Depression And Anxiety Research Articles

Associations Between Dry Eye Disease and Mental Health Conditions in the All of Us Research Program

To determine the association between dry eye disease (DED) and mental health conditions in a sociodemographically diverse nationwide population of Americans. Cross-sectional study. We used the National Institute of Health's All of Us Research Program database to identify 18257 participants with DED who were propensity score matched in a 1:3 ratio to participants without DED. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between DED and mental health conditions (i.e., depressive disorders, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenic spectrum disorder). Participants with DED had a significantly higher prevalence of depressive disorders (31.6% vs. 10.7%; P < .001), anxiety disorders (34.8% vs. 14.7%; P < .001), bipolar disorder (5.5% vs. 2.3%; P < .001), and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (2.3% vs. 0.9%; P < .001) than controls. Adjusted for medical comorbidities (i.e., hypothyroidism, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus), participants with DED had higher odds than controls in having a depressive disorder (odds ratio [OR]: 3.47; 95% CI: 3.32-3.62), anxiety (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 2.63-2.85), bipolar disorder (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 2.04-2.44), and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 2.17-2.84). The association between DED and mental health conditions was stronger in Black participants than White participants (OR: 3.68 vs. 3.09, P < .001). Participants with DED were significantly more likely to have mental health conditions than matched participants without DED; this association was stronger in Black participants than White participants. Greater efforts should be undertaken to screen DED patients for mental health conditions, particularly in historically medically underserved populations.

Associations between Sjogren syndrome and psychiatric disorders in European populations: a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder (AD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ), are disturbances in brain activity that lead to disorders of cognition, behavior, and emotion regulation. Among Sjogren syndrome (SS) patients, psychiatric disorders are more prevalent than in the general population. Identifying associated risk factors can provide new evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. We selected genetic instruments based on published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to determine predisposition. Then, we conducted a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the potential causal associations between SS and four major psychiatric disorders. The primary analysis was performed using MR with the inverse-variance weighted method. Confirmation was achieved through Steiger filtering and testing to determine the causal direction. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and "leave-one-out" method methods. Our study showed that SS was linked to BD and SCZ, indicating that individuals with SS may have a reduced risk of developing BD (IVW: OR = 0.940, P=0.014) and SCZ (IVW: OR = 0.854, P=1.47*10-4), while there was no causal relationship between SS and MDD or AD. MR-Egger regression shows no evidence of pleiotropy (BD: intercept = 0.007, p = 0.774; SCZ: intercept = 0.051, p = 0.209). The same as the MR-PRESSO analysis (BD: global test p = 1.000; SCZ: global test p = 0.160). However, the results from the leave-one-out analysis demonstrated instability. Specifically, after excluding SNP rs3117581, the effects on BD and SCZ were found to be non-significant, suggesting the potential influence of unrecognized confounding factors. The results of the reverse MR show that four major psychiatric disorders had no causal effects on SS. Our research findings demonstrate a causal relationship between SS and SCZ, as well as between SS and BD. There are no causal effects between the four major psychiatric disorders and SS. These findings suggest that SS may have the potential to reduce the risk of both psychiatric disorders. This study provides new insight for their prevention and treatment.

The association of diet quality with the mental health of students during their transition to university.

University students are at risk of experiencing mental health and diet quality problems during their transition to university. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between the diet quality and mental health of students during their transition to universities in the UK, and the impact of the transition on diet quality and mental health. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and took place during the first semester of year 2021-2022. Participants were first year undergraduate students at four UK universities, living at student halls. They were invited to participate by completing online surveys, including a diet quality instrument (Short Form Food Frequency Questionnaire), a mental health instrument (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale) and a quality of transition instrument (College Adjustment Questionnaire). Results showed that a healthy diet was associated with good mental health (b = -3.46, 95% CI [-6.14, -.78]). Unfavourable mental health was associated with having an unhealthy diet (b = -.01, 95% CI [-.02, -.00]). Transition did not moderate the relationship between diet quality and mental health of students, or vice versa (ps> .05). Preliminary analyses showed a significant direct effect of good quality of transition to university on good mental health (b = -1.51, 95% CI [-1.88, -1.13]), but did not have an indirect effect via diet quality; there were no significant direct or indirect effects on diet quality, however larger studies are needed to replicate these preliminary analyses. Our current findings can inform university policies and health education research, and further research is needed to determine whether interventions to improve diet quality at the university level could reduce mental health issues, and whether interventions to support students under stress may lead to healthier dietary habits. Cross-sectional studies cannot determine the directionality of effects, hence longitudinal studies are required to enhance our understanding of the relationships between diet quality and mental health over time.

Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) in Adults with Brain Metastases: A NIH ORBIT Model Phase II Feasibility and Proof-of-Concept Trial

Abstract Background Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) is a brief, evidence-based psychotherapy designed to help patients with advanced cancer cope with the practical and profound challenges of their illness. However, no study has systematically examined CALM in adults with brain metastases, despite the well-documented incidence of distress in this growing population. The primary aim of this trial was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of CALM in adults with brain metastases. Methods Patients with brain metastases (N=13) and elevated symptoms of depression and/or death anxiety enrolled in this single-arm trial. CALM was administered in six biweekly sessions, with outcomes assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Feasibility was assessed based on established metrics including enrollment and retention rates. Acceptability was measured by post-session surveys and post-intervention interviews. Preliminary signal change on measures of psychological distress was explored. Results Of the 13 enrolled participants, 11 completed baseline assessments and initiated treatment: 73% female, Mage=58 years (SD=12.9; range=37-75). Nine completed the study (81% retention rate). Overall, participants reported high perceived benefit and would recommend the program to others. Baseline to post-intervention assessments indicated improvements in depression, death anxiety, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress, suicidal ideation, and spiritual well-being. Life quality, substance use, and fear of cancer recurrence remained relatively stable. Conclusions CALM is feasible and acceptable and may improve psychological distress in adults with brain metastases. The findings of this study align with our previous trial of patients with malignant glioma and support a future NIH ORBIT Phase II randomized pilot trial of CALM in neuro-oncology.

At home e-based physical exercise programs in patients with multiple sclerosis: a scoping review.

Physical exercise (PE) improves symptoms and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, incorporating PE into daily lives of pwMS pose difficulties. As an alternative to in-person PE, e-based PE has been proposed because of its advantages in terms of accessibility and convenience. To synthesize existing evidence on e-based PE at home in adults MS and discuss study designs, rehabilitation programs, intervention effects and possible knowledge gaps. In this scoping review, a systematic search in electronic databases including Embase, Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane Library was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed articles in English on e-based PE interventional studies at home involving adult pwMS, published from 2008 until April 2023, were identified and exported to Covidence. Data from the included studies were extracted and synthesized. This scoping review identified different types of e-based PE interventions used in pwMS across different study designs, but when evaluating intervention effects, this review focused solely on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A total of 3,006 studies were retrieved and 179 studies were screened in full text, resulting in the inclusion of 54 studies with a total of 2,359 pwMS. Of those, 33 were RCTs and three were qualitative studies. The studies reported on various e-based interventions including video-based programs, telerehabilitation, and web-based programs. The interventions evaluated muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, walking speed, endurance, balance, and fatigue, as well as symptoms of depression and cognitive dysfunction. E-based PE interventions at home in RCTs demonstrated improvement of depressive symptoms and anxiety, while inconsistent results were reported for fatigue, walking speed and balance. No significant benefits were observed regarding dexterity. Results were generally heterogeneous and were limited by small sample sizes. Several limitations were identified, such as lack of physical activity assessment prior to the intervention and poor reporting of duration, intensity, frequency and adherence to e-based PE interventions. E-based PE interventions in pwMS may improve MS-related symptoms, but the study quality is generally low, and findings are often inconsistent. Several important limitations of the existing literature have been identified in the present review, which can guide future research.

Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Taiwanese youth: soldiers and college students

Researchers have identified university students and military personnel as highly susceptible to the stress and emotional challenges imposed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this study was to compare the psychological impact of COVID-19 on soldiers and students based on risk factors identified in self reports. We recruited 258 students (male: female = 58: 204, average age = 19.73 ± 1.52 years) and 194 active soldiers (male: female = 172: 22, average age = 24.88 ± 4.11 years) from northern Taiwan. Analysis was performed on demographic data, history of COVID-19 infection, vaccinations, and the subjective psychological impact of the pandemic, as well as their current (within one month) anxiety levels, depression level, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis models were used to compare soldier vs. student status and male vs. female. Overall, roughly 54% of the subjects had been infected by COVID-19 at least once, and the psychological impact of the pandemic was more pronounced in the infected group. The students reported more pronounced symptoms of PTSD (elevated anxiety and depression levels) than did the soldiers. All regression models other than those associated with age and sex revealed that the link between COVID-19 infection and the symptoms of PTSD was more salient among soldiers and males than among students and females. It appears that the psychological impact of COVID-19 is underreported by soldiers. These findings indirectly support previous research indicating that soldiers are less likely than students to disclose emotions related to trauma, indicating the need for psychological support for military personnel.

Resilience and distress among adolescents and young adults receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation: The Promoting Resilience in Stress Management randomized trial.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at high risk of poor psychosocial health. This study aimed to determine whether the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM) intervention mitigated these risks during the first 6 months posttransplant. This multisite, parallel, randomized trial was conducted from April 2019 to March 2023. Eligible AYAs were aged 12-24 years, English speaking, and within 1 month of HCT for cancer or cancer predisposition syndrome. They were assigned 1:1 to PRISM (a brief, skills-based intervention targeting "resilience resources" [stress management, goal setting, cognitive reframing, and meaning making]) or usual care (UC). Outcomes included total symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; primary outcome), hope (Snyder Hope Scale), resilience (10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL; Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Cancer Module). Analyses leveraged multivariable linear regressions; exploratory analyses assessed the influence of baseline depression or anxiety. Of 94 enrolled and randomized AYAs, the mean age was 16.7 years (SD,4.2); 43 (46%) were female, 56 (60%) were non-Hispanic White, 22 (23%) were Hispanic, and nine (10%) were Black. Most (77%) had leukemia. Of n=50 randomized to PRISM and n=44 to UC, 37 (74%) and 33 (73%) completed all study procedures, respectively. In intention-to-treat analyses, PRISM did not affect 6-month depression and anxiety (β=-1.1; 95% CI, -3.7 to 1.5), hope (β=0.83; 95% CI, -3.3 to 4.9), resilience (β=-0.01; 95% CI, -3.0 to 3.0), or HRQOL (β=1.5; 95% CI, -4.7 to 7.9). Among AYAs with preexisting anxiety or depression, PRISM recipients reported greater 6-month improvements in hope (score change, +3.71; SD,6.9) versus UC recipients (score change, -2.76; SD,6.5) (p=.04). Resilience coaching did not influence outcomes in this sample. Exploratory findings suggest it may be more effective when directed toward those with concurrent distress.

Burden, Anxiety, and Depression Among Caregivers of Parkinson's Disease Patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disabling neurodegenerative movement disorder. Most PD patients are looked after by caregivers who are close to them regardless of their relationship. Caregivers may experience a notable impact on their mental health as they dedicate a significant amount of time to the patient while observing the progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of burden, depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of PD patients. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis between July and September 2023 among caregivers of PD patients following in the Movement Disorders Clinic at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and through the Saudi Parkinson's Society. The data collection was done anonymously through an electronic self-administered questionnaire. Caregiver burden was assessed by using the validated Arabic version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used to assess the presence and level of anxiety and depression. There were 118 caregivers (53.39% female, 33.9% aged between 35- 45 years, and 73.73% were sons/daughters) caring for 118 patients (57.63%, male, 38.98% aged between 66- 76). The ZBI score was highest among sibling caregivers. Moreover, burden scores were higher among those who provided care more frequently than others. Our study revealed that PD caregivers face a high risk of care burden, especially those who are siblings and spend longer periods in patient care. Additionally, female caregivers reported higher rates of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Impulse Control Deficits and Loneliness/Depression

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of problematic internet use (PIU) among Brazilian adults and its cognitive and emotional factors. A total of 294 individuals (144 men, 149 women, 1 undisclosed) aged 18 to 55 years (M=29.31, SD=7.99) participated, completing various instruments: a sociodemographic and internet use questionnaire, the generalized problematic internet use scale (GPIUS-2), the online cognition scale (OCS), the depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21), and the difficulties in emotional regulation scale (DERS). The prevalence of PIU was 17.4% (n=49). Younger participants reported higher rates of PIU. GPIUS-2 scores positively correlated with DERS and DASS-21 subscales. Network analysis highlighted impulse control deficits and loneliness/depression as key factors associated with PIU, with anxiety indirectly related through stress. These findings highlight the link between emotional difficulties and PIU, suggesting the need for guidelines to promote healthier internet use.

Premenstrual syndrome and its impact on the quality of life among female medical students at King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) affects many women, impacting daily activities and potentially hindering academic performance. Female students, in particular, may experience exacerbated effects due to neglecting symptoms. This study investigated the prevalence of PMS and its association with factors influencing female medical students' quality of life (QoL) at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey distributed to 264 students assessed demographics, family background, menstrual characteristics, PMS symptoms, and study-related QoL. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: PMS prevalence was 34.8% (92/264). Students in clinical years (40% vs. 29% in pre-clinical) and with introverted personalities (43.5%) were more likely to experience PMS. The most commonly reported symptoms were depressive effect, anxiety, fatigue, and irritability (all 100%). Students with PMS reported a higher impact on study-career satisfaction (28.3% vs. 20.3% without) and stress levels (57.6% vs. 37.8% without). Conclusion: This study suggests a significant prevalence of PMS (34.8%) among female medical students. An association was found between PMS, year of study, personality type, and specific aspects of study-related QoL, particularly impacting study-career satisfaction and stress.

Use of Subsidized Health Services by Artists in Canada: An Exploratory Study.

Creative and performing artists are often confronted with precarious employment and insufficient healthcare coverage. A clinic in Canada that provides specialized healthcare to artists offers eligible artists subsidized health services. We aim to compare the use of health services, demographics and health conditions between subsidy artist recipients (SAs) and non-subsidy artists (NSAs). We accessed existing data from 265 SAs and 711 NSAs and applied descriptive and inferential statistics to address our research questions. Musculoskeletal issues, stress, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders are the most common health problems faced by SAs. Compared to NSAs, SAs were more likely to seek treatment for stress, but less likely to seek treatment for anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, chronic problems, and upper extremity problems. Future research may investigate the enduring effects of subsidized health services on SAs' health outcomes. Sustained positive outcomes are crucial for maintaining an artist's career and well-being.

Association between personal characteristics and anxiety and burnout in orthopedic residents: a cross-sectional cross-sectional study

ObjectiveBurnout is becoming a major problem in medicine, and some articles have pointed to the link between burnout and anxiety. Several factors can contribute to burnout and anxiety, and recognizing each can improve medical education environments. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between personal characteristics, anxiety and burnout of orthopedic residents.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, the anxiety rate, depression, and burnout were evaluated in 94 orthopedic residents above the second year and orthopedic fellowships in three hospitals. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) were used to measure the levels of depression, anxiety, and burnout, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate predictor variables for burnout.ResultsSevere anxiety and depression were reported in 17% and 12.77% of residents, respectively. The rate of burnout for Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and low sense of Personal Accomplishment (PA) subscales was 18.09%, 28.72%, and 43.62% of people with high levels of burnout, respectively. Multivariate analysis of logistic regression showed that Works > 60 h per week, Anxiety score > 28, Time spent in the hospital > 9 h per Day, Academic year and Experience being abused by the upstream, Balance between work and life, Feeling the need for support from nurses in the hospital were significantly associated with burnout.Conclusionstress and anxiety can be considered a severe factor in burnout; this issue can provide a clear perspective of the psychological cycle that ultimately leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the medical system and related services.

Impact of daily physical activity level on mental health and quality of life in substance use disorders patients

ABSTRACT Background Substance use disorders patients often exhibit low levels of physical activity. However, the daily level of physical activity appears to significantly impact the patient’s rehabilitation process. Methods This study analyses the daily level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form) in a group of 125 patients undergoing rehabilitation, and its relationship with levels of mental health (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) and quality of life (Short Form Health Survey). Additionally, gender differences in all measured variables were analyzed. Results The results show a strong correlation between daily physical activity and levels of mental health (ρ>0.787), as well as a moderate correlation between physical activity levels and quality of life (ρ:0.406–0.586). Furthermore, when analyzing gender differences, women exhibited lower levels compared to men in physical activity (p < 0.001), mental health (p < 0.05), and different quality of life indicators (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the level of daily physical activity could influence the quality of life and mental health of patients during the rehabilitation process. Therefore, rehabilitation treatments should include strategies to increase patients’ daily physical activity levels. Furthermore, considering the gender disparities identified, additional studies are warranted in this field.

Revisiting the 8-syndrome of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in 67257 Chinese school students

ABSTRACT The 8-Syndrome structure of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) has been well supported globally, but its validity in the Chinese sample remains untested. A total of 67,257 school students aged 6–16 were included. The Chinese version of the CBCL consists of 118 specific behavioral and emotional items, with two open-ended screening items. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), cluster analysis, and network analysis were employed to test the 8-Syndrome structure in the Chinese CBCL. The Chinese CBCL showed a comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.734, indicating poor fit in the Chinese sample. Cluster and network analyses suggested that Anxious/Depressed (AD), Withdrawn/Depressed (WD), and Thought Problems (TP) might form internalizing factors (representing emotional or thought problems), whereas Aggressive Behavior (AB), Rule-Breaking Behavior (RBB), and Attention Problems (AP) might comprise externalizing factors (representing behavioral problems). Age emerged as a significant factor influencing emotional and behavioral problems in the Chinese sample (p < 0.05). The 8-Syndrome structure of the Chinese CBCL did not fit well, prompting the need for further exploration and possible restructuring across different samples. Definitions of Internalizing and Externalizing factors may require refinement and age considerations should be integrated into future revisions of the CBCL structure.

A Study on the Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and the Quality of Life of Syrian Refugees: Case Study for the Province of Kayseri.

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety mental disorders, as well as the quality of life of Syrian refugees and to examine the relationships between mental health disorders and the quality of life of Syrian refugees. Data were collected via face-to-face surveys with 613 adult Syrian refugees in an urban setting. Brislin's methodology was used for translating scale items, involving initial translation, back-translation and review by another professional translator. The study utilised the PTSD Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, Depression Scale and Quality of Life Scale (QOLS). Descriptive, correlational and multivariate regression analysis were applied. Findings of correlational analysis indicate that PTSD levels among Syrian refugees are significantly related to gender, income level and employment. Depression levels are significantly associated with trauma history, healthcare service use, marital status and employment. Anxiety levels are significantly related to gender, trauma history, healthcare service use, employment and income. According to the findings of the regression analyses, the relationships between depression, quality of life and PTSD are complex. Meanwhile, anxiety decreases quality of life and increases PTSD. Quality of life moderates the relationship between depression and PTSD, as well as between anxiety and PTSD. The study concludes that the mental disorder levels of Syrian refugees, in terms of PTSD, depression and anxiety, are linked to their socio-demographic characteristics. These results highlight the importance of social, economic and cultural factors, healthcare and social services and the socio-demographic characteristics of the region where refugees have settled after displacement.

Lower thresholds and stronger adaptation to pain in musicians reflect occupational-specific adaptations to contact heat stimulation.

Extensive audio-motor training and psychological stress can cause professional musicians acute overstrain-injury and chronic pain, resulting in damaged careers and diminished quality of life. It has also been previously shown that musicians might perceive pain differently than non-musicians. Therefore, the aim of our study was to quantify differences between musicians and non-musicians regarding their subjective responses to painful contact heat stimuli and assess how emotional traits might influence these responses. Upon completing the StateTrait-Anxiety-Depression Inventory, 15 healthy musicians and 15 healthy non-musicians from German universities received 15 noxious contact heat stimuli at the dorsal side of each hand and foot. After each stimulation, participants were asked to provide a pain rating from 0 to 10. Musicians not only reported significantly higher pain ratings after the first stimulation but also showed a significantly higher degree of habituation compared to non-musicians. Additionally, musicians showed a significantly less pronounced difference regarding the pain rating of the hands compared to the feet than non-musicians. Trait anxiety and trait depression scores had no effect on the pain rating or the habituation. The more pronounced habituation of musicians might hint at a neuroplastic nociceptive alteration in musicians. The lack of significance between the psychological traits and their effect on the pain ratings is surprising but could be a result of both participant groups having stressful careers. The findings of this report justify musicians' repetitive sensorimotor training as an important model for plasticity and contribute to a better understanding of pain perception in musicians.

Impact of Cognitive and Psychological Functions in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To compare the cognitive functions and trait anxiety in patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to those of matched healthy controls (HCs). In addition, the study aims to investigate the correlations among cognitive functions, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) in this clinical population. The sample included RRMS patients (n = 21) and an equal number of age-, education-, and sex-matched HCs. Participants were assessed on the Indian version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, auditory and visual learning and memory, and visual-spatial construction and memory. RRMS patients were also assessed for levels of anxiety, depression, and their QOL. Comparative analyses between RRMS patients and HCs were carried out for neuropsychological assessments. Correlations among cognitive functions, anxiety, depression, and QOL in RRMS patients were examined. RRMS patients showed significant deficits across various cognitive domains, including processing speed and verbal learning, compared to HCs (P < 0.05). In addition, they reported higher levels of trait anxiety compared to HCs (P < 0.01), along with moderate state anxiety and mild depression. A significant correlation among anxiety, depression, and QOL was observed in RRMS patients. This study highlights significant cognitive impairments and psychological distress experienced by RRMS individuals, underscoring the critical need for comprehensive care addressing both cognitive impairments and psychological distress to enhance QOL.

Bruxism and Sleep Disorders in Patients Diagnosed With Depressive Disorder and Anxiety Disorder UsingAntidepressants.

To investigate the frequency of bruxism, factors associated with bruxism and sleep disorders in patients diagnosed with depressive disorder and anxiety disorder who use antidepressants. A total of 273 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorder or depression who had been using antidepressants for at least 1 month were included, along with 273 healthy control groups. The patient and control groups completed a sociodemographic data form, Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale (EDSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a bruxism questionnaire. Additionally, the clinician confirmed the diagnosis of bruxism through a clinical interview. Bruxism was detected in 73.3% of the patient group and 28.2% of the control group (p < 0.001). The most commonly used antidepressants among patients were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as escitalopram and sertraline. Within the patient group, individuals with bruxism had higher family history rates of teeth grinding (p = 0.034), PSQI scores (p < 0.001) and EDSS scores (p < 0.001) compared to those without bruxism. Positive correlations were found between the presence of bruxism and PSQI (p < 0.001) scores as well as EDSS scores (p < 0.001) in both the patient group and all participants. Regression analysis conducted on the entire sample revealed that family history rates of teeth grinding (p < 0.001), antidepressant use (p < 0.001) and PSQI score (p = 0.004) were associated with bruxism. The findings from this study suggest that a majority of patients diagnosed with depressive or anxiety disorders may experience bruxism, particularly those using SSRI-type antidepressants. Furthermore, individuals with bruxism may have poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness tendencies.

Effectiveness of a peer-to-peer, self-management intervention for young people with depression and anxiety in Denmark: an observational study and a propensity score-matched comparison.

This study investigated the effectiveness of a 7-weeks peer-to-peer program for young people aged 15 to 25 years with depression or anxiety symptoms in Denmark. A total of 483 participants (72% women) participated in the program and the evaluation. The participants completed questionnaires at baseline, postintervention, and at 5-month follow-up to assess changes in depression symptoms (using Beck's Depression Inventory-II), anxiety symptoms (using Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults) and self-efficacy in controlling or managing the illness (using the personal control subscale from the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised). Analyses were done using repeated measures mixed linear regression models. Moreover, a register-based matched comparison group was derived as a comparison to assess changes in being in education and employment at 8-month follow-up. Within the intervention group, both depression and anxiety scores declined across the 5-month follow-up compared to baseline (b = -9.6, 95% CI: -11.2, -8.1 for depression symptoms). The self-efficacy score increased from baseline to post-intervention (b = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.8) and this level was maintained at follow-up. More than half of the participants were in education at baseline while 24% received social transfer payments. Compared with matched comparison group, a lower proportion of the intervention group remaining in education (71% vs. 80%). Among participants who were employed at baseline, a higher proportion of the intervention group were enrolled in education (27% vs. 19%) and were unemployed (14% vs. 4%) compared to the matched comparison group. This study supports the effectiveness of a peer-to-peer intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms, and self-efficacy in symptom control. However, mixed effects on education and employment were observed, indicating a negative impact on education among those initially enrolled and a higher proportion of employed participants starting education.

Bibliometric Analysis on of the Impact of Screening to Minimize Maternal Mental Health on Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: Prenatal depression, maternal anxiety, puerperal psychosis, and suicidal thoughts affect child welfare and development and maternal health and mortality. Women in low-income countries suffer maternal mental health issues in 25% of cases during pregnancy and 20% of cases thereafter. However, MMH screening, diagnosis, and reporting are lacking. The primary goals of the present study are twofold, as follows: firstly, to evaluate the importance of screening maternal mental health to alleviate perinatal depression and maternal anxiety, and, secondly, to analyze research patterns and propose novel approaches and procedures to bridge the current research gap and aid practitioners in enhancing the quality of care offered to women exhibiting symptoms of perinatal depression. (2) Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis to analyze the research topic, using the bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, as well as the R statistical programming language. To accomplish our goal, we obtained a total of 243 documents from the Scopus and PubMed databases and conducted an analysis utilizing network, co-occurrence, and multiple correlation approaches. (3) Results: Most of the publications in the field were published between the years 2021 and 2024. The results of this study highlight the significance of shifting from conventional screening methods to digital ones for healthcare professionals to effectively manage the symptoms of maternal mental health associated with postpartum depression. Furthermore, the results of the present study suggest that digital screening can prevent maternal physical morbidity, contribute to psychosocial functioning, and enhance infant physical and cognitive health. (4) Conclusions: The research indicates that it is crucial to adopt and include a computerized screening practice to efficiently and immediately detect and clarify the signs of prenatal to neonatal depression. The introduction of digital screening has led to a decrease in scoring errors, an improvement in screening effectiveness, a decrease in administration times, the creation of clinical and patient reports, and the initiation of referrals for anxiety and depression therapy.