Dependent Quantities Research Articles

Assessment of Suicidal Ideation among Patients Attending Deaddiction Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract Background: In substance use, disorder suicide is the major cause of mortality. Evidence suggests that there is some relation between suicidal ideation (SI) and substance use. There are an inadequate number of studies in Indian settings regarding SI among patients attending the deaddiction clinic. Objectives: This study investigates the presence of SI and its association with sociodemographic data. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 patients who attended the deaddiction clinic and were screened for SI using a convenient sample technique based on the inclusion criteria through the interview method. Data collection tools used were a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version IBM SPSS ®21 using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and statistical tests (Chi-square test and Student’s t-test) with a level of significance <0.05. Results: The study found that out of 104 participants, 34.6% had a history of SI and 13.5% had a history of actual attempts, most of them were of low lethality, but none had any such ideation at the time of assessment. The research found there is a strong association of SI with many of the sociodemographic variables, such as tobacco age of dependent use and quantity of alcohol use, which showed a significant relationship with SI, with P < 0.05. Regarding the perceived social support, the result shows most of the patients had a moderate perceived social support. Conclusion: The results found that 1/3rd of the patients had experienced SI and about 1/8th of them had an actual attempt.

Research on Trap Characteristic Mechanisms of Thermochromic Phase Change Epoxy Composite With Confined Structure

Thermochromic phase change insulating composite can realize a series of advanced functions under electrothermal stimuli, which has been widely applied in numbers of intelligent electrical and electronic devices. However, due to the confined structure of thermochromic phase change insulating composite, the trap characteristics cannot be analyzed by current interface models of nanodielectrics, inhibiting the scientific improvement of dielectric reliability under the electrothermal stress. In this paper, the trap characteristic and mechanism of thermochromic phase change epoxy composites are studied by the isothermal surface potential decay (ISPD) and the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Results show that the variation trends of trap characteristics after introducing confined structures are opposite at 30℃ and 70℃, which could derive from the confined phase change or the confined interface. Theoretical analysis shows that the influence of confined phase change on temperature dependent trap characteristics is inconsistent with experimental results, which could not be the essential reason influencing the trap characteristics. KPFM in-situ characterization directly verifies the existence of potential barriers in the confined interface, which originates from the contact electrification mechanism. The temperature dependent charge quantity variation due to contact electrification at the confined interface could impact the barrier height, which substantially affecting the temperature dependent trap characteristics.

The varying viscosity impact in an inclined peristaltic channel with diffusion‐thermo and thermo‐diffusion

AbstractA mathematical model is constructed to investigate the behavior of peristaltic flow of Jeffrey fluid in an inclined tapered asymmetric porous channel. The fluid viscosity is taken as space dependent variable quantity. Heat absorption, Soret and Dufour effects are also retained in the current scrutiny. These preferences have broad applications in engineering, biology and industry. We began our investigation by taking into account the two‐dimensional inclined asymmetric porous channel. In the context of mathematical modeling, the appropriate dimensional nonlinear equations for momentum, heat and mass transport are simplified into dimensionless equations by applying the essential estimation of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The solution of the governing equations is executed numerically. A graphical depiction of many crucial physical characteristics on velocity, temperature, concentration, heat transfer rate, Nusselt number and Streamlines have been reported in ending section. Temperature profile exhibits an escalation with the augmentation of Brinkman number and Dufour number . For the growing values of Prandtl number , an increment in temperature profile is observed whilst a reverse tendency is captured for concentration profile. It is noted that concentration profile falls down owing to the enhancement in Soret number and Schmidt number . An oscillatory outlook is noticed for heat transfer rate and Nusselt number. The novelty of this proposed model in the research domain specifically depends on considerations of the combined study of the Variable viscosity, Darcy resistance, Viscous dissipation, Mixed convention, Heat absorption, Soret and Dufour effects in peristaltic flow of non‐ Newtonian Jeffrey fluid in an inclined Asymmetric tapered channel under the influence of convective boundary conditions.

On methodological tools for studying problems of the development of agro-industrial complex

The article considers the methodological tools used by domestic and foreign scientists to carry out research and educational activities in the field of studying problems of development of the agro-industrial complex. Within the framework of the study, it was established that, despite the applied and practice-oriented nature of food issues, scientists use theoretical rather than empirical research methods to a greater extent — they predominantly turn to traditional and simplest methods of processing information, without fully using the existing economic –mathematical and economic-statistical apparatus. It has been revealed that scientists, as a rule, use only methods of deterministic factor analysis in relation to clearly dependent quantities and indicators, while methods of stochastic factor analysis are practically not used; the insufficiency and limitation of using the balance method as one of the key ways to determine the substantive aspect of the studied sphere have been established. Based on the results, the author’s approach to the use of methodological tools for the balanced development of food supply for the population is proposed, where at the first stage calculation methods for assessing economic information are used, at the second stage — methods of factor analysis, at the third — theoretical research methods and at the final stage — methods of modeling and optimization of economic indicators. The results of the study can be used to improve the conceptual and fundamental foundations for the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex and future practical transformations in the food sector.

The mean square displacement of a ballistic quantum particle

A commonly used quantum mechanical formulation of the mean square displacement δ x 2 ( t ) is based on the quantum correlation function of the position operator. While this quantity yields the classically expected result δ x 2 ( t ) ∝ t 2 for a ballistic particle in the interval topology, it is found here to diverge at essentially all times, when evaluated on infinitely large rings. A somewhat different formulation of the mean square displacement in quantum mechanics was proposed in a previous work (R. Marquardt, Mol. Phys. 119, e1971315 (2021)) and yielded the result δ x 2 ( t ) ∝ t for the ballistic particle on an infinitely large ring. Here, it is shown analytically that that formulation yields δ x 2 ( t ) ≡ 0 for the ballistic particle on an infinitely long interval. The two formulations define two different, topology dependent quantities that have the dimension of an area and that could in principle be determined from the same experiment, following a measurement idea proposed in the aforementioned work. That idea is critically reviewed here.

A predictor–corrector Monte Carlo method for thermal radiative transfer equations

In this paper, we develop a predictor–corrector Monte Carlo method for solving the thermal radiative transfer equations. A two-step numerical method is employed when the material temperature violates the maximum principle. It utilizes the effective scattering technique in the standard implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) method in each step. Then a linear combination of the prediction and correction solutions is obtained as the final solution, where the coefficient is determined by solving an optimization problem. The new method is more implicit than the IMC method in that it uses a more implicit estimate for the material temperature dependent quantities. Moreover, we note that the last modification step is necessary because using the iterative solution directly may overestimate the material temperature when large time steps are used. Numerical simulations show that the new method can significantly mitigate the violation of maximum principle in comparison with the standard IMC method, and results in more accurate solutions than the original predictor–corrector method when the time step is large.

Numerical Two-Phase Simulations of Alkaline Water Electrolyzers

This study presents a computational simulation of a zero-gap alkaline water electrolysis cell. The model employed is a three-dimensional, steady-state, non-isothermal, two-phase-flow computational fluid dynamics approach, which has been implemented by means of the OpenFOAM software library. This integration expands the capabilities of the existing libraries within the open-source framework, openFuelCell2, by introducing novel surface and volumetric coupling strategies to connect the dependent quantities over the existing interfaces and different regions. Additionally, the Nernst–Planck equation is incorporated into the two-phase Eulerian–Eulerian framework to describe the behavior of the liquid electrolyte within the cell.The model’s validation in this study is based on experimentally-determined polarization curves for various temperatures and volumetric flow rates. The results obtained show good agreement with the experimentally-acquired data. The implemented model has demonstrated its ability to accurately predict the transport of ions within the electrolyte and assess the influence of the generated gas phase on the local distribution of current density.

Dominance Patterns Specified by the Ideal Gas Equation: Example of Examining Simultaneous Multivariate Relation with Scale Analysis Approach

Climate science involves various functional relations and needs to investigate the dominance or relative importance of the variables in their relation. In our previous studies, we examined several problems in which causal relations are established, showing how the dependent quantity is affected by two or more independent variables. With linear fitting, the relative contributions of the variables to the variation of the quantity are compared. In this study, we examine constraint relation, which is a simultaneous multivariate relation, with all variables in the relation being equal in position. The relation can generally be nonlinear. To be convenient for examining the dominance, plane equation fitting can be used to linearize the relation. The equation of state for ideal dry air is investigated as a simple case of the relation. For this special case, a linearized relation can be obtained from both the fitting and the derivation. The scale analysis tool used in dynamic meteorology is applied here for the dominance analysis. Through comparing the scales of the terms, we can simplify the equation. The simplified relations correspond, respectively, to Charle’s law, Boyle’s law, and Gay-Lussac’s law. The geographical preferences of the different dominance patterns are exhibited. In addition, when considering the change of the variable that is smallest in scale, we can identify which factor is the dominator. The ideal gas law is intentionally chosen as the example, since the relation is simple in form, and the results of dominance can be deduced analytically. A comparison demonstrates that the methods used here for the dominance analysis are reliable.

Numerical simulation for thermal enhancement of $ H_2O $ + Ethyl Glycol base hybrid nanofluid comprising $ GO + (Ag, AA7072, MoS_2) $ nano entities due to a stretched sheet

<abstract><p>The evaluation of compact heat density gadgets requires effective measures for heat transportation. Enhancement in thermal transportation of hybrid nanofluids comprising of water plus ethyl glycol with the dispersion of three different nano-entities is considered. The fluids are transported through a porous medium over a permeable elongating sheet. Water and ethyl glycol are $ (50 \% -50 \%) $. The three cases for hybrid species consist of (a) Graphene oxide (Go) + AA7072, (b) Go + Molybdenum sulfide, (c) Go + silver. The volume fraction of nano-entities is greater than 0.3%. It is presumed that the fluid flow is non-Newtonian. Two on-Newtonian fluids models namely Maxwell fluid and Casson fluid are taken into consideration to present comparative behavior in the existence of the nano-particle mixture. The leading equations are altered into ordinary differential form. A robust numerical procedure embraced with Runge-Kutta methodology and shooting strategy is employed to attain results for the dependent physical quantities. It is noticed that the velocity is diminished against the magnetic field parameter and porosity parameter. The temperature for case (a) Go + AA7072 is the highest and it is lowest for case (c) Go + silver. The temperature and velocity functions of both the fluids (Casson and Maxwell fluids) are incremented with larger inputs of hybrid nano-species. The results can find applications for the better performance of electronic equipment, and heat exchangers.</p></abstract>

Electro-viscous effect of nanofluid flow over a rotating disk

In this research work, we investigate an unsteady flow over a rotating disk. We assign symbols to the selected dependent and independent quantities. Then all physical systems are modeled to mathematical form by applying physical laws for an ionized liquid flow over a rotating disk with nanoparticles from the set of Poisson Nernst–Planck model, Energy equation and Navier–Stokes equations. The set of partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions are transformed to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations for an electro-viscous flow of nanofluid over a rotating disk by using similarity transformations. The unknown physical quantities are investigated through Parametric Continuation Method (PCM). For physical purpose, physical quantities like flow behavior thermal properties, thermal variation, the distribution of ions in the fluid region, skin friction, are analyzed through graphical and tabulated results. As exact solutions are not possible for nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) system, therefore, such quantities are subjected to numerical calculation following Parametric Continuation Method (PCM) and validated the result through BVP4c package in Matlab.

Variation in the propagation characteristics of extraordinary mode with density, magnetic field and temperature in a relativistic plasma environment

Propagation characteristics of extraordinary mode (perpendicularly propagating electromagnetic wave which is partly transverse and partly longitudinal known as X-mode) are examined in a relativistic, weakly relativistic and non-relativistic plasma environment for various density to magnetic field ratio (). The dispersion relation for X-mode is derived by using the relativistic kinetic model and employing Maxwell-Juttner distribution function. The integrals involved in the calculation are evaluated by using numerical quadrature approach. The mass dependent quantities like the cyclotron frequency and the plasma frequency will change by introducing sufficiently high temperature for which . This will effect significantly the propagation characteristics of X-mode. As the relativistic effects increase, the absorption at cyclotron frequency reduces and the dispersion characteristics of plasma vanishes. With the increase in the density or decrease in the magnetic field, the upper hybrid frequency and the right cutoff frequency shifted to a higher value, altering the propagation region.

New superhard tetragonal BCN from crystal chemistry and first principles

Novel ternary equiatomic BCN compound structurally based on the ‘glitter’ C6 with both tetrahedral (sp3) and trigonal (sp2) carbons has been predicted using crystal chemistry rationale and supported by first principles calculations of energies and energy dependent quantities within density functional theory (DFT). Crystal structure of BCN belongs to the tetragonal space group P42mc and is built by stacking of corner sharing BC2N2 tetrahedra. The phase is found energetically cohesive and stable both mechanically (elastic properties) and dynamically (phonons band structures). The electronic band structures reveal metallic-like behavior. Characterized by very high Vickers hardness (65 GPa), BCN is expected to be a prospective superabrasive.

Computational analysis of rotating flow of hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface

Rotating flow for hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface in the presence of magnetic effect is examined numerically. Hybrid nanofluid consists of graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide in water base fluid. The inclusion of more than one nanoparticle is carried out due to some outstanding features such as astonishing thermal conduction, which are substantial in heat exchangers, nanotechnology, electronics, and material sciences. In order to attain numerical resolution, the partial differential formulation has been transformed into the corresponding ordinary differential equations. By implementation of apposite similarity variables, the classical Runge–Kutta method and shooting argument have been held to yield finding for the dependent quantities. Thermal transportation enhancement is the need of the day, so this study is made to meet the necessity of industries. A velocity component shows an upsurge with raise in the magnetic field parameter. The magnitude of the velocity component for hybrid nanofluid has a lower boundary as compared to single nanofluid. The temperature profile expressed that hybrid nanofluid is more effective than single nanofluid. These investigations are applicable to the field of the biomedical, automotive industry, nuclear cooling systems, and heat exchangers.

Topology and Rigidity of Silicate Melts and Glasses

Research Article| May 01, 2022 Topology and Rigidity of Silicate Melts and Glasses Matthieu Micoulaut; Matthieu Micoulaut Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, Boite 121, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France mmi@lptmc.jussieu.fr Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mathieu Bauchy Mathieu Bauchy Physics of Amorphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5731, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA bauchy@ucla.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Matthieu Micoulaut Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, Boite 121, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France Mathieu Bauchy Physics of Amorphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5731, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA mmi@lptmc.jussieu.fr bauchy@ucla.edu Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 01 May 2022 Copyright © 2022 by the Mineralogical Society of AmericaMineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2022) 87 (1): 163–191. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.87.04 Article history First Online: 01 May 2022 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Matthieu Micoulaut, Mathieu Bauchy; Topology and Rigidity of Silicate Melts and Glasses. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2022;; 87 (1): 163–191. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.87.04 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search From a fundamental viewpoint, glasses are out of equilibrium systems, so that concepts and techniques from statistical mechanics cannot be applied in a straightforward fashion given the presence of broken ergodicity, which results from an incomplete sampling of the phase space on reasonable time scales. The breakdown of the relationship between spontaneous fluctuations and dissipation leads to time dependent thermodynamic quantities that induce ageing phenomena typical of glasses, i.e., their properties can vary quite substantially with the thermal history of the melt and the waiting time before the experiment/measurement is performed. Given these intrinsic features of the glassy state, atomistic... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Eliciting judgements about dependent quantities of interest: The SHeffield ELicitation Framework extension and copula methods illustrated using an asthma case study.

Pharmaceutical companies regularly need to make decisions about drug development programs based on the limited knowledge from early stage clinical trials. In this situation, eliciting the judgements of experts is an attractive approach for synthesising evidence on the unknown quantities of interest. When calculating the probability of success for a drug development program, multiple quantities of interest-such as the effect of a drug on different endpoints-should not be treated as unrelated. We discuss two approaches for establishing a multivariate distribution for several related quantities within the SHeffield ELicitation Framework (SHELF). The first approach elicits experts' judgements about a quantity of interest conditional on knowledge about another one. For the second approach, we first elicit marginal distributions for each quantity of interest. Then, for each pair of quantities, we elicit the concordance probability that both lie on the same side of their respective elicited medians. This allows us to specify a copula to obtain the joint distribution of the quantities of interest. We show how these approaches were used in an elicitation workshop that was performed to assess the probability of success of the registrational program of an asthma drug. The judgements of the experts, which were obtained prior to completion of the pivotal studies, were well aligned with the final trial results.

Tangent hyperbolic nanofluid: Significance of Lorentz and buoyancy forces on dynamics of bioconvection flow of rotating sphere via finite element simulation

Enhanced thermal transportation for bio convection and mixed convection of Tangent hyperbolic nano fluid flow in stagnation region of rotating sphere is scrutinized in the existence of magnetic field. The nano-sized tiny particles are incorporated due to their unusual qualities like enhanced the thermal transport in the base fluid, which play significance role in modern nanotechnology. Further, improve the stability of nano-sized particles for long time period and avoid possible sedimentation, also incorporated auto-motile and gyrotactic microorganisms. The bioconvection of nano fluid transportation across spherical surface is considered important for heat storage and thermal balancing in technological processes. In this communication, time dependent partial differential formulation is transmuted to a set of dimensionless partial differential equation via similarity transformation. A numerical solution is sought through Galerkin based finite element discretization while it is coded and run on Matlab platform. The role of variables for the dependent quantities is monitored through computational procedure. The parameters of rotating sphere and Casson fluid speeded up the fluid flow in x-direction, but it recedes the flow in y-direction. The larger inputs of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters raised the nano fluid temperature.

A two-surface gradient-extended anisotropic damage model using a second order damage tensor coupled to additive plasticity in the logarithmic strain space

The objective of the present paper is to develop a thermodynamically consistent coupled damage-plasticity model at large deformations, which accounts for damage anisotropy. Moreover, a ‘two-surface’ approach allows modeling plasticity and damage independently. Thus, both phenomena are treated as separate dissipative mechanisms, making the model attractive for application to both brittle and ductile materials. The framework is based on Continuum Damage Mechanics. Furthermore, logarithmic strain measures – also known as Hencky strain – are considered for the kinematics, while the decomposition of the total deformation into elastic and plastic parts is based on the additive split. Hence, the derivation of the model and its conjugated quantities takes place in the logarithmic strain space, but these are subsequently transformed to their Lagrangian counterparts to be applicable in standard finite element formulations. Consequently, the transformation of constitutively dependent quantities such as stresses, but also the various associated material sensitivities, are addressed here. Another main aspect of this work is the gradient-extension of the presented model in order to cure mesh sensitivity in case of material softening. To this end, a novel gradient extension is derived using the invariants of the second order damage tensor, which is based on the micromorphic approach. In addition to the theoretical framework, special attention is paid to the finite element implementation, the formulation of the local residuals, and additionally the computation of the material tangents to achieve quadratic convergence rate within the Newton–Raphson scheme. Single element studies as well as representative structural examples investigate the model’s response to various loading scenarios, the effect of damage anisotropy and further highlight its ability to provide mesh-independent results while undergoing large deformations.

Towards a quantum notion of covariance in spherically symmetric loop quantum gravity

The covariance of loop quantum gravity studies of spherically symmetric space-times has recently been questioned. This is a reasonable worry, given that they are formulated in terms of slicing-dependent variables. We show explicitly that the resulting space-times, obtained from Dirac observables of the quantum theory, are covariant in the usual sense of the way -- they preserve the quantum line element -- for any gauge that is stationary (in the exterior, if there is a horizon). The construction depends crucially on the details of the Abelianized quantization considered, the satisfaction of the quantum constraints and the recovery of standard general relativity in the classical limit and suggests that more informal polymerization constructions of possible semi-classical approximations to the theory can indeed have covariance problems. This analysis is based on the understanding of how slicing dependent quantities as the metric arise in a quantum context in terms of parameterized observables. It has implications beyond loop quantum gravity that hold for general approaches to quantum space time theories.

On Statistical Properties of a New Bivariate Modified Lindley Distribution with an Application to Financial Data

There is an increasing interest in expanding the one‐parameter Lindley distribution to two‐parameter, three‐parameter, and five‐parameter. The univariate one‐parameter Lindley distribution is still one of the most applicable distributions in data analysis especially in lifetime data. Modeling dependent random quantities required bivariate parametric probability distributions. This study presents a new bivariate three‐parameter probability distribution called bivariate modified Lindley distribution. The one‐parameter modified Lindley distribution is used as a base line to construct the new model. Its statistical properties including cumulative function, density function, marginals, moments, conditional distributions, and copula are discussed. Simulation is constructed to declare theoretical properties, to show the flexibility of the new model and to investigate the goodness of fit. Two sets of real data, financial data and UEFA Champion’s League data, are used to show the applicability of the proposed model for different types of data.

Unsolved structural dynamic mathematical models via Novel technique approach

Dynamic problems are solved using the Novel technique, considering the forcing term is free forced vibration, constantly forced vibration and harmonic function with mass and stiffness terms zeros. Two different interpolation functions have been considered for solving such problems, the first one × = a + bt and the second one × = acosωt + bsinωt. The results achieved from the novel technique using these interpolation functions are compared with the precise solutions. Not only this method other methods such as the Newmark-beta method, Runge-Kutta fourth-order and Laplace transforms have been applied to the same structural dynamic problems. The paper employs the novel technique method to various initial value problems such as emotional problems. This method has been adapted in various fields of Engineering. Limited research has been done in the past in the dynamics field using this method. So, an attempt has been made to examine the validity of such a method. The method gave exact solutions for most of the problems. It is observed that the complementary function of the solution obtained using the interpolation function × = acosωt + bsinωt is to be divided by the number of iterations to obtain the precise solution. The Novel technique gave an exact solution for cases where there is no force acting and in cases where a constant force is acting. In the cases in which a harmonic force is acting, when the mass term is zero, the novel technique method is overestimated. In the case of stiffness term zero, it is underestimated. The paper aims to obtain approximate dependent variable quantities for distinct displacement interpolation functions for various structural dynamic natural problems.