Depletion Of Energy Resources Research Articles

Design and Development of an IoT Gateway for Smart Building Applications

Due to the depletion of energy resources and increased energy demand, there is an increased focus on the energy consumption and management in buildings. Many building energy management (BEM) software platforms are commercially available to monitor and control energy consumption. These platforms are hosted on the physical hardware within the building, due to which the hardware specifications limit their performance. To address this limitation, cloud technology emerged which facilitates software to be deployed at a remote location that has scalable hardware resources. Conventional BEM software can leverage such a cloud platform to offer scalable and maintenance-free installation. Once hosted on a remote cloud platform, BEM software lacks direct connectivity to building sensors/controllers, hence requires a device to support remote accessibility. Most devices are bound to a local area network and therefore, need an additional functional layer on top of its communication stack to perform network address translation (NAT)-Traversal. This functionality is implemented on a scalable software which connects to the devices in the network and acts as a gateway for cloud-based BEM software to access devices in the local area network. Any message sent to this gateway is translated to a respective device protocol. This paper describes the design and implementation of such an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway for a cloud-based BEM system that requires support for BACnet, Modbus, and HTTP RESTful interface devices.

Optimization of power quality in wind energy conversion system using hybrid modulation

Generation of power from renewable sources of energy is being more actively researched in recent times due to fast depletion of non-renewable energy resources. One among the renewable energy resource is tapping of energy from wind turbines where wind energy is converted into ample electrical energy. However, power generation systems are often influenced by several attributes which affect the quality of power generated. One among them is the crucial harmonics which if present in significant measures tends to degrade power quality. This research paper proposes a control technique which operates at voltage source inverter level incorporated in a wind energy conversion system to reduce the overall THD%. A hybrid control mechanism is employed in the proposed work which actively works to reduce the harmonic spread factor as well as voltage harmonics by providing precise decision of carrier states which form an integral part of the feedback shift register present in the system. The emphasis therefore extricates to arrive at an appropriate choice of the carrier and ensembles a comparative analysis of the voltage harmonic reduction strategy that includes sinusoidal PWM, random PWM, space vector PWM and hybrid SVPWM techniques. The framework evaluates the performance using MATLAB simulation and validates the results through a prototype to establish the suitability of the scheme for use in practice.

Quantitative Analysis of Carbon Emissions in Precision Turning Processes and Industrial Case Study

With growing concerns regarding the global environment, the industrial sector has played a significant role; that is, it is responsible for consuming large amount of energy and resources, while simultaneously producing wastes and carbon dioxide. A quantitative calculation of carbon emission in the turning process is presented in this paper. A generic carbon emission system boundary based on exergy balance is proposed first to avoid blurred system boundaries or the omission of elements. Then, a carbon emission model (iERWC) is formed by converting energy consumption (E), resource depletion (R) and waste generation (W) to equivalent carbon emissions (C) based on information flow (i), which effectively solves the problem of quantifying the impact of the machining process on the environment. Finally, the model is verified by experiments, and a simulation analysis is carried out. Additionally, the influence rule of processing parameters on carbon emissions is analyzed, and the cutting parameter that produces the lowest carbon emission is given.

Factors influencing the spread of green building projects in the UAE

The concept of green buildings has gained increased importance in the last two decades, as it offers pertinent solutions to global problems related to the depletion of energy and water resources as well as to the problems associated with the accumulation of waste products from the construction process. In this research, we studied the factors that affect the spread of green buildings in the United Arab Emirates. We subdivided these factors into barriers, drivers and promoters and then investigated these factors through a survey questionnaire to gather the opinions of construction professionals in the UAE. The results of this study can be applied to almost all the countries in the Middle East, as the UAE is regarded as a leading country in the region in the field of construction technology. Several international studies have tried to identify the challenges faced by sustainable projects globally. In this research, we will draw attention to the challenges in the UAE and the similarity and the differences between these and the challenges present in other parts of the world in terms of obstacles and drivers to the spread of sustainability. Most of the previous studies have focused on only the barriers faced by green buildings in the initial stages of design and construction, which are, in general, lack of experience, extended cost and shortage of time, inadequate governmental support and low knowledge and demand from investors and end users.In this research, we are going to focus on issues influencing GBTs in the world and also include the barriers, drivers that promotes the operational stage of green projects factors internationally which the use of survey gathered through data collected and examined with the use of SPSS analysis in getting the barriers that leads to the governmental promoters that influences the GB spread in the UAE.

Review Present and Future Prospective of Green Technologies

In the modern age, changes in climate, global warming, depletion of energy resources and other concerns related to the environment have prompted the development of green technologies. Scientists consider that the expansion in the echelons of the sustainable development will influence sustainable economics as well as societies. It will likewise have an extremely positive effect on supportability later on. Technical progressions in the cutting edge society symbolize human creativity and novelties. Conversely, that innovation has brought about the disturbance of ecology from a region to worldwide level. Green technologies have a positive prospect in addressing the necessities of monetary sustainability. But, factors concerning ecological and societal sustainability should be strengthened in a conjoint way. Environmental in addition to economic influence and effectiveness of an innovation ought to be broken down before the use of technologies. It ought to be a win-win circumstance while financial and economic and sustainable progressions are profoundly emphasized on. This review paper delivers a general idea of green technologies. The difficulties looked in progressing and executing green technologies and modern patterns that result in sustainability are moreover talked about. This review likewise portrays administrative strategies and fund associated issues.

High-capacitance activated bio-carbons with controlled pore size distribution for sustainable energy storage

Depletion of fossil-fuel energy resources creates a demand for sustainable energy technologies and therefore necessitates the development of sustainable energy storage devices with sustainable materials, eco-efficient synthetic methods, and robust cycle life. Electric double layer capacitors are potential candidates for sustainable energy storage because they usually employ carbon-based electrode materials with semi-permanent lifetimes and high powers. Although various carbon materials are commercially available, new methods are needed to produce eco-efficient synthesized carbon materials with high performances. Herein, we introduce an effective strategy that uses biomaterials as carbon sources and adopts a reusable KOH solution soaking method for the activation process to reduce KOH consumption, which includes a pore-size control process to enhance electrochemical performances. The obtained bio-carbons exhibit specific capacitances (160.6 and 151.2 F g−1 in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively) superior to that of commercially available activated carbon (~80 F g−1), which is attributed to the synergetic effect between the pore-size-controlled activated carbon for efficient ion transport and the well-matched electrolyte. Our strategy provides a versatile method for the scalable fabrication of sustainable energy storage materials and is promising for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.

Technologies of zero energies buildings. A review

Buildings represent a significant proportion of total carbon and energy emissions worldwide and play an important role in the formulation of sustainable development strategies. Several countries have adopted or consider the possibility of establishing Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) as their future energy targets to alleviate the problems related to the depletion of energy resources and the deterioration of the environment. The objective of this contribution is to expose the research trends in ZEB technologies.To achieve this goal, the contribution is supported by an article review carried out in the academic directory Scopus.The information extracted from this catalog was processed in the VOSviewer software, through which the text mining, map of terms and networks of investigative action was carried out. The consumption of energy and resources of buildings, from the design stage; it has become the most studied research topic since 2015. The research detects niches of research in three areas: life cycle cost analysis, environmental impact, and social policies.

A novel power optimized hybrid renewable energy system using neural computing and bee algorithm

ABSTRACT With rapid depletion of non-renewable energy resources or the fossil fuels like coal, petroleum etc., there has been a significant shift in innovations towards exploiting and tapping of energy from renewable energy resources like sun, bio gas, wind etc., E Off late, there has been an increased research towards combined or hybrid integrated energy generation systems based on renewable resources like sun-wind, sun-biogas etc., These hybrid systems effectively address the past demerits observed in standalone systems which could provide substantial power only during specific periods and seasons. For example, solar power would be much reduced during the night time. Hence hybrid systems effectively counteract this issue as the lack of stability in one system is well compensated by the other. This research paper proposes an optimized hybrid PV-wind power generation system with optimization towards maximization of power generated from the system with the help of neural architecture and bee colony algorithm. The proposed system has been implemented and tested for a wide range of solar irradiances and wind velocities and maximum and stable power generation has been observed when compared to existing techniques.

Optimal Single Point Injection of PV based DG Maximizing Technical, Social and Environmental Benefits in Radial Distribution Systems using JAYA Algorithm

Power crisis is becoming a major challenge in modern day world due to ever increasing load demand leading to fast depletion of energy resources. As the number of loads connected to the distribution network increase, maintaining the voltage profile of the distribution network is becoming increasingly difficult for the network operator. The pollutants from a fossil fuel based power plant have adverse effects on the environment. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the technical, economic and environmental impacts on single point optimal allocation of DG on a radial distribution network. The test systems considered are standard IEEE 33 bus, 69 bus and 85 bus test systems.

A Three-Level Universal Electric Vehicle Charger Based on Voltage-Oriented Control and Pulse-Width Modulation

Electric vehicles (EVs) could be used to address the issues of environmental pollution and the depletion of non-renewable energy resources. EVs, which are energized by a battery storage system, are becoming attractive because they keep the environment clean. Furthermore, the cost of EVs is becoming cheaper. Thus, EVs will become a significant load on utility distribution system in the future. EV chargers play a significant role in the expansion of EVs. The input current of an EV charger with a high total harmonic distortion (THD) and a high ripple distortion of the output voltage can impact battery life and battery charging time. Furthermore, the high cost and large size of the chargers are considered other issues in EV development. This work presents the complete design process of a universal EV charger with a special focus on its control algorithms. In this regard, a novel control algorithm based on the integration of voltage-oriented control (VOC) and the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) technique is proposed to ensure effective Levels 1, 2, and 3 battery charging. A simulation of the universal EV charger was conducted and assessed in MATLAB–Simulink. Moreover, a laboratory prototype was constructed with a TMS320F28335 digital signal processor (DSP) programmed as the controller to validate its operation and performance. The findings show that the proposed charger is able to provide a controllable and constant charging voltage for a variety of EVs, with an input current of low total harmonic distortion (THD) and an almost unity power factor.

MEASURING IMPACT TO USE RENEWABLE ENERGY ON COSTS RAISING GROUNDWATER FOR A SAFETY ENVIRONMEN AN APPLIED STUDY

This current study drives at measuring impact of using renewable energy on costs of elevating the underground wells' waters for the purpose of conserving the environment. Energy considers one of the critical challenges meeting our present world, for being one of the vitally important sectors all over the world. Energy expresses and reflects developmental processes. However, the growth and economic development the world has witnessed in the last few decades resulting in excessive consumption of natural resources, specifically, the fossil has been threatening the security of global energy warning of energy resources depletion. Another threat has been connected to energy in these few decades is the environmental pollution which has increased remarkably to affect passively the absorbing capacity of environment and creating ecological imbalance. Therefore, all the world states have been convinced with the necessity of solving and treating the environmental problems, meeting the challenge of how to produce balance between conserving the environment and achieving development at the same time. The most important study results are summed up in: 1- Renewable energy is critically important in environment's protection, for being a clean nonpolluting energy, besides expansion in its use leads to shrinkage of use of traditional energy resources which affects the environment negatively. 2- Solar energy has a promising future as a clean renewable energy that energy experts think it will be the ideal fuel for future. The most important recommendations: 1- Increasing awareness of rationalizing energy use in all fields, either the traditional or the alternative energy, combating wrong behaviors, setting targeting media program to enlighten citizens with the value of renewable energy and its uses. Added to that, including renewable energy sciences within educational curricula to bring up a cultured generation of the present and future condition of energy problem in order to contribute secure resources of clean and renewable energy. 2- Developing and supporting specialized scientific organizations and authorities concerned with renewable energy, particularly, in funding in order to cope with recent technological advancements occur in field of global renewable energy.

Mixed domestic-waste catalysts for methyl ester production of soybean oil

Nowadays due to the depletion of non-renewable energy resources, production of green material from domestic wastes has played an important role. The waste of banana peel impregnated with calcium oxide (CaO) from eggshell had successfully been used as a low-cost catalyst to transesterify soybean oil to produce methyl ester. The catalytic actions from potassium and calcium oxide content in calcined banana peel (700°C) and eggshell (900°C) discover through FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. Methyl ester conversion can be obtained at 76.87 wt.% with the optimal condition of 7 wt.% of catalyst amount, methanol/oil mass ratio, 9:1; and the reaction temperature, 65 °C within 2 h reaction time.

Investigation on Possibilities of Cooling Effect from Oxygen Lines in a Municipal Hospital

The consumption of energy in the world is increasing day by day, which results in faster depletion of energy resources. This problem to some extent can be tackled by using Waste Heat Recovery System. Waste Heat recovery process consists of using waste heat produced from a system for pre-heating or cooling the air in the same system or other. Large size capacity oxygen tanks are installed in hospitals for supplying oxygen gas. This liquid oxygen undergoes phase transitions while absorbing heat from surroundings thereby producing cold energy at the vicinity.From the study, we understood that around 3TR of cooling capacity is available which can be utilized for cooling purpose via insulated ducts. This will help in the conservation of energy. After simulation, we observe that there is an only small temperature difference between the inlet and outlets of the duct. Room simulation tells us that inside temperature of the room is around 292K when the surrounding temperature is 308K.

Production of syngas from agricultural residue as a renewable fuel and its sustainable use in dual-fuel compression ignition engine to investigate performance, emission, and noise characteristics

ABSTRACTIn the present era, the world is in a difficult position as the prime problems, like continuous depletion of nonrenewable energy resources at a brisk rate and environment pollution due to emission of greenhouse gases which are released on burning fossil fuels, are worsening day by day. Due to this, the interest of the researchers is shifting toward the idea of alternative fuels derived from biomasses, which are renewable in nature and eco-friendly in contrast to the conventional fossil fuels, to reduce the dependence on exhausting nonrenewable energy sources. In the present study, agricultural residues like cotton stalks and wheat straws are processed in a downdraft gasifier to produce syngas through biomass gasification. The produced syngas is further inducted in a gasifier-coupled dual-fuel compression ignition (DFCI) engine to investigate the performance, emission, and noise characteristics of the dual fuel engine to compare the standard diesel operation and syngas-diesel dual fuel operation. The results during the investigation concluded that Dual Fuel Compression Ignition (DFCI) engine works satisfactorily in dual fuel mode of syngas-diesel. Moreover, a maximum 44.44% of reduction in diesel consumption is observed with a slight decrease in indicated power by 3.49% at the maximum loading condition. In addition to the reduction in diesel consumption, the emission of nitrogen oxide was reduced by maximum of 76.74% in dual fuel mode as compared to standard diesel operation.

Depletable Energy, Intermediate Goods Quality, and Sustainable Growth

ABSTRACT In this article, we attempt to develop a four-sector endogenous growth model with depletable energy resources to study how energy resource depletion and R&D would affect long-run economic growth. We apply the Schumpeterian approach of vertical innovation to characterize technological progress by the efficiency improvement in intermediate goods. We obtain the social optimal equilibrium of this economic system and discuss the conditions for the existence of balanced growth path. We also conduct stability analysis of the optimal long-run balanced growth path and come up with some appropriate policy recommendations.

Research on evaluation and optimization of sustainable indoor environment of public buildings in Xi’an in summer

ABSTRACT There have been more concerns over energy resource depletion and indoor comfort improvement along with the increased time spend in a building. Building operation requires more energy in the spaces of high occupancy density in public buildings in summer because most energy has been consumed to make the indoor environment comfortable. Therefore, there is a conflicting issue for optimization, which is minimum energy consumption vs. maximum indoor comfort. In this paper, the indoor comfort model was established based on the weights of the thermal environment and air quality. The indoor air temperature, indoor relative humidity and indoor CO2 concentration as KPI (Key performance indicators) are optimized dynamically according to different outdoor meteorological parameters and different indoor occupancy density by an improved multi-objective optimization method of Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). A single suitable solution from the non-inferior solutions is selected by the method of fuzzy comprehensive decision. The single solution of those KPI can be used as the set point of air-conditioning controller. A case study was carried out and the corresponding simulation of optimization of energy and comfort was presented. The results showed that the methodology can achieve the maintenance of indoor comfort and energy consumption reduction.

Design and Implementation of IoT-based HVAC and Lighting System for Energy Saving

Building Energy Management System(BEMS) technology is under study as one of the various solutions to environmental problems such as depletion of energy resources, global warming, and climate change. Solving the energy problems of the future BEMS is not the only goal. Occupants must be guaranteed a comfortable environment. HVAC systems and lighting systems are a large part of building energy consumption, which also means that it is an important part of energy conservation. In this paper, we propose IoT-based HVAC and Lighting(I-HVAC&L) system for HVAC system and lighting system management. With I-HVAC&L System, you can save energy efficiency without compromising the convenience of residents’.

CONCEPTION OF A MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM IN SOLAR ENERGY: INFRASTRUCTURE, STRUCTURE AND RESULTS

Sustainable development is a key issue for the modern world economy. A solution for reducing the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on climate change and for compensating depletion of conventional energy resources relies on green economy and renewable energy. Polytechnic University Timisoara has a pioneering role in research and applications of solar energy to industrial and residential systems in Romania. The Renewable Energies -Solar master program has been introduced for providing a formal framework for environmental education and is dedicated to formation of highly qualified specialists. The program is organized by the Department of Physical Engineering Fundamentals since 2008. We present the motivation, conception, structure and results obtained by running this master program. Competences of graduates include: knowledge of thermal and photovoltaic solar energy chains, innovation in solar technology, assessment of new solar systems, ability to design automated systems for solar energy applications, operation and maintenance of solar systems and installations and management of solar systems. The curriculum and the syllabi have been designed for the creation and development of: cognitive competences, practical and applied skills, management, communication and relational abilities that are useful to the specialist working in the field of Solar Energy in the first half of the XXI century.

Design and implementation of a prototype hybrid micro grid model for available weather conditions

The increasing threat to environment and the consequent depletion of renewable energy resources has led the hybrid energy system to come in the forefront. A renewable energy model (PV-wind hybrid integration) is complementary in nature and can potentially address the energy crisis in the fast developing society. A MATLAB/SIMULINK based PV-wind hybrid generation system is developed. The proposed work is aimed at to design and simulate a hybrid model according to the power needs of a test area consisting of around thirty households with 4 kWh/day average household requirement. The simulated study is cross verified with the similar hardware prototype to check feasibility, sustainability and viability of the hybrid model. The weather conditions consisting of insolation, day, time, temperature, latitude, longitude, panel angle, etc. of the test area have been acquired for hardware purpose. A case study of a state in India is used to develop the proposed model.

Proactive Building Energy Management Methods based on Fuzzy Logic and Expert Intelligence

Buildings consume a signifcant percentage of the world’s energy resources. The rapid depletion of energy resources, has imparted researchers to focus on energy conservation and wastage. The next generation of intelligent buildings is becoming a trend to cope with the needs of energy and environmental ease in buildings. This advances the intelligent control of building to fulfll the occupants’ need. Intelligent system control for sustainable buildings is dynamic and highly complex.