Supply Department Research Articles

Water Governance: Challenges and Prospects for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal Six in Nigeria

The primary objective of this study is to review all Nigerian National Water and Sanitation Policies implemented since 1993. The aim is to assess their performance, efficiency, and alignment with the targets set forth in UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6). This review provides a contextual understanding of the challenges and opportunities for implementing SDG 6 in Nigeria. We conducted a critical appraisal and qualitative analysis of the 2016 Nigerian National Water Resources Policy, the most recently published policy, in relation to the targets of SDG 6. Our findings indicate that seven out of the eight SDG 6 targets are addressed in the policy. These include safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, pollution reduction, water-use efficiency, trans-boundary cooperation, and protection of water-related ecosystems. However, the policy falls short in involving local communities in water and sanitation management, which is the eighth requirement of SDG 6. Specifically, only 28 states have a dedicated Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (RUWASSA), and few local government areas have Water Supply and Sanitation Hygiene Departments (WASH) as required by SDG 6. Our assessment of the policy's implementation and practices is based on secondary data sources, notably from the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the National Bureau of Statistics. We argue that by developing effective implementation strategies that involve local communities, the 2016 National Water Resources Policy can significantly contribute to achieving sustainable water and sanitation management for all Nigerians by 2030.

Water Footprint Flow and Vulnerability of China’s Provincial Energy Sector

Water and energy are mutually reinforcing elements in production and consumption activities, forming an inseparable relationship. This study, conducted at the provincial level, investigates the intricate connections between energy water footprint flow, water shortage, and water pollution. It aims to elucidate the vulnerability of provincial energy sectors to water use, fostering regional coordinated management for sustainable energy and water development. Utilizing a multi-regional input–output model, the research analyzes both the quantity and quality of water resources. The water footprint of China’s provincial energy sector is quantified and scrutinized. Furthermore, an evaluation index system is constructed based on the water footprint concept. The entropy weight TOPSIS method is then applied to assess the vulnerability of inter-provincial energy sector water footprints. The key findings are as follows: (1) The energy water footprint has shifted from water resource-deficient areas, such as the northwest, North China, and northeast, to economically developed regions with relatively abundant water resources, such as East China and South China. This reveals that the transfer of water footprints in economic activities does not entirely alleviate water shortages in China and may even exacerbate shortages in certain water-deficient areas. (2) The graywater footprint of the energy sector is significantly larger than the blue water footprint and water shortage footprint. (3) The production and supply departments of power and heat emerge as the largest contributors to the transfer of energy and water footprints from water shortage areas to water-rich areas, followed by coal mining and dressing departments. (4) Top 10 Vulnerable Provinces: Tibet, Zhejiang, Ningxia, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Henan, Hunan, Beijing, Chongqing, and Hebei are identified as the top 10 provinces vulnerable to water footprints in the energy sector. This vulnerability closely correlates with the energy sector’s dependence on water footprints and production leverage. Recommendations include optimizing the energy mix and establishing stable external water footprint supply channels for provinces with high water footprint dependence. Provinces with high production leverage are advised to accelerate innovation and application of water-saving technologies in key energy sectors, increase the utilization of clean energy, and enhance resource recycling. National government departments should focus on controlling and reducing water pollutants in the energy sector across regions, addressing water shortages by purifying water bodies and improving water quality.

Determinants of Farmers’ Acceptance of the Volumetric Pricing Policy for Irrigation Water: An Empirical Study from China

Volumetric-based pricing for irrigation water was introduced as part of a comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices in China. However, operational deficiencies and farmers’ lack of willingness to adopt the volumetric pricing policy (VPP) hinder the coordinated implementation of the reform. To address these practical challenges, we employed a binary logistic regression model to analyse farmers’ acceptance of the VPP for agricultural irrigation water usage in Suqian City, Jiangsu Province. A variable set was formed by selecting potential variables from four types of influencing factors: the subject (water users), the object (water supply departments), natural condition factors, and social condition factors. Our results revealed seven factors that determine whether farmers accept the VPP: irrigation water measurement at the water inlet of a lateral canal, the irrigation water-saving rewards scale, enforcement efforts of charging by volume, the irrigation water source type, the use of agricultural water-saving for trade, financial investment in water-saving technology, and the level of irrigation water pricing. We determined the degree of influence of the seven determining factors, among which the irrigation water-saving rewards scale and enforcement efforts of charging by volume most influence farmers’ decisions on the VPP for irrigation water. The results of this study can be used as a reference for innovation of the agricultural water-saving system in Suqian City, optimisation of an accurate fiscal subsidy scale, quantification of irrigation water rights, optimisation of the measurement facility layout, and effective implementation of agricultural water rights trading. More broadly, this study provides a valuable reference for solving the difficulties faced in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water pricing in China, which includes irrigation water pricing mechanisms, management systems, subsidy mechanisms, and water-saving incentive measures.

Analysis of sterilization efficiency and application cost of three low temperature sterilization methods.

This paper discusses the sterilization efficiency of three low temperature sterilization methods used in thermosensitive medical devices and makes a preliminary analysis of sterilization costs so as to provide the basis for reasonable selection of low temperature sterilizer in Central Sterile Supply Department. Medical devices compatible with the three sterilization methods were selected for sterilization, and two packaging materials were selected for the three low-temperature sterilization equipment according to the compatibility of the packaging materials. The equipment packed with the same packaging materials were sterilized for five times, and each low-temperature sterilizer was sterilized for a total of ten times. The sterilization effect, sterilization cycle time, energy consumption, and cost of the three sterilizers were compared. The cycle time of ethylene oxide sterilizer was 393.6min, and the cycle time of hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilizer was 56.1min. The cycle time of low temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilizer was 105.7min. The hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilizes single cycle power consumption at a maximum of 5 kWh. The single cycle energy consumption of compressed air ethylene oxide sterilizer is up to 12 l. In terms of sterilization application cost, hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilization has the highest cost, followed by ethylene oxide sterilization, and low temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilization is the lowest. The sterilization efficiency of hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilization is the highest, followed by low temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilization, and the lowest is ethylene oxide sterilization. The three low temperature sterilization methods can achieve effective sterilization of devices. Each hospital can choose an appropriate low temperature sterilization method according to the characteristics of thermosensitive instruments, turnover efficiency requirements, and financial status.

Impact of supply–demand matching on citizen satisfaction: analysis based on expectancy disconfirmation model

In the context of ensuring the well-being of citizens, the energy industry should predominantly adhere to the people-oriented approach. Investigation of citizen satisfaction through the lenses of power supply and societal demand is of utmost importance. This study constructs a satisfaction model based on expectancy disconfirmation theory, employs response surface analysis to explore the impact of matching degree between demand and supply on citizen satisfaction. The results show that citizen satisfaction is notably higher in case of a match between public expectations and supply quality compared to mismatch scenarios. Furthermore, instances involving both high public expectations and high supply quality, yield greater satisfaction compared to scenarios involving low public expectations and low supply quality. Importantly, citizen satisfaction experiences a dip when public expectations surpass supply quality, unlike situations where public expectations fall short of supply quality. Policy awareness does not moderate the effect of matching analysis on citizen satisfaction. This research enriches the scope of understanding the complex nature of public satisfaction, offering theoretical support for the high-quality development of power supply departments, catering to both energy needs and well-being of citizens. Thus, the current study significantly contributes to promoting the sustainable and high-quality development of the local social economy.

Improvement and implementation of central sterile supply department training program based on action research.

This study aimed to improve and implement the central sterile supply department (CSSD) training program through action research and to evaluate its effect. The project was underpinned by action research. The problems that occurred in training were identified following scenario analysis, interviews, group discussions, and expert consultation to develop improvement measures. The training program characterized by CSSD was developed in the spiral circular process of "Plan-Act-Observe-Reflect". After the two rounds of training, the CSSD nurses significantly improved their professional knowledge, skills, and satisfaction with training compared with those before improvement. The nurses' overall satisfaction with the training and their performance improved. The implementation of the training program designed based on action research can improve CSSD nurses' professional knowledge and skills and increase their enthusiasm for learning, laying the foundation for CSSD talent development.

Analysis of Wet Pack Incidence in Steam Sterilization: A Study in a Chinese Medical Center.

BACKGROUND Central sterile supply departments (CSSDs) play a vital role in hospital infection control. We investigate the factors associated with wet pack occurrence after steam sterilization. MATERIAL AND METHODS We designed a log sheet to record information concerning sterilized packs. The data included the type of sterilized pack; outside weather (sunny, overcast, or rainy); the item in the sterilized pack; packaging material; whether the item had been packaged in compliance with guidelines; whether the pack had been laid flat, upright, or leaning at an acute angle; which sterilizer was used for sterilization of the pack; whether the pack had been placed on the top or bottom shelf inside the sterilizer chamber; whether the pack had been loaded in compliance with guidelines; the drying time following sterilization; and cooling time after sterilization. The sterilized packs in our study were selected from all of the packs that were sterilized in the CSSD of the authors' institution during June to December 2021. RESULTS Factors associated with wet pack occurrence after steam sterilization include: outside weather on the day of sterilization; the item in the sterilized pack; packaging material; whether the item had been packaged in compliance with guidelines; whether the pack had been placed on the top or bottom shelf; and cooling time after sterilization. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in wet pack incidence were identified for all of these factors. CONCLUSIONS Various factors are associated with wet pack occurrence after steam sterilization. Recommendations for reducing the risk of wet packs include regular maintenance of the steam pipeline, regular replacement of thermal insulation materials for the steam pipeline, and extension of the drying time.

Investigation of the perceptions of operating theatre nurses and central sterile supply department technicians regarding the barriers and facilitators of surgical instrument counts and tray management in the operating theatre

BackgroundProper surgical equipment management is essential for ensuring patient safety in the operating theater (OT). Despite existing protocols, errors persist, leading to severe complications and emotional distress. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of OT nurses and Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) technicians regarding barriers and facilitators of instrument counts and tray management. MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out using a SurveyMonkey conducted with a purposive sample of 52 participants of OT Nurses and CSSD technician from three hospitals in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, and to explore the relationship between the demographic variables and participants' overall perception scores, a chi-square test was employed. ResultsData analysis revealed that participant perceptions varied by years in the profession (p = 0.31) and gender (p = 0.003). About 52 % agreed that current policies are clear, while 36.5 % were uncertain. The majority (40.4 %) believed the current tray couldn't reduce OT costs. Participants disagreed with the lack of training (42.3 %) and communication issues during handover (38.5 %). Confidence in the current protocol was low (40.4 %), and 46.2 % agreed that a new protocol would impact OT operations. Alarmingly, 84.6 % of participants had a negative overall perception, indicating widespread concerns. ConclusionThese findings lay the groundwork for implementing a revised protocol for surgical tray management. Understanding healthcare professionals' perspectives will aid in identifying strategies to overcome barriers, enhancing instrument management practices, improving patient safety, and optimizing OT efficiency.

Checking the Cleanliness of Surgical Instruments Using the Adenosine Triphosphate-Bioluminescence Assay

Purpose: Cleaning is crucial for reprocessing reusable surgical instruments (RSIs). In this study, we used the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method to assess the cleanliness of RSIs according to the cleaning method used.Methods: From April 3 to June 2, 2023, surgical sets, including hemostatic forceps, needle holders, operating scissors, dressing forceps, and suction tubes, that arrived at the decontamination room in the central sterile supply department of one general hospital were selected through convenience sampling. For each of the three cleaning processes, 30 cleaned RSIs were sampled with test swabs for inspection, and the relative light unit value was measured using ATP test equipment.Results: Suction tubes, hemostatic forceps, and needle holders ranked low in cleanliness (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=11.69, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.020), and the contamination rate after mechanical cleaning was significantly lower than that after manual cleaning (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=31.34, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001).Conclusion: Surgical instruments treated by manual processing and those containing tubes were associated with the low cleanliness. Therefore, it is necessary to check whether surgical instruments, including tubes, are manually washed at an appropriate level, and regular monitoring will be required.

An action research study of quality improvement in instrument packaging procedures for the central sterile supply department

This study aimed to reduce instrument packaging defects in the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) using action research. Data of the instrument packs packaged by the packaging personnel at the CSSD of the authors’ institution during March to May 2023 were collected and analyzed. After identifying the problems, 2 rounds of cyclic process of “plan-action-observe-reflect” were implemented to standardize the packaging procedures and develop and improve the applicable check of standard operating procedures for the CSSD. After strictly implementing the packaging operation standards and checklists, the number of packaging defect cases dropped from 274 to 41. A significant difference was identified between the number of packaging personnel who achieved a “pass” in the assessment of 3 items for maintenance. Also, 1 item for assembly had significant differences compared with the baseline number after the first cycle (P ≤ 0.001). A significant difference was identified between the number of packaging personnel who achieved a “pass” in the assessment of 20 items for 6 components after the second cycle compared with that after the first cycle (P ≤ 0.05). Through action research methodology, strict implementation of standardized packaging procedures in the CSSD can reduce packaging defects, thereby decreasing clinical complaints and ensuring patient safety.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО КЛИМАТА НА УЧАСТИЕ ОТДЕЛА СНАБЖЕНИЯ В ОТКРЫТЫХ ИННОВАЦИЯХ

Open innovation presupposes inter-firm cooperation in the field of research and development, and supply departments become the link that connects the internal resources of the enterprise and the innovative potential of suppliers. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors and conditions that stimulate supply (procurement) departments to participate in open innovation. Research methods: sociological research, statistical analysis, systematization, generalization, induction and deduction. The results of the study showed that the formed innovation climate stimulates the involvement of the supply and procurement department in open innovation.

Studies on groundwater quality index around industrial areas of low hills in Himachal Pradesh

The present study emphasizes on groundwater quality assessment and working out the interrelationship between various physico-chemical parameters and potentially toxic elements in low-hills of Himachal Pradesh. The study was conducted in industrial areas of two districts and a total of 240 groundwater samples were collected during 2020-2022 from borewells and handpumps and analyzed 21 parameters such as temperature, turbidity, TDS, EC, pH, DO, BOD, alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, sodium, calcium, total hardness, chloride, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, and lead. The study area was divided into five locations in both the districts and samples were taken during pre-monsoon and postmonsoon to check the seasonal variation. The estimated values were then compared with drinking water quality standards prescribed by BIS and location-wise WQI value was calculated. The results showed that in both the districts, the physico-chemical parameters under study were within the permissible limits. The WQI values range from 43.85 to 25.85 in district Sirmaur and 39.18 to 25.60 in district Una. In both the districts, the WQI lies under the good to excellent category and were suitable for human consumption. Location-wise, the highest WQI value was highest around the industries followed by samples within the industry &gt; along the main highway &gt; residential areas, and the lowest value was in the control which was the samples taken from the Department of Irrigation and Public Health supply. Seasonal-wise, the concentration of the physico-chemical parameters as well as the WQI was higher during post-monsoon than pre-monsoon.

Development of a Risk Assessment Model for Predicting Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Neonatal Patients.

The goal was to develop a risk assessment model for predicting red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in neonatal patients to assist hospital blood supply departments in providing small portions of RBCs to those requiring RBC transfusion on time. Clinical information was collected from 1,201 children admitted to the neonatal unit. Clinical factors associated with predicting RBC transfusion were screened, and prediction models were developed using stepwise and multifactorial logistic regression analyses, followed by the evaluation of prediction models using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Overall, 81 neonatal patients were transfused with RBCs, and the variables of gestational age at birth, age < 1 month, receipt of mechanical ventilation, and infant anemia were included in the final prediction model. The area under the curve of the prediction model was 0.936 (0.921 - 0.949), which was significantly higher than that of the individual indicators of gestational age at birth, age at admission < 1 month, receipt of mechanical ventilation, and infant anemia (p < 0.001). DCA showed a standardized net benefit for the possible risk of infant RBC transfusion at 0.1 - 1.0. We developed a risk assessment model to predict the risk of RBC transfusion in neonatal patients that can effectively assess the risk of RBC transfusion in children.

Factors associated with cleaning quality of reusable medical devices at a single center in China

BackgroundImproper cleaning is one of the main causes of sub-optimal levels of sterilization, and also a risk factor in terms of nosocomial infections. We aimed to investigate the factors associated with the cleaning quality of the reusable medical devices and prescribe improvement measures for ensuring the safe use of the devices and for iatrogenic infection control. MethodsAn expert consultation was conducted to identify the factors associated with the cleaning quality of reusable medical devices. A self-designed quality inspection form for reusable medical device cleaning was used to collect the data concerning the factors associated with the cleaning quality of the reusable medical devices cleaned at our hospital's central sterile supply department (CSSD) during January to June 2022. We also investigated the cleaning personnel's perceptions and knowledge of medical devices cleaning by means of a self-designed questionnaire. ResultsStatistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were identified among incorrect cleaning procedures, improper cleaning methods, non-standard pre-treatment, wrong perceptions or lack of knowledge of medical device cleaning, and complex device structure. Correct cleaning procedures (odds ratio (OR) = 0.216, 95 % confidential interval (CI): 0.170–0.275), choice of cleaning method (ultrasonic cleaning OR = 3.995, 95 % CI: 2.937–5.434; spray cleaning OR = 0.893, 95 % CI: 0.735–1.085), standard pre-treatment (OR = 1.470, 95 % CI: 1.191–1.815), complex device structure (OR = 1.534, 95 % CI: 1.247–1.888) and cleaning personnel's correct perceptions of medical device cleaning (OR = 0.530, 95 % CI: 0.436–0.645) were the independent factors associated with the cleaning quality. ConclusionsThe quality of reusable medical device cleaning should be improved by: adherence to standard cleaning procedures, choosing the correct cleaning method and pre-treatment, improving cleaning personnel's knowledge and perceptions of medical device cleaning, and disassembling the medical devices with complex structures so as to reduce the quality defects of medical device cleaning.

Quality indicators for the processing of health products: A mixed-methods study.

to analyze the use of quality assessment indicators and their implementation to improve quality in the processing of health products. a mixed-methods study with a multiple case approach using Structure, Process and Results indicators and elaboration of a plan using Appreciative Inquiry, carried out in four central sterile supply departments from hospital units. the indicators for the Cleaning stage presented 47.8% compliance for Structure and 59.0% for Process: in addition 71.8% of the products were clean. In the Preparation operational stage, 50.0% of the Results indicators were in compliance for Structure and 66.7% for Process. In the Sterilization, Storage and Distribution stage, 43.5%compliance was obtained for Structure, 55.7% for Process and 78.6% for Packaging conservation. Appreciative planning proposed improvements to the physical structure, review of processes and protocols, promotion and appreciation of the work done and strengthening of teaching about processing and service management, highlighting the protagonism of the group and of the leaders. using indicators was positive in materializing reality; however, it was verified that the improvements proposed are related to people. The affirmative and constructive view of Appreciative Inquiry presented itself as a path to changes and quality improvements.

Smart-detection approach for protein residues to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of reusable medical devices

Healthcare-associated infections are challenging problems to eradicate. In practice, infection prevention and control regarding the effective cleaning of reusable medical devices is performed. However, real-time monitoring of potentially contaminated devices is hindered by the complex, costly investigations and the time required. To develop an inexpensive approach providing high-sensitivity, rapid, and low-cost protein residue determination on medical devices. Colourimetric reactions for protein were modified and downscaled to produce a colour product on the moving drop platform and to operate combined with our custom-built smartphone application in order to evaluate and save protein contamination data. The intensity of a product colour was detected by photographing with a smartphone camera and was proportional to the protein concentration in the linear range of 5-20μg/mL. The protein content was processed on a custom-built smartphone application, namely PromoveCheck. The proposed procedure was highly sensitive, yielding limits of detection and limits of quantification, at 0.03 and 0.10μg based on the Bradford reaction. It was applied to reusable medical devices, showing no significant differences from the spectrophotometric method and a correlation with the o-phthaldialdehyde method (P<0.05). This approach demonstrates low cost, sensitivity, efficiency and traceability for investigating reusable medical device cleanliness. The PromoveCheck app can report and acquire protein content that can be used for traceability and alerts concerning questionable or discovered contaminant devices, improving the quality management of the Central Sterile Supply Department.

Updated review of wet pack complications in pulse vacuum pressure steam sterilisation processes in central sterile supply departments.

The quality of sterilisation and disinfection in a central sterile supply department is directly related to the quality of the hospital services and the patients' safety. Wet packs occasionally occur following the process of pressure steam sterilisation; reducing this occurrence is an important issue. Therefore, the causes of wet pack following sterilisation were analysed to identify the influencing factors and suggest improvements to prevent its occurrence. Understanding the sterilisation process and possible causes of exposure helps with risk assessment and identifying necessary corrective measures.

'One River, Two Systems': Hong Kong's River Management.

Hong Kong (HK), one of the world's most densely populated metropolises, is home to over 200 rivers and streams extending about 2500 km in length. During the 1970s-1990s, most of these rivers were converted into artificial canals, to which the local society pays little attention. Since the 2010s, the HK government has initiated river revitalization to enhance the social-environmental roles of rivers. This study employed a mixed research method, including literature and policy analysis, expert interviews, field visits, and a public survey, to identify key challenges in HK's Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM). The findings highlighted the lack of IRBM's institutional arrangements in HK, characterized by a fragmented 'one river, two systems' approach without both coordination and collaboration. The Water Supplies Department (WSD) impounds upland streams as reservoirs for securing the local water supply, while the Drainage Service Department (DSD) manages heavily channelized, culverted downstream serving as storm drains with diminished ecological functionality. One significant barrier to the implementation of IRBM in HK was the limited public participation, although our survey revealed a high level of public willingness to participate in river management. Presently, river revitalization efforts have achieved limited success, with ecological measures appearing mostly "cosmetic" and the conservation of freshwater biodiversity neglected. This further underscored the pressing need for the embracement of IRBM in HK to safeguard basin-wide freshwater ecosystems. Our survey also indicated low public awareness of river revitalization initiatives and widespread dissatisfaction with their outcomes. In conclusion, we proposed the development of IRBM in HK by instituting river basin coordination, prioritizing river ecosystem restoration in revitalization projects, and involving the public through tailored strategies.

Linen Management and Presence of Staphylococcus sp. in the Laundry Unit and Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) RSUD Dr. Haryoto Lumajang

Linen menjadi media penunjang dalam seluruh pelayanan medis rumah sakit. Perlunya pengelolaan linen secara optimal dapat mencegah infeksi nosokomial. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji pengelolaan linen dan keberadaan Staphylococcus sp. di unit laundry dan CSSD RSUD Dr. Haryoto Kabupaten Lumajang. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner dan observasi. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari petugas pengelolaan linen RSUD Dr. Haryoto Kabupaten Lumajang sebanyak 21 sampel dan sampel linen sebanyak 7 sampel sprei dan duk operasi. Pengambilan sampel dan uji lab untuk sampel linen dilakukan pada bulan April 2023. Uji lab dilakukan di Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Surabaya (BBLK). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses pengelolaan linen di unit laundry RSUD Dr. Haryoto Kabupaten Lumajang pada proses pengangkutan linen dari ruangan, pemilahan, pencucian dan desinfeksi, pengeringan, dan pengemasan linen tergolong kategori cukup. Proses penyetrikaan dan pelipatan linen tergolong kategori baik. Perendaman dan desinfeksi, penyimpanan, dan distribusi tergolong kategori kurang. Pada proses linen bersih menjadi linen steril dilakukan beberapa proses sterilisasi di unit CSSD meliputi penerimaan, pelipatan, pengemasan, sterilisasi linen, kontrol indikator, penyimpanan linen, dan distribusi linen steril. Berdasarkan uji laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa seluruh linen tidak mengandung kuman Staphylococcus aureus melebihi 20 CFU/cm2.

Supply Chain Performance Measurement at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIV Camming Sugar Factory in Bone District

PTPN XIV (PERSERO) of Camming Sugar Factory in Bone Regency Measuring work results in the company is one of the company's performance evaluation tasks, namely to find out if the results achieved are good enough or still need improvement. The characteristic of a weak result is the fact that the company's goal is not achieved in the desired way. The objective of this study is to identify the KPIs and measure the performance indicators at the Bone Regency of PTPN Camming Sugar Factory. Key Performance Indicator (KPI), Lean Supply Chain Management (LSCM), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods are used in this study. The results of this study provide 11 Lean metrics that align with business conditions. Once the indicators are obtained, the KPI weighting is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), prioritizing the performance criteria of the production and supply departments. KPIs that have a significant impact on a company's supply chain performance. This is reflected in the highest order of weight in three KPIs, namely production department performance criteria, employee productivity attributes (0.573) and delivery department criteria, on-time loading (0. 85), and delivery (0.372) attributes. with a weight percentage of 19.1, 16.20% and 12. 2%. The KPIs in the lowest weight category are collection (0.120) and delivery (0.116) with a weight percentage of .01% and 3.87%.