Depression In Adolescent Patients Research Articles

4.47 Case Series: The Benefit and Tolerance of Long-Term Maintenance Ketamine Infusion for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adolescent Patients

4.47 Case Series: The Benefit and Tolerance of Long-Term Maintenance Ketamine Infusion for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adolescent Patients

Sex-Specific Alterations in Spatial Memory and Hippocampal AKT-mTOR Signaling in Adult Mice Pre-exposed to Ketamine and/or Psychological Stress During Adolescence

BackgroundKetamine (KET) is administered to manage major depression in adolescent patients. However, the long-term effects of juvenile KET exposure on memory-related tasks have not been thoroughly assessed. We examined whether exposure to KET, psychological stress, or both results in long-lasting alterations in spatial memory in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, we evaluated how KET and/or psychological stress history influenced hippocampal protein kinase B–mechanistic target of rapamycin (AKT-mTOR)–related signaling. MethodsOn postnatal day 35, male and female mice underwent vicarious defeat stress (VDS), a form of psychological stress that reduces sociability in both sexes, with or without KET exposure (20 mg/kg/day, postnatal days 35–44). In adulthood (postnatal day 70), mice were assessed for spatial memory performance on a water maze task or euthanized for hippocampal tissue collection. ResultsJuvenile pre-exposure to KET or VDS individually increased the latency (seconds) to locate the escape platform in adult male, but not female, mice. However, juvenile history of concomitant KET and VDS prevented memory impairment. Furthermore, individual KET or VDS pre-exposure, unlike their combined history, decreased hippocampal AKT-mTOR signaling in adult male mice. Conversely, KET pre-exposure alone increased AKT-mTOR in the hippocampus of adult female mice. Lastly, rapamycin-induced decreases of mTOR in naïve adult female mice induced spatial memory retrieval deficits, mimicking adult male mice with a history of exposure to VDS or KET. ConclusionsOur preclinical model shows how KET treatment for the management of adolescent psychological stress–induced sequelae does not impair spatial memory later in life. However, juvenile recreational KET misuse, like psychological stress history, results in long-term spatial memory deficits and hippocampal AKT-mTOR signaling changes in a sex-specific manner.

Effect of Parenting Style on Adolescent Depression

Background: Parenting style refers to the attitudes and behaviors of parents toward their children and an emotional environment in which the parents’ behaviors are expressed. Behavioral problems including externalizing and internalizing problems are amongst the most common mental health issues. Thus, to prevent the development of depression, it is necessary to understand the parenting styles. Objective: To determine the parenting style of parents of depressed adolescents. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Child & Adolescent Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi from 31st January to 31st July 2020. Methodology: One hundred and fifty adolescents were enrolled. The presence of depression in adolescent patients was assessed by using the Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAM-D). For parenting style, the adolescent patients were asked to answer the Parental Authority Questionnaire. Results: Mean age was 15.90±2.82 years. 53 (35.3%) were male adolescents and 97 (64.7%) were female adolescents. Twenty two (14.7%), 75 (50%) and 53 (35.3%) patients had mild, moderate and severe depression. Eighty five (56.7%), 50 (33.3%) and 15 (10%) had authoritarian, permissive and authoritative parenting style respectively. Conclusion: The study reveals strong relation between depression and impaired parenting and emphasizes that parents should have warm and nurturing relationship with their children as it provides protection against the development of depression in adolescents. Keywords: Depression, Adolescents, Parenting style, Authoritarian, Permissive and authoritative parenting style

Depression In Adolescent Patients with Obesity

Depression and obesity are two common illnesses with serious public health consequences that frequently co-occur in people. The link between both conditions is bidirectional: having one raises your chances of getting the other. Obesity and depression are both prevalent during adolescence, and obesity may be a trigger for adolescent depression.

Stigma, self-esteem, and depression in adolescent patients with epilepsy

Stigma, self-esteem, and depression in adolescent patients with epilepsy

Do regular family meals decrease the incidence of depression in adolescent patients?

Evidence-Based Answer Yes. Participation in family meals is associated with reduced rates of depression and suicide attempts (SOR: B, consistent cross-sectional studies). However, it is unknown if the association is a causal relationship.

Correlation between bullying and clinical depression in adolescent patients

A literature review of the associations between involvement in bullying and depression is presented. Many studies have demonstrated a concurrent association between involvement in bullying and depression in adolescent population samples. Not only victims but also bullies display increased risk of depression, although not all studies have confirmed this for the bullies. Retrospective studies among adults support the notion that victimization is followed by depression. Prospective follow-up studies have suggested both that victimization from bullying may be a risk factor for depression and that depression may predispose adolescents to bullying. Research among clinically referred adolescents is scarce but suggests that correlations between victimization from bullying and depression are likely to be similar in clinical and population samples. Adolescents who bully present with elevated numbers of psychiatric symptoms and psychiatric and social welfare treatment contacts.

Depression Screening Can't Get Much Briefer Than This

A screening tool with just two questions may help busy primary care physicians begin to identify depression in adolescent patients.

Detecting and Treating Depression among Adolescents Presenting for Reproductive Care: Realizing Opportunities

This article reviews typical symptoms of depression presented by adolescents in the reproductive care practice setting, provides an overview of the assessment process, and offers options for referral and/or treatment of this common, yet often unrecognized, mood disorder. Because females have a two-fold higher prevalence rate of depressive disorders as compared to males of the same age and because reproductive care providers have exceptional access to females during the early reproductive years, these physicians have a unique, but often unrealized, opportunity to detect and initiate treatment and/or referrals for depression in adolescent patients. Indeed, adolescents often discuss symptoms of depression with their reproductive care provider with an expectation that they will serve as a “first responder” in terms of assisting in the management of the depression. Thus, it is important that the provider have an understanding of the disorder, its symptoms, and possible treatment modalities. Reproductive care providers are uniquely qualified to identify, assess, and treat many types of mood disorders in adolescent females.

Which Depressed Patients Respond to Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment?

To identify predictors of remission from major depression in adolescent patients given cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The study was based on 50 patients aged between 10 and 17 years who were obtained from two studies of CBT. A wide range of possible predictors was examined. Sixty percent remitted by the end of treatment. In multivariate analyses remission was associated with younger age and less social impairment. Depressed patients who respond to CBT tend to be younger and less severely impaired than those who do not respond.

Adolescent depression and suicide: rising problems.

In adolescents, as in adults, most depressive persons are not suicidal, and many suicidal persons are not depressed. However, accurate diagnosis and treatment of depression in adolescent patients is essential to suicide prevention. Unfortunately, depression and suicidality remain widely undiagnosed and untreated in the adolescent population.