Deposition Of Ag Nanoparticles Research Articles

Polyethersulfone mixed matrix membranes modified with pore formers and Ag-titanate nanotubes: physicochemical characteristics and (bio)fouling study

In the presented studies it was hypothesized that the modification of a polymeric membrane with a pore former and a hybrid nanomaterial composed of titanate nanotubes with deposited Ag nanoparticles (Ag-TNTs NPs) can protect the membrane from the microbial growth, and thus enhance its resistance to biofouling. Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were prepared by the wet phase inversion, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were used as pore formers. The membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, topography, permeability, separation characteristics, and anti-(bio)fouling properties as well as antibacterial activity. The membranes modified with porogens and Ag-TNTs revealed improved hydrophilicity and water permeability compared to the unmodified membrane, from 58 to 66%. Moreover, the improvement in rejection of model dextrans and PEG upon application of the NPs was found. However, the use of PVP or PEG had a negative influence on the resistance to fouling by bovine serum albumin, i.e., ca. 35% of decline of permeate flux was noticed after 2 h of ultrafiltration of BSA. On the contrary, both porogens and NPs contributed to biofouling mitigation. The introduction of pore formers had a positive effect on the inhibition of Escherichia coli growth by the membrane containing Ag-TNTs. The log reduction of bacteria varied from 3.17 to 3.3 in case of stirred and filtration system.

Hierarchically Structured Cellulose Acetate@Silk Protein Membrane with Enhanced Mechanical and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performances.

Compared to conventional fibers, electrospun porous nanofibers with hierarchical structures often involve additional active sites, interfaces, and internal spaces which boost the performances of functional materials. Here in this study, coaxial composite cellulose acetate@silk fibroin (CA@SF) fibrous membranes are constructed through an electrostatic spinning technique combining solvent-induced phase separation. Hierarchical core-shell structures on the fibers are achieved, which significantly increases the surface area and benefits the mechanical property, flux, as well as the electroless deposition of Ag nanoparticles. The total electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the sandwiched hierarchical CA@SF@Ag composite membrane with a thickness of only 100 μm reaches up to 100 dB, surpassing around 82% beyond nonhierarchical ones. To be noticed, when post-treated by ethanol, the membrane enables an enhanced tensile strength of up to 10 MPa with a thickness of only 50 μm. Our findings pave the way to the application of electrospun fiber membranes in the field of ultrathin electromagnetic shielding films.

Application of ANN and RSM for Rhodamine B and Safranine-O Decolorization on Zinc-Carbon Battery Waste Derived Ag/CoFe-LDH/rGO Catalyst.

The present work is first aimed at recovering graphite from carbon rods of waste zinc-carbon (Zn-C) batteries for applications such as wastewater treatment, in order to contribute to the development of a sustainable environment. Then, a composite material, cobalt-iron layered double hydroxide combination with reduced graphene oxide, and with subsequent Ag nanoparticles deposition via NaBH4 reduction method (Ag/CoFe-LDH/rGO) was prepared for the catalytic activity of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Safranine-O (SO) as model contaminants from aquatic media. The catalytic activity of RhB and SO by Ag/CoFe-LDH/rGO in the presence of NaBH4 was studied to model and optimize the process parameters (NaBH4 amount, reaction time, initial dye concentration (Co), and catalyst dosage) via central composite design (CCD)-response surface methodology (RSM). Also, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to estimate the catalytic activity of each dye using an RSM data set. The catalytic activities of 99.54% and 99.96% were obtained for RhB and SO dyes, respectively, under the optimal conditions: NaBH4 amount 12.32 mM, reaction time 3.19 min, Co 33.46 mg/L, and catalyst dosage 1.24 mg/mL for RhB dye; NaBH4 amount 16.76 mM, reaction time 3.06 min, Co 15.10 mg/L, and catalyst dosage 1.46 mg/mL for SO dye. The optimum conditions of process parameters by ANN with gray wolf optimizer (GWO) were in good agreement with the points determined the RSM-CCD. These results demonstrate that RSM and ANN approaches can be applied practically and efficiently to maximize the catalytic activity of RhB and SO by Ag/CoFe-LDH/rGO in the existence of NaBH4. On the other hand, from the kinetic and thermodynamic studies, the positive activation enthalpy, ΔH# and the negative activation entropy, ΔS# values for each dye demonstrated that the catalytic performance was endothermic and less random at the solid/liquid interface.

Surface plasmon resonance effect cooperated with Z-scheme heterostructure for enhancing photocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia

The photocatalytic efficiency can be improved by constructing a Z-scheme heterojunction, but hindered by the only half utilization efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Thus, a novel material, UiO-66-NH2@TAPB-BTCA-COP-Ag (U6N@COP-Ag), with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect synergistic Z-scheme heterostructure has been prepared by depositing Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on TAPB-BTCA-COP (COP)-coated UiO-66-NH2. The deposited Ag NPs expand the range of light absorption and introduce more photogenerated electrons in the composite. The SPR effect of noble metal compensates for the limited utilization of the Z-scheme heterojunction photogenerated carriers and the increased density of semiconductor carriers at the reducing end, which is more conducive to the redox reaction of the catalyst. Without sacrificial agents, U6N@COP-Ag shows great photocatalytic nitrogen reduction conversion efficiency with the rate of NH4+ in ammonia water at 167.63μmol g-1h−1, which is 6.6 and 2.8 times that of the original UiO-66-NH2 and COP, respectively. In-situ XPS and Kelvin probe technology verify that UiO-66-NH2 and Ag nanoparticles provide more photogenerated electrons to COP. The cleavage and conversion of N2 to NH4+ on U6N@COP-Ag was confirmed by the enhancement of NH bonds and NH4+ characteristic absorption peaks in the in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS). This work presents a great method to improve the Z-scheme heterojunction photogenerated carrier utilization and the density of semiconductor carriers at the reducing end by the noble metal SPR effect, which is more conducive to enhance the redox reaction of the catalyst.

Femtosecond laser fabrication of nanopillar arrays for Surface-Enhanced Raman scattering substrates

This work presents a femtosecond laser fabrication method for precision-engineered nanopillar arrays, applicable for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The proposed method consists of two steps: (1) fabrication of nanopillar arrays using femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization (TPP) technology; and (2) deposition of Ag nanoparticles on the fabricated nanopillar arrays. Nanopillar arrays of the proposed SERS substrates are optimized with geometrical parameters of diameter, height, spacing, and arrangement. A limit of detection (LOD) down to 10-7 mol/L for Rhodamine 6G solution is achieved and the enhancement factor is estimated to be up to 2 × 103. The experimental results indicate that the proposed SERS substrates have potential applications in biomedical detection, food safety monitoring, and quality control.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag/ZnO nanocomposite immobilized on kanthal coils

Constructing hybrid semiconductor photocatalysts and increasing the charge-carrier density are effective strategies for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of ZnO. This study elucidates the synergistic effects of electron trapping and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on the activity of ZnO photocatalysts. Ag/ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized on Kanthal coils using a two-step method involving the immobilization of ZnO on Kanthal coils and the coupling of Ag nanoparticles. XPS and RTPL analyses verified the synergistic effects of electron trapping and SPR on the activity of the Ag/ZnO nanocomposites. The photocatalytic performance of the composite was evaluated in the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The Ag/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited significantly enhanced removal efficiency for RhB dye (38.2–70.5% depending on the deposition time). The Ohmic contact at the Ag/ZnO heterojunction extended the lifetime of the photoinduced charge carriers, whereas the SPR facilitated the generation of more electrons for the photocatalytic reaction. However, the excessive deposition of Ag nanoparticles compromised the photocatalytic performance of the Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. This study provides valuable insights for developing efficient ZnO-based photocatalytic materials for addressing environmental challenges.

Fast and scalable fabrication of Ag/TiO2 nanostructured substrates for enhanced plasmonic sensing and photocatalytic applications

Here we propose a fast and scalable (up to 3 min for 6 × 1 cm size substrate) innovative approach to fabricate coral-shaped TiO2 nanostructured substrates based on thermal oxidation of titanium foil followed by deposition of Ag nanoparticles for bifunctional sensing and photocatalysis. Comprehensive studies on the morphology, crystal structure, stoichiometry, optical, and electronic properties of these nanostructures reveal the formation of a Schottky barrier at the Ag/TiO2 interface. This interface alters the electronic structure of the Ag/TiO2 nanosystem, retaining the plasmonic properties of Ag nanoparticles while enhancing their catalytic activity. The SERS performance and photocatalytic activity of Ag/TiO2 nanostructures are demonstrated by the test analyte Rhodamine 6G detection down to concentrations of 10-12 M and acceleration of its degradation under simulated sunlight by 5.8 times. Tests with tetracycline water solutions indicate a nanomolar detection limit and 4.4-fold increase in degradation rate. The proposed Ag/TiO2 nanostructures are prospective for creation of low-cost bifunctional platforms for the sensitive detection of organic residues in water as well as their fast neutralization under solar light.

Ion beam-induced nanoripples patterns for SERS based saliva analysis to detect oral cavity cancer

Saliva is a non-invasive sample for oral cancer detection due to the presence of cancer biomarkers. In this reported study, we investigated the potential use of SERS (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) for the non-invasive identification of oral cavity cancer by analysing the SERS spectra of saliva. We developed a SERS substrate by depositing Ag nanoparticles on glass ripples. SERS analysis was conducted on saliva samples collected from 10 oral cancer patients and 8 healthy volunteers having tobacco habits. The average spectra of cancer patient saliva and healthy volunteers’ saliva show differences. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-based multivariate statistical analysis were used for classifying the collected spectra. The PCA-LDA-based classification shows 70% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity. This study suggests that SERS analysis of saliva incorporated with PCA-LDA-based multivariate analysis is a potential tool for the non-invasive detection of cancer.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity in AgCu-decorated ZnO nanoparticles under UV and sunlight

This study investigates the structural, morphological, and photocatalytic properties of monometallic (Ag and Cu) and bimetallic (AgCu) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated into ZnO NPs and their photocatalytic performance. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement were employed to analyze the structural characteristics, revealing the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO and cubic phases of Ag and Cu within the metal-decorated NPs. Scanning electron microscopy provided visual evidence of the spherical morphology, with an average particle size of 50 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the successful deposition of Ag, Cu, and AgCu NPs onto the ZnO surface. The photocatalytic efficiency of the NPs was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue dye under UV light at a wavelength of 254 nm under sunlight irradiation. Under UV light, the bimetallic AgCu/ZnO system exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a degradation rate of about 95% with 10% AgCu/ZnO. Conversely, under sunlight illumination, the monometallic Cu/ZnO and Ag/ZnO NPs exhibited outstanding photocatalytic properties, with degradation rates of about 99 and 98%, respectively. These findings underscore the influence of the light source on photocatalytic performance as well as the significance of the plasmonic effects and charge-transfer mechanisms.

Constructed of Cd-based organic framework heterostructure material for solar-powered organic dye purification

A novel water-stable Cd-based organic framework material (Cd-MOF) has been synthesized based on the 4,4′-([2,2′-bipyridine]-6,6′-diylbis(oxy))phthalic acid (H4L) ligand and Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd(NO3)2·4H2O) with a solvothermal method. We also prove that the rational design and preparation of Cd-MOF\\Ag heterojunctions by depositing Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Cd-MOF is an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dyes in water. The photodegradation rates of RhB and MO were significantly improved under simulated sunlight conditions (AM1.5G), which reaching 0.68 and 1.549 min−1 g−1, respectively. The prominent performance is attributed to the efficient separation of photo-generated electrons and holes caused by the composite heterojunction of Cd-MOF/Ag. The surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect of Ag nanoparticles and the Schottky junction between Ag and Cd-MOF play crucial role in the photocatalytic degradation process. This work provides a new strategy for preparing photocatalysts and promoting the development of the degradation of organic dye pollutants in effluent with MOF-based material as photocatalysts.

Ultrasound-Driven Deposition of Au and Ag Nanoparticles on Citrus Pectin: Preparation and Characterisation of Antimicrobial Composites.

Pectin is a renewable, non-toxic and biodegradable polymer made of galacturonic acid units. Its polar groups make it suitable for complexing and supporting metallic nanoparticles (NPs). This work aimed to produce antibacterial nanocomposites using pectin and acoustic cavitation. The metal NPs (Au or Ag) were deposited using ultrasound (US, 21 kHz, 50 W) and compared with those achieved with mechanical stirring. The impact of the reducing agents (NaBH4, ascorbic acid) on the dispersion and morphology of the resulting NPs was also assessed. Characterization by diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the use of US improves the dispersion and decreases the size of both Au and Ag NPs. Moreover, with Au NPs, avoiding external reductants led to smaller NPs and more uniform in size. The prepared NPs were functionalized with oxytetracycline in water and tested against Escherichia coli (gram negative) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram positive) via the Kirby-Bauer test. The results show a better antibacterial activity of the functionalized nanoparticles compared to antibiotic-free NPs and pure oxytetracycline, advising the potential of the nanoparticles as drug carriers. These findings underscore the significance of US-assisted synthesis, paving the way to new environmentally friendly antimicrobial materials.

Anisotropic Magnetic Polymeric Particles with a Controllable Structure via Seeded Emulsion Polymerization.

Magnetic polymer composites have been widely utilized in potential applications in material science, such as reduction of dyes, immunodiagnostics, biomedicals, and magnetically controllable photonic crystals owing to large surface areas, fast separation, and recyclable performance. In this work, anisotropic magnetic particles were prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization, with morphologies of "Fe3O4-shell", "hemisphere-like", "raspberry-like", "multiple lobes-like", and "sandwich-like". Poly(styrene/divinylbenzene/mono-2-(methacryloxy)ethyl succinate)@ Fe3O4 (P(St/DVB/MMES)@Fe3O4) were the seed microspheres, and P(St/DVB/MMES)@Fe3O4@polymer particles are achieved by seeded emulsion polymerizations. The morphology of the particles depends on polymerization conditions (monomer ratios and surfactant), particle properties, and so on. Then, the minimum surface free energy change principles were used to predict the equilibrium morphologies of the magnetic polymer composites. Through theory, the model gives the correct tendency and good agreement with the equilibrium morphology which was in tandem with TEM results. Lastly, after in situ surface deposition of Ag nanoparticles, magnetic composite particles with sandwich-like morphology were applied for the catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reacting with NaBH4. The apparent rate coefficient is 0.0069 s-1, and it can keep mainly about 80% efficiency in catalysis after five cycles.

A Sandwich Structure Ag/MgFe2O4-Deposited Surface Carbonized Wood for Integrated Solar Steam Generation and Photoreduction of Cr(VI).

The severe deterioration of the marine ecosystem significantly negatively impacts the performance of solar-driven steam generation (SSG) and the quality of the obtained freshwater. Herein, a bifunctional Ag/MgFe2O4@SCW reactor with a sandwich structure is designed for efficient SSG and Cr(VI) reduction, which is constructed via in situ deposit Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and MgFe2O4 onto surface carbonized wood (SCW). Owing to the advanced sandwich structure and strong interfacial interactions between each component, an ultra-high evaporation rate of 1.55kg m-2 h-1 and the efficiency of 88.6% are achieved using Ag/MgFe2O4@SCW under 1 sun. The system exhibits the long-term evaporation performance in the simulated sewage and strong acid/base solutions along with water-harvesting capacity in outdoor solar desalination. The quality of distilled water after desalination of actual seawater and NaCl solutions with different concentrations meets the WHO-recommended drinkable water standards. Furthermore, Ag/MgFe2O4@SCW shows outstanding antibacterial property, self-desalting capacity, as well as reusability and structure stability. Most importantly, the fast carrier separation endows Ag/MgFe2O4@SCW with superior photocatalytic activity and Cr(VI) photoreduction of up to 96.1% after 180min of illumination. The bifunctional Ag/MgFe2O4@SCW reactor provides an advanced synergistic mechanism for improving SSG and photocatalytic performance, while being promising for solar-powered production of clean water.

Enhanced performances of NiCoSe2 electrode coated with Ag nanoparticles by magnetron sputtering for the applications of asymmetric supercapacitors

In this work, a binder-free energy-storage electrode material of Ag nanoparticles coated nickel cobalt selenide (NiCoSe2) on Ni foam (NF) was first proposed. Wherein, NiCoSe2 was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method using ascorbic acid as reductant, and the coating of Ag nanoparticles on NiCoSe2 were performed by magnetron sputtering method. The specific surface area was greatly increased due to the deposited Ag nanoparticles, and in this way the impedance of the electrode decreased, and the electrochemical properties were enhanced. When the magnetron sputtering time is 10 s, Ag/NiCoSe2 electrode exhibits the most excellent performances. However, further increase of sputtering time may result in the over cover on NiCoSe2, with great deterioration in electrochemical behavior. Single NiCoSe2 electrode possesses an area capacitance of 1600.7 mF cm−2 at a current density of 2 mA cm−2, while Ag/NiCoSe2 electrode could reach up to 2280 mF cm−2. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled by Ag/NiCoSe2 and activated carbon (AC) electrodes shows a high energy density of 0.171 mWh cm−2 as well as a power density of 17.340 mW cm−2, and the cyclic stability remains at 90.1% after 4000 cycles, which is superior to 83.7% of the NiCoSe2 single electrode.

The effect of a polymer capping agent on electrodeposited silver nanoparticles in a silver deposition-based electrochromic device.

In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was introduced into an Ag deposition-based electrochromic (EC) device as a capping agent for electrodeposited Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) to improve the coloration characteristics of EC devices and to precisely control the size and shape of the AgNPs. Through the coordination of PVP molecules with Ag+ ions in the EC electrolyte, the critical voltage for the deposition of AgNPs decreased, resulting in a lower operating voltage of the EC device in comparison with the conventional one. Because particle growth and AgNP aggregation were suppressed by the capping effect of PVP, uniform electrodeposition of AgNPs was achieved. Aggregation suppression enabled vivid cyan, yellow, and red coloration using a simple driving procedure. The suppression of AgNP aggregation by PVP was demonstrated even in an electrochemical system. Furthermore, the capping effect of PVP also improved image retention. Better color retention properties were achieved even without the use of any counter-modified electrode cells.

Photodeposition synthesis of hollow g-C3N4/Ag nanotubes with high oxidation properties to enhance visible-light photocatalytic performance

A hollow Ag-deposited g-C3N4 nanotube (CNNT/Ag) with high oxidation properties was synthesized using a simple photodeposition method. The g-C3N4 nanotubes provided abundant active sites and a large specific surface area for effective deposition of Ag nanoparticles. The Ag NPs expanded the light absorption range of g-C3N4 through surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects and acted as an electron acceptor, effectively inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated carriers, thereby improving the charge separation efficiency. The CNNT/Ag composites exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance in the visible light degradation of rhodamine B and tetracycline, 6.42 and 2.16 times higher than pure g-C3N4, respectively. The increased photocatalytic activity of CNNT/Ag composites was attributed to the synergistic electron transfer interface between CNNT and Ag NPs, promoting the migration efficiency of photo-generated carriers. This work presented a promising strategy for constructing effective photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants using morphology optimization and SPR effects on noble metal surfaces.

Ag nanoparticles decorated ZnO nanopagodas for Photoelectrochemical application

Photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC-WS) utilizing solar energy and photoelectrodes immersed in an electrolyte has sparked an increased interest in hydrogen production. The PEC-WS efficiency is enhanced by controlling the nanostructure of photoelectrodes and sensitizing them with plasmonic metals. This study shows how the transformation from ZnO nanorods to ZnO nanopagodas and the deposition of Ag nanoparticles improve the photocurrent and PEC conversion efficiency under sunlight. The deposition of an optimal amount of Ag nanoparticles over ZnO nanopagodas exhibited the highest photocurrent of 2.15 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE, while pure ZnO nanorods and nanopagodas achieved 0.90 and 1.43 mA cm−2, respectively. This extraordinary improvement in photocurrent density was thoroughly analyzed using various PEC and optical measurements as well as electromagnetic simulation. As a result, two main reasons for the improvement were derived. Firstly, ZnO nanopagodas can reduce the charge recombination rate due to the reduced structural defects and improve the light-harvesting ability due to their distinct superstructure characteristics. Secondly, the deposition of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles can improve the interfacial charge transfer and increase the ability to capture visible light due to their localized surface plasmon resonance effects.

Accumulation of Ag(0) Single Atoms at Water/Mineral Interfaces during Sunlight-Induced Reduction of Ionic Ag by Phenolic DOM.

Silver (Ag) undergoes a complex and dynamic Ag+/Ag0 cycle under environmental conditions. The Ag+ → Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) transformation due to the combined actions of sunlight, O2, and dissolved organic matter has been a well-known environmental phenomenon. In this study, we indicate that this process may be accompanied by a pronounced accumulation of Ag(0) single atoms (Ag-SAs) on the minerals' surfaces. According to spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and high-energy-resolution X-ray adsorption fine structure analyses, humic acid (HA) and phenol (PhOH) can induce Ag-SAs accumulation, whereas oxalic acid causes only AgNPs deposition. Ag-SAs account for more than 20 wt % of total Ag(0) on the γ-Al2O3 surfaces during HA- and PhOH-mediated photolysis processes. HA also causes Ag-SAs to accumulate on two other prevalent soil minerals, SiO2 and Fe2O3, and the fractions of Ag-SAs are about 15 wt %. Our mechanism studies suggest that a phenolic molecule acts as a reducing agent of Ag+ and a stabilizer of Ag-SAs, protecting Ag-SAs against autocatalytic nucleation.

Ultraviolet Exposure Improves SERS Activity of Graphene-Coated Ag/ZrO2 Substrates

This study reveals a significant improvement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of Ag/ZrO2 substrates covered with a few-layer graphene preliminary exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. The SERS-active substrates are formed by the “silver mirror” deposition of Ag nanoparticles on annealed zirconia blocks. The film composed of ~3 graphene layers is grown on copper foil by a chemical vapor deposition and then wet-transferred to the SERS-active substrates. The graphene-free Ag/ZrO2 samples are found to provide an enhancement of the Raman scattering from rhodamine 6G (R6G) at a micromolar concentration, which is associated with combined effects from the surface plasmon resonance in the Ag nanoparticles and a charge transfer facilitated by zirconium dioxide. It is revealed that the SERS signal from the analyte molecules can be suppressed by a UV exposure of the Ag/ZrO2 samples due to photocatalytic activity of the wide band gap semiconductor. However, if the samples are covered with a few-layer graphene (Gr/Ag/ZrO2) it prevents the dye molecule decomposition upon the UV treatment and improves SERS activity of the substrates. The 365 nm treatment leads to a 40% increase in the 10–6 M R6G SERS spectrum intensity, while the 254 nm irradiation causes it to rise by 47%, which is explained by different responses from the surface and bulk zirconia crystals to the short and long UV wavelengths. This enhancement is attributed to the distinct responses of surface and in-depth zirconia crystals to varied UV wavelengths and underscores the pivotal role of graphene as a protective and enhancing layer.

Anodizing of commercial galvanized mesh followed by electroless decorating of Ag nanoparticles for application as novel and low-cost photocatalyst for degradation of both dye and microbiological pollutants

In the current work, novel and low-cost photocatalyst-mesh for effective degradation of both dye and microbiological pollutants is introduced. The Ag nanoparticles/anodized galvanized meshes (AgNPs/AGMs) were easily fabricated through electrochemical anodization of commercially galvanized meshes, calcination in the optimized temperature and finally deposition of Ag nanoparticles via electroless treatment. Effective parameters on photocatalytic behaviors of photocatalyst-meshes containing anodizing voltage, anodizing time, calcination temperature and electroless time of AgNPs were carefully optimized. Surface morphology and photocatalytic characterization of meshes were studied by FESEM, ATR-IR, XRD, EDX, UV–Vis DRS and EIS analyses. Antibacterial activities of meshes for degradation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria were investigated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and Mueller-Hinton Broth (MHB) at 37 °C for 18 h. The AgNPs/AGMs revealed significant photocatalytic activity as well as recyclability for degradation of methylene blue dye under UV-light irradiation within 30 min (79.52 %). Moreover, the AgNPs/AGMs exhibited excellent E. coli and S. aureus inactivation efficiency compared to AGMs and bare galvanized meshes. It is expected that AgNPs/AGMs can be used as suitable photocatalysts for degradation of both chemical and biological pollutants in industrial scale.