantly associated with lower depression and anxiety scores. Moreover, being married compared to single was also associated with lower depression scores, whereas higher PSQI scores (worse sleep quality) and having the PER2 AA variant genotype compared to GG were significantly associated with higher depression scores. Finally, reporting a more severe insomnia and having the COMT Met/Met genotype were significantly associated with a higher anxiety score.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated a strong relationship between depression scores and cognitive impairment, sleep quality, marital status, fosaprepitant intake, and PER2 polymorphism, while anxiety scores were correlated to cognitive impairment, insomnia severity, fosaprepitant intake, and COMT polymorphism. The association with PER polymorphism was not previously reported. Identification of genetic and clinical risk factors for anxiety and depression would help clinicians implement an individualized management therapy aiming at preventing and alleviating the burden of these symptoms in breast cancer patients, hence improving their overall quality of life.

Depression and Fatigue of Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy during the Covid-19

Depression in breast cancer patients includes mental shock, inability to accept reality, hopelessness, fear of death, and fear of the future. Depression creates long periods of sadness and worry, usually accompanied by feelings of worthlessness. Fatigue is a symptom that often appears in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Associated with the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients have an increased risk of transmitting COVID-19 because they have decreased endurance. This study aims to determine the relationship between depression and fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Hospital Sultan Agung Semarang Indonesia. The instruments used in this study were questionnaire of the hospitals anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and questionnaire of fatigue, 30 female respondents who suffer from breast cancer and have undergone chemotherapy. Rank Spearman data analysis. P value = 0.000 and correlation coefficient value r = 0.671. There is a relationship between depression and fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy which has an impact on adherence to chemotherapy for breast cancer patients. The higher the level of depression is, the more severe the level of fatigue in cancer patients.

Do COVID-19–Related Treatment Changes Influence Fear of Cancer Recurrence, Anxiety, and Depression in Breast Cancer Patients?

The worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the treatment of cancer patients. Treatment changes can negatively affect patients' prognosis and may be psychologically burdensome. The aim of this study was to explore whether COVID-19-related treatment changes (delays, cancellations, changes) influenced fear of cancer recurrence, anxiety, and depression in breast cancer patients. A convenience sample (n = 154) of patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer no longer than 2 years ago was obtained from an online community and social network site. The survey content included COVID-19-related treatment experiences and psychological status. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2 test, independent t test, and analysis of variance. Twenty-nine patients (18.8%) had experienced COVID-19-related treatment changes, and changes of the treatment plan had a significant correlation with depression (t = 2.000, P = .047). Fear of cancer recurrence was high (mean score, 84.31 ± 24.23). Fifteen percent had moderate to severe levels of anxiety, and 24.7% had moderate to severe levels of depression. Narrative reports also identified COVID-19-related unforeseen costs. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, breast cancer patients experienced treatment changes, and changes in treatment plans were significantly associated with depression. Fear of recurrence, anxiety, and depression were found at high levels. Oncology nurses should assess the psychological status of cancer patients in the early survivorship phase who appear to be especially vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Oncology nurses can also monitor whether patients are receiving timely supportive care to alleviate fears and anxiety and assess financial needs for COVID-19-related costs.

Efektifitas Musik Nature sounds dan Dzikir Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Depresi Pasien Kanker Payudara

Depression is one of the psychological responses experienced by breast cancer patients. One of the actions to reduce the psychological impact of breast cancer patients is with music therapy. Music effects can calm the soul, provide comfort, calm, so that arises a sense of enthusiasm and positive thoughts. The music used in this study is nature sounds. This music is very close to the environment and each individual recognizes the sounds of nature so that it is more easily and efficiently applied. Natural sound music with a combination of dzikir can be used as an alternative therapy to improve the mental status of breast cancer patients who experience depression. This study aims to determine the effect of combination therapy of nature sound and dhikr on the level of depression in breast cancer patients. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental approach with a pre-equivalent non-equivalent without control group approach, to see differences in the average level of depression before and after giving a combination of music therapy and dhikr. Giving music therapy is given with a rhythm of 60-80 bpm, stable, low frequency and relaxing melody has been done 2 times a week. The data was processed with SPSS statistical software version 20.0 with normality test and paired t test. The results showed that the majority of patients aged 36-45 years (46.7%) and undergoing 3rd cycle chemotherapy (33.3%). Natural sound music therapy and dzikir significant to reduce depression scores with p value = 0.001. In conclusion, this study proves that nature sounds music therapy effectively to reduce depression scores in breast cancer patients

The effects of art therapy on anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients: An updated meta-analysis.

In this meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the effects of art therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with breast cancer. Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies through December 2019. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were calculated as the effects of art therapy on improvement of anxiety and depression in women with breast cancer. The meta-analysis included nine studies involving a total of 446 participants. The summary SMD of art therapy for anxiety was -1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI), -2.08 to 0.04; p=.06). The pooled SMD of art therapy for depression was -0.73 (95% CI, -1.45 to -0.01; p=.046). In the age subgroup analysis, the summary SMD of art therapy for anxiety was -1.30 (95% CI, -2.45 to -0.14; p=.03) for a mean age of more than 55years. The summary SMD of art therapy for depression was -1.01 (95% CI, -1.95 to -0.05; p=.04) for a mean age of less than 55years. This meta-analysis revealed that art therapy demonstrates positive effects on depression but not anxiety in patients with breast cancer. There appears to be a critical age period for art therapy to alleviate anxiety or depression in these patients.

Hubungan Dukungan Sosial dengan Kecemasan dan Depresi pada Pasien Kanker Payudara di RSU Raden Mattaher Jambi

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in woman. In Europen there are approximately 175,000 cases found regarding breast cancer and more than 165,000 patients died if the cancer is not controlled, whereas in the United States 44,000 patients died of breast cancer. According to the Hospital Statistics in the Breast Cancer Hospital Information System, Indonesia is the first rank of the most breast cancer patients which can be found in almost every hospital in Indonesia. The impact of breast cancer on the aspects of bio- psycho- social- spritual in breast cancer patients include anxiety and depression.Unfortunately this study is not commonly carried aut by researchers. One effort to reduce anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients is to provide social support. This study aims to determine the relationship of social support with anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients. The method used is analytic cross- sectional study.Also this study is conducted at Raden Mattaher Hospital in Jambi, with 97 breast cancer patients were picked as participants. Data sampling that is utilised in this study was incidental sampling.The data were colleted by using several methods, such as the Multidemensional Scale of Perceived of Social Support (MSPSS) instrument, and the Hospital Anxiety and depression Scale (HADS), and later those data were analysed with Bivariate Analysis using the Chi Square test. The results showed that the average age of breast cancer patient is 46,57, length of diagnosis is 28,59 months, low education level patient is 68,0%, patient who has merried is 91,8%, unemployed patient is 78,4%, patient who reseived good social support is 54,6%, patient with anxiety is 49,5%, and patient with depression is 50,5%. There is relationship between social support and anxiety in breast cancer patients, with (p:0,000).