DePauw University Research Articles

Botanical Dissertations from the 19th and Early 20th Centuries at the Ohio State University Herbarium (OS)

Botanical Dissertations from the 19th and Early 20th Centuries at the Ohio State University Herbarium (OS)

Early Champions of Research in Chemistry with Undergraduates: From William Albert Noyes to Percy Lavon Julian.

Research in chemistry with undergraduates is commonplace today, including in many liberal arts colleges. This educational opportunity for undergraduates goes back to the late 1800s, exemplified by William Albert Noyes at Rose Polytechnic, and was honed to an almost graduate-level experience by Percy Lavon Julian at DePauw University in the early 1930s. The connection between Noyes and Julian is discussed in this report. The article traces the origins of scholarly research performed by undergraduate students by Noyes at an institution that is now called the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. This model was then replicated and substantially expanded at DePauw University by Noyes's former colleague, William Martin Blanchard. Through sheer happenstance and a series of unfortunate incidents, Julian found himself entrusted with the task of running the undergraduate chemistry research program at DePauw in 1932. Julian's exceptional ability to mentor undergraduate students and to accomplish significant advances in synthetic organic chemical methodologies was highly successful despite the challenging circumstances of racial division, limited financial resources at DePauw during the Great Depression, and job uncertainty (as Julian was being paid by "soft money"). These experiences were undoubtedly formative in shaping Julian's career as a prominent scholar, inventor, and entrepreneur, and to his eventual legacy as one of the most inspirational chemical researchers in history. Julian's mentees at DePauw would also go on to have notable careers in the chemical sciences and allied scientific and academic disciplines.

Are Infographics Worth It?: An Assessment of Information Retention in Relation to Information Embedded in Infographics

ABSTRACT Infographics are an effective means to communicate with audiences, draw attention, and make concepts digestible in a quick and straightforward way. This study explores students’ opinions on infographics used in library instruction, and provides quantitative data to help librarians determine whether these tools will help students engage with text and retain key concepts. Based on research conducted with undergraduate music students at two universities, DePauw University and the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, this paper examines how students understand and interact with content embedded in infographics, and measures retention of information presented in either plain-text or infographic form.

Champion DEI, affordability, accessibility

Assuming the presidency of a university during a pandemic brought challenges for which there was no playbook, but Dr. Lori S. White, the 21st president of DePauw University and the first woman and first person of color to hold the presidency, remains undaunted.

Book Reviews

J. M. MacKenzie. The Partition of Africa, 1880-1900. London and New York: Methuen, 1983. Pp. x, 48. Paper, $2.95. Review by Leslie C. Duly of Bemidji State University. C. Joseph Pusateri. A History of American Business. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1984. Pp. xii, 347. Cloth, $25.95; Paper, $15.95. Review by Paul H. Tedesco of Northeastern University. Russell F. Weigley. History of the United States Army. Enlarged edition. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984. Pp. vi, 730. Paper, $10.95. Review by Calvin L. Christman of Cedar Valley College. Jonathan H. Turner, Royce Singleton, Jr., and David Musick. Oppression: A Socio-History of Black-White Relations in America. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1984. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $11.95. Review by Thomas F. Armstrong of Georgia College. H. Warren Button and Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr. History of Education and Culture in America. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1983. Pp. xvii, 370. Cloth, $20.95. Review by Peter J. Harder. Vice President, Applied Economics, Junior Achievement Inc. David Stick. Roanoke Island: The Beginnings of English America. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1983. Pp. xiv, 266. Cloth, $14.95; Paper, $5.95. Review by Mary E. Quinlivan of the University of Texas of the Permian Basin. John B. Boles. Black Southerners 1619-1869. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Pp. ix, 244. Cloth, $24.00; Paper, $9.00. Review by Kay King of Mountain View College. Elaine Tyler May. Great Expectations: Marriage and Divorce in Post-Victorian America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. Pp. viii, 200. Cloth, $15.00; Paper, $6.95. Review by Barbara J. Steinson of DePauw University. Derek McKay and H. M. Scott. The Rise of the Great Powers, 1648-1815. London: Longman, 1983. Pp. 368. Paper, $13.95. Review by Linda Frey of the University of Montana. Jack S. Levy. War in the Modern Great Power System, 1495-1975. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Pp. xiv, 215. Cloth, $24.00. Review by Bullitt Lowry of North Texas State University. Lionel Kochan and Richard Abraham. The Making of Modern Russia. Second Edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1983. Pp. 544. Paper, $7.95. Review by Pasquale E. Micciche of Fitchburg State College. D. C. B. Lieven. Russia and the Origins of the First World War. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. Pp. 213. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Joseph M. McCarthy of Suffolk University. John F. V. Kieger. France and the Origins of the First World War. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. Pp. vii, 201. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Robert B. Luehrs of Fort Hays State University. E. Bradford Burns. The Poverty of Progress: Latin Amerca in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980. Pp. 185. Paper, $6.95. Review by Robert Fischer of the Southern Technical Institute. Anthony Seldon and Joanna Pappworth. By Word of Mouth: Elite Oral History. London and New York: Methuen, 1983. Pp. xi, 258. Cloth, $25.00; Paper, $12.95. Review by Jacob L. Susskind of the Pennsylvania State University, The Capitol Campus.

The Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soil Samples from Rural and Urban Environments

The soil is an extremely large reservoir for microbial diversity, containing large numbers of resistant microorganisms that possess a variety of antibiotic resistance genes. Determining the composition and distribution of these genes within the soil provides information to further our understandings of antibiotic resistance evolution and development. Profiling the soil resistome can also reveal previously unknown threats to public health. We hypothesize that a larger number of resistance genes would be present in urban environments when compared to rural environments. In this study, soil was collected from twelve locations, with six locations in a rural environment and the other six in an urban environment. Soil gathered from each location was then characterized based entirely on texture and pH, followed by enrichment with tryptic soy broth containing tetracycline and incubated for three days at room temperature. Following DNA extraction from each enrichment, the presence of different tetracycline resistance genes (n = 14) was evaluated. A total of 23 tetracycline resistance genes were found to exist throughout 11 locations and the most frequently detected gene was tet(L) (30%), followed by tet(M) (26%), tetA(P) (22%), tet(O) (9%), tet(B) (9%), and tet(A) (4%). Each sequence from this study had >97% alignment when compared against known sequences of tetracycline resistance genes. In dividing sampling locations into rural and urban environments, only 12 (52%) tetracycline resistance genes were found in rural soils and 11 (48%) tetracycline resistance genes were found in urban soils. Data collected from this study does not seem to indicate any relationship between soil texture or pH versus the amount of genes present in each location. The location having the greatest number of genes (n = 5) is near local septic systems which might explain the large number of genes present. Based on function, 4 efflux and 2 ribosomal protection genes were detected; however, there is no evidence to suggest whether these genes are found more in rural or urban environments. Taken together, our data to‐date suggests that the number of tetracycline resistance genes is equally distributed in the rural and urban environments. This study hopes to continue assessing the soil resistome by analyzing DNA extracts from carbenicillin and chloramphenicol enrichments, in part with a microbial community analysis using next‐generation sequencing.Support or Funding InformationAsher Fund, DePauw University

Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents on the Microbial Biomass and Community Structure of the Big Walnut Creek

Excessive organic matter input and nutrient loading are considered a major ongoing threat to water quality. Communal wastewater treatment is a process whereby sewage water is treated to remove contaminants before being discharged back to the environment. As most Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) do not remove all contaminants from sewage waters, we examined the impact of WWTPs effluents on microbial biomass and community structure of the Big Walnut Creek, Greencastle, IN. We took triplicate sediment samples along a 6,000 meter transect at five different locations, two upstream and three downstream of the outfall in June, September, and November of 2019. We quantified microbial community structure as community level physiological profiling (CLPP) using Biolog EcoPlates as well as microbial biomass using phospholipid phosphate analysis. The samples in June right above and below the outfall had comparably lower carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios (39.63 and 32.44), and therefore more available nutrients for microbial uptake. The samples further downstream from the outfall (1,452 m and 4,677 m) had high C/N ratios of 65.8 and 88.09 respectively, while samples farther upstream from the outfall (1,600 m) had a C/N ratio of 93.53. Microbial biomass increased from June to November for all five sites due to seasonal allochthonous material inputs. We noticed that the C/N ratio correlated to the increase in microbial biomass observed at the outfall for the June samples. Interestingly, the further away from the outfall, the lower the biomass measured and the higher the C/N ratios. We did not observe any significant difference in microbial biomass across sites during the months of September and November. Increased inputs of allochthonous materials during these months (falling leaves and algae) might have obscured the effects of the WWTP effluent. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the CLPP showed two distinct microbial communities for samples collected at the outfall across seasons and separately grouped together microbial communities from non‐outfall samples. PC 1 explained 28.04% variation observed in microbial community and the most dominant microbial groups on the positive component of PC 1 includes Corynebacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae, and Lactobacillaceae. Overall, this study showed that WWTP effluent impacts the immediate surroundings of its input, but can be obscured by allochthonous materials or biological transformation of nitrogen downstream. Further research should look into antibiotic resistant genes and resistant bacteria at these separate sites to see if WWTP effluents might have further health impacts on the stream ecology of the Big Walnut Creek.Support or Funding InformationSupport from the Biology Department and the Science Research Fellows program at DePauw University.

Dynamics of Culturable Soil Bacterial Communities During Pre‐Planting and Growing Soybean Season as Evaluated by Community Level Physiological Profiles

The agricultural practices used today for farming produce crops generate major effects on microbial ecosystems. At the same time, soil microbes can stimulate a wide range of impacts on growing crops. Since changes in soil microbial communities may reflect changes in soil quality or differences in soil management practices, we examined the effects of agricultural farming on the dynamics of soil microbial biomass and community structure. Soil samples were collected prior to planting (May 2019) and during the growing season (September 2019) from a non‐tilled agricultural soybean farm in Greencastle, IN. We quantified microbial biomass using phospholipid phosphate and quantified community structure using community level physiological profiling (CLPP) with Biolog EcoPlates. Soil samples were collected from four subplots in the agricultural field and a control sample from an adjacent woods plot. There was not a significant difference in the C/N ratios between the pooled agricultural plots (9.84) and the woods (9.96) in the pre‐planting season. We also did not see significant differences in C/N ratios among the agricultural subplots. Moisture content (Woods: 36.06% to 42.74%; Farm: 20.18% to 15.46%, from pre‐planting to growing season) was higher in the woods with a stable temperature regime. Consequently, there were no significant differences in the microbial biomass from pre‐planting (37.74 nmol PO□ gdw) to the growing season (41.48 nmol PO□ gdw) in the farm plots, but the woods (Pre‐planting: 44.63 nmol PO□ gdw; Growing: 119.57 nmol PO□ gdw) showed much more temporary fluctuation in biomass. In addition, there was a higher microbial biomass in the control plot compared to the agricultural plots during both the sampling periods. It is possible that seasonal changes are not reflected in microbial biomass on the agricultural plots due to the consistent C/N ratio or the agricultural farming of soybeans. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the CLPP indicated a broad scale of different metabolic functions of the soil microbial communities between the agricultural plots and the control. However, we did not observe any significant difference between the microbial communities of the agricultural plots from pre‐planting to the growing season. The dominant bacterial group present in the agricultural plots was Pseudomonadaceae, a common bacteria in soil, while in the control plot, the most dominant bacterial group was Enterobacteriaceae. Our results imply that a consistent organic input (C/N ratio) might sustain a stable microbial community and thus promote soil health, however, diverse factors such as crop growth stage, residue inputs, and soil physical and chemical conditions may contribute to soil quality and microbial communities. In order to determine the effects of root detritus of soybeans after harvest on soil health and microbial communities, it is recommended that sample collection and analysis occur following the harvest of the soybean crop.Support or Funding InformationScience Research Fellows Program; DePauw University

Two Decades Longitudinal Study of VO□ Max and Physical Fitness in a College Population

Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that 53% of adults age 18 and older met the Physical Activity Guidelines of the Health and Human Services. Previously published research has established a decreasing level of physical fitness in college students. While VO□ max is an accurate predictor of aerobic fitness, due to the relative difficulty of performing the VO□ max, the data collected on student physical activity is often comprised of indirect measurements of fitness including BMI, self‐reported activity level, and estimates of aerobic fitness using VO□ max estimations. We hypothesize that fitness of college students reflects that of general population. Therefore, a comprehensive database was developed that comprised of VO□ max values of college students in a small Midwestern liberal arts institution to assess the physical fitness level of college students. VO□ max were measured in over 500 student‐athletes and non‐athletes over two decades. In addition, other measures of fitness such BM, maximum heart rate were collected. For our studies, we extracted data for analysis using a Python script. Our preliminary observations on a small sample subset suggest that fitness level remained constant over the two decades contrary to general population trends. Further analysis accounting for athletes versus non athlete may explain the apparent steadiness of fitness level. Our study suggests that VO□ Max of college students can provide insight into longitudinal changes in physical fitness.Support or Funding InformationDePauw University

Willis Van Devanter: Chancellor of the Taft Court

Willis Van Devanter: Chancellor of the Taft Court ROBERT POST Although William H. Taft was president for only four years, he appointed a remark­ able five justices to the Supreme Court.1 But only two of these appointments remained on the Court when Taft became chief justiceMahlon Pitney and Willis Van Devanter. Pit­ ney would be gone within eighteen months, but Van Devanter would remain as “one of the most enduring achievements of the Taft Administration, and very possibly its greatest.”2 Early Life Willis Van Devanter was born on April 17, 1859, in Marion, Indiana. He was about eighteen months younger than Taft. Van Devanter’s father was a successful local lawyer. Although Van Devanter wanted to go into farming, his father prevailed upon him to attend Indiana Asbury University (now DePauw University) and then Cincinnati Law School, where Van Devanter was a year behind but nevertheless acquainted with Taft himself.3 Unlike both Taft and Oliver Wendell Holmes, who followed well-worn career paths, Van Devanter elected to move as a young man to the distant and lawless West. In 1884, within a week of President Chester A. Arthur’s appointment of Van Devanter’s brother-in-law (John W. Lacey) as Chief Justice of the Territorial Court for Wyoming Territory, Van Devanter relocated to the frontier town of Cheyenne. In 1885, he offered his services to the new territorial governor, the loyal, shrewd, and astute Fran­ cis E. Warren, stalwart Republican, wealthy rancher, and Civil War recipient of the Medal of Honor. Van Devanter’s rise in the new territory was “little short of sensational.”4 He became a commissioner tasked with revising the laws and statutes of Wyoming Territory in 1886;5 the city attorney of Cheyenne in 1887;6 a member of the Territorial House of Repre­ sentatives in 1888;7 and, in 1889, at the age of thirty, the Chief Justice of the Territorial Supreme Court.8 When Wyoming became a state 1890, Van Devanter was elected to its new Supreme Court and became its first Chief Justice.9 Advising a friend to try his luck in the western territories, Van Devanter 288 JOURNAL OF SUPREME COURT HISTORY At age 25, Willis Van Devanter moved from Indiana to Cheyenne, WY (pictured in 1890) and became a successful lawyer representing the Union Pacific Railroad and large cattle ranchers. He also became active in the Wyoming Republican Party. wrote, “A man grows fourfold more than he would under other conditions.”10 Within four days of his election as Chief Justice, Van Devanter suddenly and unexpectedly resigned,11 returning to the suc­ cessful law practice that he had maintained throughout his time in Wyoming. He traveled the state in stagecoaches and on horseback. In 1890 he formed with his brother-in-law the firm of Lacey and Van Devanter. It quickly became “Wyoming’s most prominent law firm,”12 representing the most important economic interests in the state, including cattlemen’s associations and the state’s most significant railroad, the Union Pacific. Most memorably, Van Devanter defended the cat­ tlemen who, along with a contingent ofTexas gunman, had traveled to the northern reaches of the state to exterminate the “rustlers” who they claimed were stealing cattle.13 After murdering two suspected rustlers, the excur­ sion was itself surrounded by angry residents and survived only after extraction by federal troops. The invasion was the outgrowth of ongoing disputes between southern Republi­ can cattle interests and northern settlers. Van Devanter conducted a masterful and effective defense of the gunmen in what later became known as the Johnson County War.14 From the moment he arrived in the territory, Van Devanter sought to become an important player in Wyoming Republican politics. Largely because ofhis close connec­ tion to Warren, he “served as Chairman of the Republican State Committee from 1892 to 1895, as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in St. Louis in 1896, and as a member of the Republican National Committee from 1896 to 1900.”15 After Warren became a powerful United States Senator,16 Van Devanter became “Senator Warren’s man in Wyoming, his confidant, counsel, and political manager.”17 Van De­ vanter subsidized Republican newspapers...

Political Blackness in Multiracial Britain

Political Blackness in Multiracial Britain

Resources to Inspire and Inform Global Engagement

Resources to Inspire and Inform Global Engagement Beth E. Clausen (bio) When "Global Perspectives" launched in July 2015, the intent was to emphasize the increasing internationalization of higher education and the essential role of libraries in global engagement initiatives. Through reading about such activities, practitioners could learn from other librarians' experiences as they explored roles and responsibilities that made sense for them and their context. The timing was right because many colleges and universities in the United States were strengthening their global reach and interaction and developing worldwide partnerships with implications for the local campus. The number of international undergraduate and graduate students in the United States was substantial, and educational institutions invested in and expanded support of those students to ensure their success. Many of these institutional strategic initiatives involved the library, which stood ready to serve as a robust campus partner. "Global Perspectives" is just one place to read about international possibilities. Several books published since 2015 deal with the global reach and services of college and university libraries. A selection of volumes is described here, chosen for their relevance to academic libraries and librarianship as well as their scope, currency, fresh perspective, broad interest, and wide applicability. As worthwhile as reading about worldwide initiatives is, connecting with people engaged in such activities is even more valuable. Building relationships and interacting with colleagues complement and supplement reading. Therefore, following the reviews of selected books, this article offers a description of relevant discussion and interest groups to explore, all sponsored by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). Read about It: Select Recent Books ________ Planning Academic Library Orientations: Case Studies from around the World, ed. Kylie Bailin, Benjamin Jahre, and Sarah Morris. Chandos Information Professional Series. [End Page 375] Cambridge, MA: Elsevier, 2018. 380 pages. $106.00 paperback (ISBN 978-0-08-102171-2); $79.95 e-book (ISBN 978-0-08-102173-6) Academic library orientations can be exciting, vexing, useful (or not), and successful (or not). Whatever form they take, they have become almost universal because they form a cornerstone of other library programming and services to support students in their transition to, and success in, college. Planning Academic Library Orientations is a thorough account of current programs in academic institutions intended to introduce students to the library. The book is divided into 34 chapters, each describing a different library's approach. The various methods are not presented as right or wrong but instead as a product of local need and the resources of the institution and its constituencies. Most chapters are coauthored, which reflects one of the takeaways from the book: successful orientations, whatever their form, are collaborative and require partnerships and cooperation from both within the library and without. Most of the examples, not just those in the section "Partnerships," describe joint efforts. The other segments are "Games"; "Marketing & Promotion"; "Targeting Specific Audiences"; "Technology"; and "Tours." Each chapter helpfully includes background information about the institution described so readers can easily identify the colleges or universities that most closely align with their own. While subheadings may vary, most chapters provide background about the institution, its students, its past orientation programming, planning, and what it might do differently in the future. The global dimension is provided by including programs in such countries as Australia, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates. This international scope is widened by chapters that highlight U.S.-based libraries providing orientations to specific populations, including students from other countries. Chapter 22, "Introducing New International Students to Privilege in Information Access," describes one such program. It recounts how librarians at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, creatively filled a campus gap to assist in the success of students from other countries. To graduate, every student at DePauw must take a course that centers on privilege, power, and diversity. The university realized that learners without a grounding in American history and culture would find it difficult to participate fully in the course. In answer, the campus revamped part of its two-week Summer English Immersion Institute, which about half of new international enrollees attend. The librarians developed new activities based on the frame "Information Has Value" from the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for...

Cautery Injury Response in the Zebrafish Heart

Using cauterization of the ventricular myocardium, previous studies in our lab have shown evidence of matrix remodeling as well as robust cardiac regeneration in the giant danio, a species closely related to the zebrafish. Various approaches to ventricular injury, including resection, cryoinjury, and genetic ablation have been used in zebrafish, resulting in differential responses in cardiac remodeling, the initiation and the rate of progression of cardiac regeneration. To date, responses to cardiac cautery injury have not been studied in the zebrafish heart. Hence, we aimed to characterize the ventricular myocardium response to this particular approach to heart injury. Using light and electron microscopy, in conjunction with myeloperoxidase staining, Edu incorporation in cardiac myocytes, Masson's Trichome and picrosirius red/fast green staining, we studied the repair of cauterized zebrafish hearts from 3 to 90 days post‐surgery. We found that cauterization results in regional tissue necrosis that was followed by marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, subsequent accumulation and resorption of connective tissue, and a gradual regenerative response. In addition, we used wheat germ agglutinin staining to document the progressive reconstruction of the damaged compact/cortical myocardium. Our study shows that ventricular cauterization is a simple and reproducible alternative approach to create myocardial necrosis, and to elicit matrix remodeling and cardiac regenerative responses in the zebrafish heart.Support or Funding InformationP.J.L. is supported by NIH 1 R15 HD084262‐01, Donald E. Town Faculty Fellowship, and Faculty Development Funds at DePauw University

My introduction to copulas

Roger Nelsen is Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, USA. He studied mathematics at DePauw University (BA, 1964) and Duke University (PhD, 1969). Roger joined the faculty at Lewis & Clark in the fall of 1969, and retired in 2009. Prior to Lewis & Clark, Roger spent a year with the Biostatistics Unit of the Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer in Lyon, France. He has had visiting appointments at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst and Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. In addition to his monograph An Introduction to Copulas, Roger has authored or co-authored eleven books published by the Mathematical Association of America. He has served on the editorial boards of two MAA journals and several of their book series. The fifth interview of this series features a conversation with Roger Nelsen. His Springer book An Introduction to Copulas is eponymous for a mathematical precise and well written entrance into the fascinating field of copulas. Moreover, it serves as a classical reference book, a large number of citations bear witness to this. He collaborated with seminal researchers in our field, and kindly shares his view and memories with us. Roger’s second strand of research – a combination of mathematical puzzles, art, and visualization – are “Proofs Without Words.” He published several books, containing elegant visual justifications of mathematical statements. In the following, our questions to Roger Nelsen are typeset in bold-face.

Julian Scholars: Broadening Participation of Low-Income, First-Generation Computer Science Majors

Using funding from the National Science Foundation, DePauw University launched a program for low-income, first-generation scholars in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields called Julian Scholars. All but one of the undergraduate students in the program began college expressing interest in medical careers, yet over half of the STEM graduates now pursue computer science graduate degrees or computing careers, which is an important statistic because little research about recruiting and retaining underrepresented low-income, first-generation computing students exists. Cornerstones of the program include a week-long summer research experience bridging high school and college, common classes for each cohort, mentoring, one-on-one resume and internship/research counseling, and scholarships. Rockman et al surveyed the Julian Scholars about the bridge program and additional program components to provide quantitative data and also held focus groups to collect qualitative data to augment graduation rates and postgraduation career information.

Drawers Chests and Wardrobes

Drawers Chests and Wardrobes James Bradley Wells (bio) Second-story window drains cello chords down.On the windowsill the feline’s oilyeyelids bask in racks of sunlight. Glory,that appetite to collect such polished stones,to stash them in a chest of drawers, to collectcicada exoskeletons, steepled deer antlers,papery skin of king snake molted midsummer,black widow lanterns, flickering ear hairs of foxes.America is not the sort of countrywhere muslin, batiste become well lavenderedover winter. The wardrobe does not stand sentryfor daydreamers sitting inside. No American wardrobestores moon’s shine, but glory for grappled things:ejected undergarments on the lawn,how the Orthodox priest intones Attend,droves of knucklebones and protruding tree roots,eczematous lesions of lead paint. Life begins well.Spent hope staggers more than a newborn foal.One becomes attuned to how anotherfills a closet. Fickle disintegrationof papyrus rolls in mind’s archives. Carnationbouquets in a plastic bucket beside the roadpreach the avarice of rose. Blood weepingfrom carcass onto the butcher’s block. Do weno longer know what it means to work onlyfor the sake of glory? I do not want a weakeningsense of loss for moments of beholding.I have turned away when dipteral awedrove home its dreadful point, but like bee bodiesworking in their hive mirror rhizomessquirming in the soil, I should be readyto travel to a foreign land to witnessthe marvelous green of Seriphos quartz, readyto attend cello ribcage grappled by growling legs,shoulder sinews delivering it—cello’s flanks flushedwith a muscled adagio that ghosts through an openwindow, gusts of limbs and melody limber. [End Page 55] James Bradley Wells James Bradley Wells is the author of the poetry collection Bicycle (Sheep Meadow Press, 2013) and the chapbook The Kazantzakis Guide to Greece (Finishing Line Press, 2015). He is an Associate Professor of Classical Studies at DePauw University and lives in Bloomington, Indiana. Copyright © 2016 Middlebury College Publications

Lax handbook wording erodes sexual misconduct finding

Case name: King v. DePauw University, No. 2:14‐cv‐70 (S.D. Ind. 08/22/14).

Lax handbook wording erodes sexual misconduct finding

Case name: King v. DePauw University, No. 2:14‐cv‐70 (S.D. Ind. 08/22/14).

Lax handbook wording erodes sexual misconduct finding

Case name: King v. DePauw University, No. 2:14‐cv‐70 (S.D. Ind. 08/22/14).

Lax handbook wording erodes sexual misconduct finding

Case name: King v. DePauw University, No. 2:14‐cv‐70 (S.D. Ind. 08/22/14).