Percentage Of Depletion Research Articles

The Cataleptic, Asymmetric, Analgesic and Brain Biochemical Effects of Parkinson’s Disease Can Be Affected by Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Purpose: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive motor defect. On the other hand, Toxoplasma gondii (TG) is a parasite that can infect the brain tissue. Therefore, the aim of present investigation was to study of whether catalepsy, asymmetry, nociceptive behavior, the Nissl-body distribution, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels and the percentage of dopamine depletion of striatal neurons in the rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be affected by TG infection. Methods: Fifty rats in five groups were used. Control, intact rats; sham, rats received intrastriatally injection of ACSF, PD control, induction of PD without TG infection; TG control, rats infected by TG without PD induction; PD infected group, third week after PD induction, infection by TG was done. Cataleptic and asymmetrical behavioral tests were carried out in four steps. PD was induced by unilateral intra striatal microinjection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and ELISA quantified dopamine, BDNF, MDA and TAC in the striatum tissue. Cataleptic, asymmetrical, nociceptive and histological alterations were determined by bar test, elevated body swing test, formalin test and Nissl-body counting in the striatal neurons. Results: The results demonstrated that PD significantly increased the number of biased swings, descent latency time, nociceptive behavior and decreased distribution of Nissl-stained neurons compared to control and sham groups. TG infection significantly improved biased swing, descent latency time, nociceptive behavior and the Nissl-body distribution in striatal neurons in comparison to PD control group. Striatal level of BDNF in PD infected and TG control groups significantly increased relative to the PD control group. Striatal MDA was significantly higher in PD control than other groups, while striatal TAC was significantly lower in PD control than other groups. Conclusions: The current study indicates that TG infection could improve the cataleptic, asymmetric, nociceptive behavior and the level of striatal dopamine release, BDNF levels, TAC and MDA in PD rats.

Performance Optimization on Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP in Multi-User MIMO LTE Networks

Recent years have witnessed the emergence and ongoing proliferation of dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH 1), which reuses web servers with HTTP communication instead of relying on RTSP/RTP/RTCP-based media server and promises to be capable of automatically tuning to bandwidth dynamics. Aware of its excellent performance, the third generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) has adopted DASH (with specific codecs and operating modes) for use over mobile wireless networks in order to realize ubiquitous multimedia delivery. In a multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) LTE system, spatial multiplexing gain can be achieved by making sure the transmitter to deliver distinct data streams to multiple receivers simultaneously, which provides the choices to opportunistically schedule the preferred receivers each time for a common time-frequency resource. In such a system, one of the major challenges to enhance DASH performance is to design an effective scheduler that can fully enjoy the benefit of spatial reuse as well as guaranteeing satisfactory video services for all users. To this end, in this paper, we propose a utility maximization framework (UMF) for DASH application delivered over MU-MIMO LTE downlinks. In particular, we characterize DASH performance by a combined utility function in terms of average video rate, playback buffer status, and battery energy state. Correspondingly, we develop a utility-based scheduler that selects multiple user equipments (UEs) to share each common network resource under the consideration of precoding-based MU-MIMO links in order to maximize system-wide DASH performance. We prove the NP-hardness of the scheduling problem and propose a priority search algorithm to provide time-efficient solution. We further incorporate novel rate adaptation on the application layer for the scheduled UEs to dynamically set the requested encoding bitrates to explore the balance between agile responsiveness and shifting smoothness. Extensive system-level simulations with realistic video trace validate the effectiveness of our framework in terms of rate adaptability, playback buffer depletion percentage, and battery energy saving.

Reducing the impact of intensive care unit mattress compressibility during CPR: a simulation-based study

BackgroundThe depth of chest compression (CC) during cardiac arrest is associated with patient survival and good neurological outcomes. Previous studies showed that mattress compression can alter the amount of CCs given with adequate depth. We aim to quantify the amount of mattress compressibility on two types of ICU mattresses and explore the effect of memory foam mattress use and a backboard on mattress compression depth and effect of feedback source on effective compression depth.MethodsThe study utilizes a cross-sectional self-control study design. Participants working in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) performed 1 min of CC on a manikin in each of the following four conditions: (i) typical ICU mattress; (ii) typical ICU mattress with a CPR backboard; (iii) memory foam ICU mattress; and (iv) memory foam ICU mattress with a CPR backboard, using two different sources of real-time feedback: (a) external accelerometer sensor device measuring total compression depth and (b) internal light sensor measuring effective compression depth only. CPR quality was concurrently measured by these two devices. The differences of the two measures (mattress compression depth) were summarized and compared using multilevel linear regression models. Effective compression depths with different sources of feedback were compared with a multilevel linear regression model.ResultsThe mean mattress compression depth varied from 24.6 to 47.7 mm, with percentage of depletion from 31.2 to 47.5%. Both use of memory foam mattress (mean difference, MD 11.7 mm, 95%CI 4.8–18.5 mm) and use of backboard (MD 11.6 mm, 95% CI 9.0–14.3 mm) significantly minimized the mattress compressibility. Use of internal light sensor as source of feedback improved effective CC depth by 7–14 mm, compared with external accelerometer sensor.ConclusionUse of a memory foam mattress and CPR backboard minimizes mattress compressibility, but depletion of compression depth is still substantial. A feedback device measuring sternum-to-spine displacement can significantly improve effective compression depth on a mattress.Trial registrationNot applicable. This is a mannequin-based simulation research.

On the chemistry of the young massive protostellar core NGC 2264 CMM3

We present the first gas-grain astrochemical model of the NGC 2264 CMM3 protostellar core. The chemical evolution of the core is affected by changing its physical parameters such as the total density and the amount of gas-depletion onto grain surfaces as well as the cosmic ray ionisation rate, $\zeta$ . We estimated $\zeta_{\text{CMM3}} = 1.6 \times 10^{-17}~\mbox{s}^{-1}$ . This value is 1.3 times higher than the standard CR ionisation rate, $\zeta _{\text{ISM}} = 1.3 \times 10^{-17}~\mbox{s}^{-1}$ . Species response differently to changes into the core physical conditions, but they are more sensitive to changes in the depletion percentage and CR ionisation rate than to variations in the core density. Gas-phase models highlighted the importance of surface reactions as factories of large molecules and showed that for sulphur bearing species depletion is important to reproduce observations. Comparing the results of the reference model with the most recent millimeter observations of the NGC 2264 CMM3 core showed that our model is capable of reproducing the observed abundances of most of the species during early stages ( $\le 3\times10^{4}~\mbox{yrs}$ ) of their chemical evolution. Models with variations in the core density between $1\mbox{--}20 \times 10^{6}~\mbox{cm}^{-3}$ are also in good agreement with observations during the early time interval $1 \times 10^{4} < t\ (\mbox{yr}) < 5 \times 10^{4}$ . In addition, models with higher CR ionisation rates $(5\mbox{--}10) \times\zeta_{\text{ISM}}$ are often overestimating the fractional abundances of the species. However, models with $\zeta_{\text{CMM3}} = 5 \zeta_{\text{ISM}}$ may best fit observations at times $\sim 2 \times 10^{4}~\mbox{yrs}$ . Our results suggest that CMM3 is $(1\mbox{--}5) \times 10^{4}~\mbox{yrs}$ old. Therefore, the core is chemically young and it may host a Class 0 object as suggested by previous studies.

ZINC AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION TO COMBAT CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN FRESH WATER TELEOST OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (TILAPIA)

Objective: The present work was carried out to know the therapeutic role of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) supplementation to combat cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in selected tissues of freshwater teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) exposed to Cd.Methods: The freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fishes were exposed to 1/10th of LC50/48 hr of Cd i.e.5 ppm for 7, 15 and 30days (d) long sojourn. After 15d Cd exposure, fish were divided into three groups. The 1st group was supplemented with Zn at a dose of 1 ppm; Group–II was supplemented with Ca at the dose of 1 ppm and Group–III received a combination of both Zn and Ca at the above said doses for 7, 15 and 30d. After specific time intervals, fish were sacrificed and liver, kidney, brain, gill and muscle tissues were isolated in ice cold conditions. Then the tissues were used for bioaccumulation studies.Results: A significant (P&lt;0.05) elevation was observed in bioaccumulation levels during Cd exposure. The high amount of Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed kidney (22.353±0.410 µg/g) followed by other tissues. After supplementation with Zn and Ca, Cd accumulation was progressively decreased in all the test tissues. The maximum percentage of Cd depletion was found in 30d Ca-supplemented muscle tissue.Conclusion: Our findings clearly envisage that the Zn and/or Ca supplementation is very effective in reducing the Cd toxicity in the teleostean fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.

Effects of Na2CO3 on seed germination, seed reserve utilizationand seedling growth in bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.)

Alkalinity is one of the main limiting factors of seed germination in alkaline soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Na2CO3 levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mM) on seed germination, seed reserve utilization and seedling vigour of three local bitter vetch cultivars (Buinzahra, Shahreza and Tarom). The results indicated that increasing Na2CO3 concentrations caused a decrease in germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), seedling length, seedling dry weight (SLDW) and seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE). The rate of reduction in shoot length in comparison with the control in different concentrations of Na2CO3 was detected from Buinzahra as 30-92%, Shahreza 39-97% and Tarom 13-83%. Decrease in root length was more than shoot length in all the cultivars at each Na2CO3 level, as compared to the control. The weight of mobilized seed reserve (WMSR) and seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP) decreased with increasing Na2CO3 levels up to 10 mM in Buinzahra and Tarom cultivars and up to 15 mM in Shahreza. WMSR and SRDP then rapidly raised with higher alkalinity levels. These results suggest that reduction of seed germination and decline in seedling dry weight in response to alkalinity stress is a consequence of decline in seed reserve utilization efficiency.

Biotransformation of three phosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in primary human hepatocytes: untargeted metabolite screening and quantitative assessment.

Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) are current high-volume organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers (PFRs) and are abundant in the indoor environment. While recent in vitro research has indicated potential toxic effects in the endocrine system, biotransformation of these compounds is still underexplored. In this study, we aimed to characterize the metabolite formation for three PFRs in primary human hepatocytes, an in vitro system that mimics in vivo liver metabolism more closely than hepatic subcellular fractions or cell lines. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were thawed and suspended in media with 50 μm TBOEP or TCIPP, or 20 μm TPHP up to 2 h. Extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Quantification of biotransformation products in hepatocytes exposed for 2 h revealed that bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate and diphenyl phosphate corresponded to less than half of the depletion of TCIPP and TPHP, respectively, while bis(2-butoxyethyl) 2-hydroxyethyl phosphate compared to 40-66% of the depletion of TBOEP. Other metabolite structures of these PFRs were produced at 4- to 10-fold lower rates. These findings help interpret biological levels of the major metabolites and relate it to levels of their parent PFR. Percentage of substrate depletion was largest for TBOEP followed by comparable values for TPHP and TCIPP, indicating that hepatic clearance of TPHP and TCIPP would be slower than that of TBOEP. The resulting higher levels and longer presence of TPHP in the circulation after exposure, would allow TPHP a larger time window to exert its suspected adverse effects compared to TBOEP. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dynamic QTL analysis of seed reserve utilization in sh2 sweet corn germination stages

In this study, dynamic quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped in a recombinant inbred line (F2:4) population derived from a BF3109 x Q267 cross. This was done during the unconditional (4, 7, and 10 days) and conditional (0 to 4, 4 to 7, and 7 to 10 days) germination stages in sh2 sweet corn. The values of seedling dry weight, weight of mobilized seed reserve (WMSR), seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP), seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE), and their heritability differed across the investigated stages. The heritabilities of these traits were lower at 7D/4D and 10D/7D compared with those at the 4- (4D/0D), 7- and 10-day (D) developmental stages. WMSR and SRDP were significantly negatively correlated with SRUE at the early stage. The unconditional QTL mapping can explain the accumulation of genetic effects of seed reserve utilization from the starting time, whereas the conditional QTL mapping can reveal genetic expression in the time intervals. Fifteen and fourteen additive QTLs were identified by the unconditional and conditional mapping, respectively. The number of additive QTLs and their effect values varied among the different stages. More additive QTLs were found at the later stage (7 to 10 days), based on the conditional mapping results. The identification of QTL mapping based on a combination of time-dependent measurements is important for a better understanding of the genetic bases of seed reserve utilization. It is also important for the improvement of relevant variety traits for subsequent sweet corn-breeding studies using marker-assisted selection.

Study of Depletion and Contamination Profile of Dioxins in Duck Intensive Production

During 2016, following the implementation of a dioxin contamination monitoring in poultry meat (ducks) in a slaughterhouse, a positive sample was found. The investigation identified the wood shavings used as bedding material in the duck farm as the possible source of contamination of these animals. In this episode, contamination profiles of higher and lower concentrations, seem to be very similar, being OCDD, OCDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD responsible for 74.4% of the total contamination of those animals. The study revealed a reduction of poultry contamination after the removal of the source of contamination, with an average daily depletion percentage level ranging between 1.43% and 4.35%.

The role of mixing below the convective zone in evolution of solar lithium

We consider the evolution of lithium in the solar convective zone to explain its low content. The burning of lithium in a nuclear reaction 7Li(p,α)4He occurs intensely at an early stage from the moment of radiative core formation, and its content slowly decreases on the main sequence (MS). We study the percentage of lithium depletion at these two stages. The model without additional mixing below a convective zone predicts a sevenfold decrease of the lithium content, which is considerably less than that required by the observations (160-fold decrease). The new results of the helioseismic inversion indicate on existence of an overshooting region below the convective zone, the thickness of which cannot exceed 3.8% of the solar radius and is likely even thinner. The inclusion of this region in the evolution calculations indicates that lithium cannot burn out in a sufficient quantity on the MS stage. We conclude that lithium must be depleted at an early stage of evolution before the MS. At this early stage, even a relatively small overshooting in the region with a thickness of about 18% of the pressure scale height is sufficient to decrease the lithium content to the observed value.

Effects of phosphorus and seed priming on seed vigor, fatty acids composition and heterotrophic seedling growth of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) grown in a calcareous soil

In order to investigate the effects of increasing soluble phosphorus (P) on seed vigor, fatty acids composition and heterotrophic seedling growth of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) in a calcareous soil, a two-year field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2013 and 2014. The fertilizer resources (vermicimpost (V)+Tiobacilus thiooxidans (T), Sulfur (S)+T, V+S+T and control) and three levels of P (0, 30 and 60kgha−1) were the first and second experimental factors, respectively. In the second experiment, selection treatments (which showed emergence below 60% in the previous experiment) and seed priming (no-priming, water-priming and three levels of P-priming of 100, 300 and 500mM KH2Po4) were the first and second experimental treatments, respectively. The resources of soil amendment (V+T, S+T and V+S+T) significantly decreased the P concentration in seed coat and mean germination time. However, 1000 seed weight, seed vigor, P concentration in embryo and intact seed were significantly increased. The soluble P had significant decreasing effects on linolenic acid. There was the highest significant relationship between linolenic acid and seed vigor (R2=0.74**). In addition, seed reserve depletion percentage, seed reserve utilization efficiency and emergence percentage significantly increased by P-priming treatments. There was a positive correlation between weight of mobilized seed P and emergence percentage of black seeds (R2=0.90**).

P91 – 2939: A novel mutation in the TK2 gene and clinical phenotype in Spanish patients

Objective The aim of this study is to describe the phenotype of 4 Spanish patients and the finding of a novel mutation in TK2 gene. Methods We report 4 unrelated male patients from non-consanguineous families. Details of the clinically features, biochemical, anatomy pathology and genetic findings are presented. Results 3/4 showed a similar phenotype with normal early development until a progressive hypotonia and muscular weakness with a fast motor regression started between 14 and 24 months old. The other patient showed a mild late onset phenotype, starting the clinical symptoms at 4 years old with facial and hand-feet distal muscle weakness. Currently he is able to walk independently with severe hyperlordosis, facial and scapular muscle weakness. All patients presented a mild increase of serum CK and lactate levels. Electromyography showed a myopathy pattern. Muscle biopsy showed dystrophic features and COX negative fibres, lipid vacuoles and ragged red fibres (RRF) in 4/4 patients, but the patient with the mild-late onset phenotype had a less severe pattern. Genetic studies showed more than 80% of depletion in mtDNA in the muscles of all of them. The one with late-onset mild phenotype showed a less reduced percentage of depletion in mtDNA in muscle (50–60%). Sequence analysis of the TK2 gene found two heterozygous pathogenic mutations as previously described in the literature. A novel mutation (c.623A>G; p.Tyr208Cys) was found in one patient with a significant reduction of TK2 activity studied in fibroblast. Conclusion Severe and fast progressive muscle weakness in early childhood should lead the clinicians to search for evidence of mitochondria dysfunction and alert about a possible TK2 deficiency diagnosis. The new approach with dTMP–dCMP in early stages of this disorder should be considered.

The Effect of Biostimulation and Biostimulation-Bioaugmentation on Biodegradation of Oil-Pollution on Sandy Beaches Using Mesocosms

To investigate a suitable biological remediation approaches for anticipating oil spills in Cilacap sandy beach (Indonesia), some alternative strategies using biostimulation and a combination of biostimulation-bioaugmentation have been evaluated in inter tidal near shore Cilacap, Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of biostimulation using slow release fertilizer (SRF) only, combination of biostimulation-single strain bioaugmentation, and combination of biostimulation-consortium bioaugmentation, to enhance oil degradation. The experiment was conducted using sediment polluted 100,000 ppm Arabian Light Crude Oil in a mesocosm system for 90 days. The parameters measured were oil depletion, bacterial growth and changes in environmental conditions. The results showed that the affectivity on oil depletion of biostimulation-bioaugmentation combination was observed faster and higher than biostimulation only. At the 16 th day application, the biostimulation with the added consortium and single strain treatment, increased oil depletion percentage by 2.2 and 1.6 times that of the control, respectively. For a longer period of treatment, both of combination treatments showed similar efficacy in degrading oil contamination in sandy beach. It is proposed that combination of biostimulation-bioaugmentation with the consortium is relatively better alternative for combating oil-pollution for a short period.

Studies on some Garlic Diseases during Storage in Egypt

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the more popular cultivated Alliums and many fungal pathogens causingpostharvest disease under humid and warm storage conditions. Botrytis allii, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solaniwere capable of causing severe rots to cloves of Balady and Chinese garlic cultivars after harvest and during storage.However, Penicillium chrysogenum, Cladosporium sp., Stemphylium botrysum, Helminthosporium allii, Alternariatenuis and Sclerotium cepivorum were less virulent on both cultivars. Immature and mature garlic bulbs of the twocultivars greatly differed in their reactions to the three fungi. The immature bulbs of both cultivars were the mostsusceptible to B. allii, A. niger and F. solani, while the mature bulbs were less infected. In the same time, the percentageof dry cloves and loose bulbs were higher in immature bulbs compared with mature bulbs, either inoculated artificiallyor left for natural infection. In contrast, the mature bulbs showed lower percentages of depletion (waxy brake down),loose bulbs and pathological decay. Higher percentages of healthy bulbs were observed in perforated craft paper,followed by plastic nets and perforated polyethylene bags. Garlic rots were higher in immature bulbs than that in matureones of un-inoculated bulbs of Balady and Chinese cultivars during storage for 150 days at 25°C and 10°C. Dipping thebasal parts of garlic bulbs in 1000 ppm of Thiabendazole (TBZ) in soluble wax were effective in decreasing percentagesof rots in bulbs artificially inoculated with each of B. allii, F. solani and A. niger or left for natural infection. Moreover,treatment with TBZ showed best protective effect against looseness in all treated bulbs.

English

3 ABSTRACT: In this work, the decolorization of Methyl Orange was conducted using catalysts prepared by impregnation of copper on natural clay in the presence of H2O2. The catalysts Cu-clay, prepared from the concentrated metal precursor of (impregnation ratio, W(Cu(NO3)2)/W(clay) = 1,5%-7,5%) were characterized by several methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic scan microscopy (SEM), x-ray fluorescence (FX), and Brunauer-Emmett- Teller (BET). Important factors affecting catalyst activity and methyl orange removal efficiencies were studied: the effects of temperature, oxidant concentration, and catalyst dosage. The results showed, a very significant activation of hydrogen peroxide by the catalyst, the Methyl Orange depletion percentage reaching 94 % after 2 h, and very stability of the catalyst. It was also observed that the best catalyst, at a reaction temperature of 25°C. 2,5ml of H2O2 and 4.0 g/L of 5% Cu-clay, 94% decolorization was achieved within 120 min treatment. Although the Cu show high activity, their stability and reusability still need improvement.

Novel approach for quantitatively estimating element retention and material balances in soil profiles of recharge basins used for wastewater reclamation

We investigated changes in element content and distribution in soil profiles in a study designed to monitor the geochemical changes accruing in soil due to long-term secondary effluent recharge, and its impact on the sustainability of the Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) system. Since the initial elemental contents of the soils at the studied site were not available, we reconstructed them using scandium (Sc) as a conservative tracer. By using this approach, we were able to produce a mass-balance for 18 elements and evaluate the geochemical changes resulting from 19years of effluent recharge. This approach also provides a better understanding of the role of soils as an adsorption filter for the heavy metals contained in the effluent. The soil mass balance suggests 19years of effluent recharge cause for a significant enrichment in Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mg, K, Na, S and P contents in the upper 4m of the soil profile. Combining the elements lode record during the 19years suggest that Cr, Ni, and P inputs may not reach the groundwater (20m deep), whereas the other elements may. Conversely, we found that 58, 60, and 30% of the initial content of Mn, Ca and Co respectively leached from the upper 2-m of the soil profile. These high percentages of Mn and Ca depletion from the basin soils may reduce the soil's ability to buffer decreases in redox potential pe and pH, respectively, which could initiate a reduction in the soil's holding capacity for heavy metals.

The Effect Halo-And Hydro-Priming on Seed Reserve Utilization and Seed Germination of Wheat Seeds Under Salinity Stress

Abstract Seed germination and seedling growth are critical stages in the life cycle of a plant, especially under adverse abiotic stresses. Seed germination negatively affected by stress conditions. Seed priming techniques have been used to increase germination characteristics and improve germination uniformity in more field crops under stressed conditions. This experimental aimed to evaluate the effect of salinity and halo-priming on seed reserve utilization and seed germination of wheat seeds. For create salinity stress, NaCl in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -4, -8, - 12 and -16 bar was used. Seeds of were pretreated with halo-priming at 10 °C for 24 h and water at 10 °C for 24 h. Our results showed that treatment×drought interaction on these traits: germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were significant. The highest germination percentage was obtained from halo priming in control conditions. Thus priming improved study traits in wheat under salinity stress. Priming increased germination percentage and seed reserve utilization as compared to the unprimed seeds. The highest germination percentage and seed reserve utilization were as obtained from halo priming in control conditions.

Effects of cold plasma treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of soybean.

Effects of cold plasma treatment on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr cv. Zhongdou 40) seed germination and seedling growth were studied. Seeds were pre-treated with 0, 60, 80, 100 and 120 W of cold plasma for 15 s. Results showed that plasma treatments had positive effects on seed germination and seedling growth, and treatment of 80 W had the highest stimulatory effect. Germination and vigor indices significantly increased by 14.66% and 63.33%, respectively. Seed's water uptake improved by 14.03%, and apparent contact angle decreased by 26.19%. Characteristics of seedling growth, including shoot length, shoot dry weight, root length and root dry weight, significantly increased by 13.77%, 21.95%, 21.42% and 27.51%, respectively, compared with control. The seed reserve utilization, including weight of the mobilized seed reserve, seed reserve depletion percentage and seed reserve utilization efficiency significantly improved by cold plasma treatment. In addition, soluble sugar and protein contents were 16.51% and 25.08% higher than those of the control. Compared to a 21.95% increase in shoot weight, the root weight increased by 27.51% after treatment, indicating that plasma treatment had a greater stimulatory effect on plant roots. These results indicated that cold plasma treatment might promote the growth even yield of soybean.

Effect of moisture depletion levels onsome physical properties of soil, growth and tomato yield intillage and non-tillage soil

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of moisture depletion levels on some soil physical properties, growth and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) yield on tillage and non-tillage soil with loamy soil texture in Al-Saqlawia origin during summer season/2013. The study includes two factors; the first, three levels of moisture depletion (D); 25% (D25), 50% (D50) and 75% (D75). Second factor (S) two levels: non- tillage (To) and tillage (Ts). The study has been carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. The experiment land was irrigated with surface drip irrigation system, emitter discharge rate was 4 L.hr-1. The irrigation at growth season was scheduled depending on losses from the American Evaporation Pan. The bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter also growth properties and yield of tomato were measured at the end of growth season. The results showed that: By decreasing moisture depletion and depending zero tillage, some of studied soil physical properties was obtained positive development, but negative effect has been obtained at high depletion percentage depending conventional tillage. The percentage of bulk density decreased from 4.44% to 2.90%, while percentage of hydraulic conductivity increased from 16.88% to 18.51%, also the values of mean weight diameter from 28.00% to 32.35% by lowering percentage of moisture from 75% to 25% depending on zero and conventional tillage, respectively. Whereas percentage of root length, plant height and yield of tomato were decreased from 15.45%, 15.10%; 7.97%, 4.68%; 18.50%, 4.20% by lowering percentage of moisture depletion from 75% to 25% at depending zero and conventional tillage respectively

The Effects of Salinity Stress on Seed Reserve Utilization and Germination Percentage of Treated Seeds of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

ABSTRACT In order to investigate salinity stress on seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of treated seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), an experiment was carried out. Factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replicates. To create salinity stress, NaCl in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -4, -8, -12 and -16 bar were used. For seed priming, gibberellin (GA) 50 ppm was used. Our results showed that treatment × drought interaction on these traits: germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were significant. The highest germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were attained from priming by gibberellin at control conditions. Thus, priming increased characteristics as compared to the unprimed. Priming improved seed reserve utilization such as: weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve, seed reserve depletion percentage, seed reserve utilization efficiency and seedling growth in barley under salinity stress.