Department Of Science Research Articles

An Investigation into Habits of Mind Prospective Teacher: Do They Have it?

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to obtain a profile of habits of mind among prospective teacher students in the PMIPA (Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Education) Department in Pontianak, Indonesia. Recognizing the importance of habits of mind in shaping learning outcomes and life skills, the research aims to assess the prevalence and distribution of self-regulation, critical thinking, and creative thinking among teacher education students. Methods: The research utilizes a quantitative descriptive approach, conducted across three study programs: Biology Education, Chemistry Education, and Mathematics Education. Purposive sampling is employed to select a sample of 100 prospective teacher students. Data collection involves the administration of a questionnaire comprising three aspects: self-regulation, critical thinking, and creative thinking. The collected data are analyzed using quantitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the habits of mind among PMIPA students. Results and Discussion: The research findings reveal that the habits of mind among PMIPA students are generally categorized as good, with 84% exhibiting favorable habits. Among the three study programs, Biology Education students exhibit the highest percentage of favorable habits, followed by Chemistry Education and Mathematics Education. Self-regulation emerges as the predominant habitual component of the mind, followed by critical thinking, with creative thinking ranking lowest in prevalence. These findings suggest that while PMIPA students demonstrate strengths in self-regulation and critical thinking, there may be opportunities for further development of creative thinking skills. Implications of the Research: The results of this research hold significant implications for universities and lecturers involved in teacher education programs. By providing insights into the habits of mind prevalent among prospective teacher students, the findings can inform the design of appropriate teaching and learning strategies tailored to the needs and strengths of PMIPA students. Additionally, the research outcomes may contribute to the enhancement of teacher education curricula, emphasizing the cultivation of critical thinking and creative thinking skills alongside self-regulation. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a detailed examination of habits of mind among prospective teacher students in the PMIPA Department, particularly in the context of teacher education in Pontianak, Indonesia. By focusing on the components of self-regulation, critical thinking, and creative thinking, the research provides valuable insights into the cognitive and metacognitive skills prevalent among PMIPA students. The findings offer a basis for enhancing teacher education programs and fostering the development of well-rounded educators equipped with essential habits of mind for success in teaching and lifelong learning.

Achachairú (Garcinia humilis) Fruit Trees: Botany and Commercial Cultivation in South Florida

This article provides detailed information on the achachairú’s characteristics, botany, and recommended horticultural practices for commercial growers and county and state Extension faculty in south Florida and is also applicable for homeowners and students interested in growing achachairú. Written by Federico W. Sanchez, Jonathan H. Crane, Haimanote Bayabil, Ali Sarkhosh, Muhammad A. Shahid, and Bruce Schaffer, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, March 2024.

Engineering Economic Systems: Past, Present and Future

At Stanford, engineering economic systems emerged as a discipline in the late 1960’s. The department’s curriculum had four central areas: decision analysis, optimization, economic sciences, and dynamic systems. The emphasis was on both practice and theory. The Management Science and Engineering Department at Stanford (MS&E), founded in 2000, is an outgrowth of the former Engineering Economic Systems Department. MS&E focuses on the codesign of engineering platforms and social systems in the 21st century, at scale and with pervasive data. The goal is to understand, design, implement, and control large-scale, integrated systems of people and machines. The intellectual spectrum ranges from analytics and computation to social and behavioral sciences. This article describes examples of past and present projects in the areas of energy, education, the economy, the environment, and health. Looking to the future, we are likely to see the continual emergence of new technologies, increasing amounts of data, increasing levels of connectivity, advances in computing, ubiquity of machine learning and artificial intelligence, and increasing importance of the need to address social and environmental problems. These will lead to new ways of analyzing problems and rich new opportunities for the tools of engineering economic systems to have impact.

Acceptance of team-based learning by students and faculty: A pilot study.

Team-Based Learning (TBL) is an interactive instructional approach characterized by collaborative peer teaching in both large and small group settings. The study aims to assess usefulness of the TBL in enhancing student learning outcomes and engagement in graduate classes. This mixed method study was conducted from January 2023 till July 2023 at the Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences at Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, a questionnaire was distributed to graduate students in Endocrine and Reproductive course after TBL on 'Hormonal changes in Pregnancy'. Focus group discussion (FGD) was held with facilitator of this TBL and the students; results of both arms were then triangulated. All (four) students responded affirmatively regarding guided self-preparation, quality of application exercises, satisfaction in terms of student's engagement, a positive attitude and self-accountability. Themes identified by FGD of both students and facilitators were 'Students Engagement in Peer Learning, 'Conducive Learning Environment', "Time is Capital in TBL' and 'Conceptual learning.' The pilot study confirmed the utility of TBL by students as well as the facilitators. Students came with prior preparation, got engaged in problem-solving activities and received feedback from peers and the expert facilitators. The conducive environment enhanced their engagement, enabled them to actively apply the content and benefit from guided supervision.

Tailoring Full STEAM Ahead Empowerment: Creative Coding for 21st Century Girls

INTRODUCTION: This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the Creative Coding project’s impact on female empowerment.OBJECTIVES: The project addresses the gender disparity in STEAM fields by integrating coding and art for girls aged 10-15, using the Strudel tool that combines real-time live coding and music composition.METHODS: Through observation and interviews with the girls who participated and performed at the end of the Creative Coding project, but also with those who dropped out, we cast a deep look into the positive and negative parameters to tailor concrete measures for every girl empowerment - not only super achievers. We collaborated with teachers and female mentors from the Computer Science and Engineering Department as relatable role models, to support feelings of belonging and spark curiosity. Using the new user-friendly Strudel tool that supports the integration of art, music, and audio-visual elements, we aimed at an engaging learning experience. To tailor new actions and increase attrition we used a mess map for analysis of the wicked problem of dropouts. Finally, collaboration among the girls and peer learning were expected as by-product effects.RESULTS: Positive outcomes include increased interest, self-confidence, creativity, and aspirations in STEAM subjects among the girls. However, a more comprehensive and supportive environment is recognized as necessary to engage a broader group of girls in STEAM activities. The findings highlight the importance of cultivating curiosity, providing mentorship, promoting inclusivity and collaboration, and integrating creativity in education to inspire and empower girls in coding and STEAM disciplines.CONCLUSION: The paper concludes by emphasizing the potential of Creative Coding practices and the audio-visual perception of music to enhance girls’ empowerment, creativity, and interest in coding and STEAM fields.

ρ-meson longitudinal leading-twist distribution amplitude revisited and the D→ρ semileptonic decay* *Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12265009, 12265010, 12147102), the Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology (ZK[2021]024, ZK[2023]142), the Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education (KY[2021]030) and the Chongqing Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation (ydstd1912)

Motivated by our previous study [Phys. Rev. D 104(1), 016021 (2021)] on the pionic leading-twist distribution amplitude (DA), we revisit the ρ-meson leading-twist longitudinal DA in this study. A model proposed by Chang based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations is adopted to describe the behavior of . However, the ξ-moments of are calculated with the QCD sum rules in the framework of the background field theory. The sum rule formulas for these moments are improved. More accurate values for the first five nonzero ξ-moments at the typical scale are given, e.g., at , , , , , and . By fitting these values with the least squares method, the DSE model for is determined. By taking the left-handed current light-cone sum rule approach, we obtain the transition form factor in the large recoil region, i.e., , , and , and the ratio , . After extrapolating with a rapidly converging series based on -expansion, we present the -independent decay width for the semileptonic decays . Finally, the branching fractions are , , , and .

PERBEDAAN TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN AKUNTANSI MAHASISWA BERDASARKAN LULUSAN PADA MAHASISWA SEMESTER II TAHUN ANGKATAN 2017 PRODI AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS MUARA BUNGO

This research hopes to prove whether there are differences in understanding of accounting material from different school backgrounds. Research object at the Faculty of Economics, Muara Bungo University. In this study, the population used as the population in this study were students majoring in Accounting, totaling 62 second semester students at Muara Bungo University (UMB). This research uses quantitative descriptive data analysis outlined in the form of a frequency table. The scoring technique that will be used is a Likert scale to assess respondents' questionnaire answers. The definition of accounting according to the American Accounting Association is a process of identifying, measuring and reporting economic information to enable clear and firm research and decisions for those who use the information. The results of this research show that there is a significant difference in the level of understanding of assets between students from vocational school majoring in accounting, high school majoring in social studies and Madrasah Aliyah General. Assets, There is a significant difference in the level of understanding of obligations between students from the Accounting Department Vocational School, the Social Sciences Department High School and the General Madrasah Aliyah. Obligations, and There is a significant difference in the level of understanding of capital between students from the Accounting Department Vocational School, the Social Sciences Department High School and the General Madrasah Aliyah Equity.

C PROGRAM AS A TOOL FOR THE TEACHING OF SECOND ORDER ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Second order ordinary differential equation (ODE) has many applications in science and engineering. Undergraduate students in science and engineering departments must study this subject in order to understand other subjects which are related to real applications they will encounter later. There are many excellent textbooks on differential equations where the students can study the theory and solve the problems. However, a textbook cannot give a quick answer for a problem particularly when the problem is quite difficult. A good choice is to use software such as Maple or Mathematica. However, this software is not always available for the teaching and purchasing it is usually beyond the ability of a student or even a lecturer. On the other hand, lecturers who want to create problems by themselves will follow the theory of the ODE. While creating the problems may not be difficult, answering them are harder. Problems which are very easy to answer are less worthless because they will not increase the students’ knowledge. Here comes the solution. A C program has been created to help lecturers create problems and solve them quickly. The program is interactive and can be easily understood by anyone who has basic theory of ODE. No knowledge of programming is needed; a user just runs it and follows the instruction. Students can also use the program to sharpen their knowledge. They can compare the solution of a problem they have solved with the answer given by the program. While commercial software such as Maple and Mathematica is very powerful, they cannot be used without writing necessary commands to solve a problem.

Business Intelligence Data-driven Assistant (BIDDA) for MSMEs using Setup Predictive Performance Model

The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is offering soft loan service under the Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SETUP), to assist Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) to avail useful technologies and machineries in order to improve their operations. Low rate of repayments affects the agency’s operations and the government. This paper aimed to create a predictive system analysis to foresee the success of loan repayment in the agency, particularly in SETUP Program. MSMEs may enroll in this program through project proposal, indicating the marketing aspect; technological aspect; and financial aspect of the firm. The DOST evaluates the firm’s positivity and its repayment capability through the abovementioned three aspects. BIDDA aims to determine the significant attributes in the development of data sets of SETUP adopter selection criteria in terms of: a. demographic profile; b. pre-performance business profile; and c. post-performance business profile after S&T intervention. There are also three foundations on the predictive computation for success rate: The Financial which covers the 50%; the Sector which covers the 30%; and the Location which covers the 20% of the total 100% of the success rate. This also helps the MSMEs to determine not only in terms of SETUP program success rate but also in their business success rate. We used Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) machine learning model for the predictive analysis in the BIDDA application.

Decay process within the QCDSR approach* *Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12265010, 12265009) and the Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology (ZK[2021]024, ZK[2023]142)

In this paper, we investigate the charmed meson rare decay process using an approach based on QCD sum rules. First, the pion twist-2, 3 distribution amplitude (DA) moments and are calculated up to the tenth and fourth orders, respectively, in the QCD sum rules according to the background field theory. After constructing the light-cone harmonic oscillator model for the pion twist-2, 3 DAs, we obtain their behaviors by matching the calculated ξ-moments. Then, the transition form factors (TFFs) are calculated using an approach based on QCD light-cone sum rules. The vector form factor at the large recoil region is . Using the rapidly converging simplified series expansion of , we present the TFFs and corresponding angular coefficients in the whole squared momentum transfer physical region. Based on non-standard neutrino interactions, the decay can be related to the decay indirectly. Thus, we first describe the semileptonic decay process , differential decay widths, and branching fraction with . The differential/total predictions for forward-backward asymmetry, -differential flat terms, and lepton polarization asymmetry are also reported. The prediction for the branching fraction is .

Consumers' Response to Food Date Labels

This research project delves into consumers' responses to food expiry date labels, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12.3, to reduce global food waste by 50% at consumer and retail levels by 2030. The project utilises biometric (eye tracking) data collection to investigate consumer interpretation of expiration labels and the potential correlation between inadequate understanding and household food waste. The research methodology involves an in-depth literature analysis, focusing on distinctions between best-before and use-by dates, particularly concerning food safety. The study addresses crucial questions, including consumers' responses to expiry dates, comprehensions, awareness of best-before versus use-by distinctions, and the correct utilisation of these labels. The key innovation lies in uncovering consumer behaviours and proposing a streamlined labelling approach with fewer best-before dates, offering opportunities for the food industry to reduce household food waste, consequently mitigating the environmental impact on landfills, and contributing to climate change mitigation.
 Supervised by: Erin Young, Grace Clare, Miranda Mirosa, Food Science Department, University of Otago
 Scholarship Project Funded by: New Zealand- China Food Protection Network

Understanding of Animal Science Students on Livestock Fiqh : Case Study Students of Animal Science Department State Agricultural Polytechnic Pangkajene Kepulauan, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Understanding of Animal Science Students on Livestock Fiqh : Case Study Students of Animal Science Department State Agricultural Polytechnic Pangkajene Kepulauan, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Readiness and Challenges of Prishtina University Students for ESP Classes

Learning and teaching a language for specific purposes, in our case English language, is quite a new approach at the Public University of Prishtina, which was established only in 1970. Considering this fact, English language teaching in Kosovo has been around ever since. It was initially taught as General English (GE) in the schools of the capital city and later, namely from the 1980s to date throughout the country. Nevertheless, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is one of the most recent courses that have started to attract the attention of the domestic teaching authorities, mainly at the university level, while it continues to be absent in secondary schools. Despite this, the reason for the absence of ESP in secondary education relates to the lack of planning, extracurricular teaching materials or specific textbooks. In this paper, we will review the current state of GE at the University of Prishtina by assessing the English language first-term exam results for two groups of students in the first year in the Departments of History and Political Sciences, with the aim of finding out whether they are ready to attend ESP courses in the second semester. Research has taken place amongst male and female students, aged 18-19, who attended the A1 and B2+GE level as per the CEFR requirements. The students who pass the exam may be qualified to attend the ESP classes in the second semester, whereas students who did not should continue with GE classes.

The Situation of Using Kurdish Language in the Law Department at Kurdistan Universities

More than one language of instruction can be discerned in the higher education system of the Kurdistan Region. In the colleges and departments of pure and applied sciences, the programmes are taught in English or a mixture of English and Kurdish. However, Kurdish is not yet fully relied on in colleges and departments of humanities and social sciences. That is, in some departments and colleges, it is still assumed that the Arabic language is dominant in the learning process. The main aim of this study is to determine the level of use of Kurdish as a medium of instruction in law departments at Kurdistan Region universities. Additionally, to understand the effects of the Kurdishization of education in the law department on the learning process and to unveil the obstacles facing the process of Kurdishization of programmes and teaching, specialised subjects in the law department at the universities of the Kurdistan Region. The research is descriptive and relies on a survey method to obtain the opinions of 103 students of both genders (male and female) in different stages of the Department of Law at the University of Garmian during the second semester of the academic year (2022-2023). This research has reached several concluding points, chief among them being that the language used in the student-related activities is Kurdish, while in the teacher-related tasks, Arabic is mainly used. Kurdishization of the law in the law department will also have several positive effects on the learning process, including making students feel comfortable, reducing their level of fear and anxiety, and enabling them to participate in questions, answers, scientific discussions, and classroom activities. Meanwhile, the study found that there are several obstacles to the process of Kurdishization of the curriculum and teaching of law departments in universities, including the lack of a legal curriculum in Kurdish and an underestimation of the capacity of the Kurdish language dictionary for conveying and teaching legal subjects.

Accuracy of an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot’s Interpretation of Clinical Ophthalmic Images

Ophthalmology is reliant on effective interpretation of multimodal imaging to ensure diagnostic accuracy. The new ability of ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI) to interpret ophthalmic images has not yet been explored. To evaluate the performance of the novel release of an artificial intelligence chatbot that is capable of processing imaging data. This cross-sectional study used a publicly available dataset of ophthalmic cases from OCTCases, a medical education platform based out of the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences at the University of Toronto, with accompanying clinical multimodal imaging and multiple-choice questions. Across 137 available cases, 136 contained multiple-choice questions (99%). The chatbot answered questions requiring multimodal input from October 16 to October 23, 2023. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the chatbot in answering multiple-choice questions pertaining to image recognition in ophthalmic cases, measured as the proportion of correct responses. χ2 Tests were conducted to compare the proportion of correct responses across different ophthalmic subspecialties. A total of 429 multiple-choice questions from 136 ophthalmic cases and 448 images were included in the analysis. The chatbot answered 299 of multiple-choice questions correctly across all cases (70%). The chatbot's performance was better on retina questions than neuro-ophthalmology questions (77% vs 58%; difference = 18%; 95% CI, 7.5%-29.4%; χ21 = 11.4; P < .001). The chatbot achieved a better performance on nonimage-based questions compared with image-based questions (82% vs 65%; difference = 17%; 95% CI, 7.8%-25.1%; χ21 = 12.2; P < .001).The chatbot performed best on questions in the retina category (77% correct) and poorest in the neuro-ophthalmology category (58% correct). The chatbot demonstrated intermediate performance on questions from the ocular oncology (72% correct), pediatric ophthalmology (68% correct), uveitis (67% correct), and glaucoma (61% correct) categories. In this study, the recent version of the chatbot accurately responded to approximately two-thirds of multiple-choice questions pertaining to ophthalmic cases based on imaging interpretation. The multimodal chatbot performed better on questions that did not rely on the interpretation of imaging modalities. As the use of multimodal chatbots becomes increasingly widespread, it is imperative to stress their appropriate integration within medical contexts.

Türkiye'de Odun Dışı Orman Ürünleri Konulu Lisansüstü Tezlerin Bibliyometrik Analizi

In this study, bibliometric analysis of graduate theses, which were researched under the general title of non-wood forest products in the National Thesis Center database of the Council of Higher Education (CoHE) was carried out based on various criteria. The criteria are: type, year, university, institute, depart-ment, gender, title of the advisors, language of writing, number of pages, number of references, keywords. For this purpose, the thesis search engine of CoHE was searched with the keywords "non-wood forest products and non-wood" in Turkish and "non-wood forest products" in English. As a result of the scan-ning process carried out on June 25 -July 5, 2023, 29 graduate theses on the subject of non-wood forest products have been identified, but one of the theses is not open access. 82% of theses within the scope of evaluation are master's thesis and 18% are doctoral thesis. The most graduate theses were completed in 2019. In total, graduate thesis on non-wood forest products was written in 11 different universities. The university that contributed the most to the subject within the scope of the study is Karadeniz Technical University. It was determined that the theses on non-wood forest products were mostly realized in the institute of science and forest engineering department. The authors of the graduate theses do not differ by gender and 90% of the advisors are male. It was determined that graduate theses were mostly completed under the advisors of professors. 43% of the theses were written in the range of 51-100 pages and approx-imately 50% of the theses benefited from 51-100 references. 89 different keywords were used in theses. Doctoral studies in this field can be increased.

Impact of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and it’s Attributing Traits of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

The experiment was carried out to explore the “Impact of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and it’s attributing traits on Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)”. The experiment was conducted during 2021-2022 at experimental farm of Department of Horticultural sciences, Naini Agriculture Institute, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF), vermicompost, poultry manure, farm yard manure and inorganic fertilizers were used as treatments. Eight different doses of treatments were recommended for each replication. Experiment was conducted using Randomized Block Design (RBD). The performance of growth and yield was analysed. The Treatment T4 - 100%RDF+ (5t vermicompost +2.5t poultry manure) performed well with a better Plant height of 77 cm at 90 days, number of branches 15.32, days to 50 % flowering 36.32 days, number of fruits per plant 75.32, fruit length 11.64cm, number of seeds per fruit 62.66, test weight of 6.68 g, maximum fruit yield per plant was 845.80 g and maximum fruit yield per plot was 313.25 q/ha. Control treatment shown the lowest growth and yield.

A Study on Perception Survey of Preservice Elementary Teachers on Teaching Methods in Astronomy — A Secondary Publication

This study was conducted on 115 students from four classes of 2nd-year intensive courses at B University of Education. Preservice elementary teachers were surveyed on what teaching methods they were aware of regarding the subject of elementary science astronomy. Recognition data of 80 people from whom the questionnaire was collected were analyzed. For this study, a 5-day survey was conducted. Preservice elementary teachers complained of difficulties in teaching methods in the astronomy area of the science department. The purpose of this study was to find out what difficulties preservice elementary teachers have in teaching elementary science astronomy topics and to explore more efficient teaching methods for teaching astronomy topics. The topic of the survey was set by discussing with the preservice elementary teachers about what kind of survey to use in teaching the subject of elementary science astronomy. There are many topics for elementary science astronomy, but two questionnaires were prepared focusing on the unit on the Earth and the moon: “What does the Earth look like?” in Unit 4 (1/10) of the 3rd year, 1st semester; in Unit 2 (1/11) of the 1st semester of the 6th grade, it was set as “What does the moon look like?” The surveys candidly described how to teach the subject of astronomy to elementary school students by mobilizing all the background knowledge of preservice elementary teachers. The results of these surveys were visualized and displayed using NetMiner as a language analysis method, and the contents of the responses to the actual surveys by preservice elementary teachers were described and interpreted. Based on these results, preservice elementary teachers tried to suggest a more efficient teaching method for the subject of elementary science astronomy. In addition, basic procedures and methods for lecturing on the subject of elementary science astronomy were presented. A more efficient teaching method for teaching elementary science astronomy subjects to preservice elementary teachers was suggested.

Visual outcomes and patient satisfaction after bilateral implantation of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens: a single-masked prospective randomized study

PurposeTo evaluate and compare the visual outcomes of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with two different monofocal IOLs.SettingEye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.DesignProspective, single-center, single-masked, randomized controlled clinical study.MethodsThe study included patients undergoing phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Patients were consecutively randomized by block randomization and assigned in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio to three study arms to bilaterally receive Tecnis Eyhance™ (model ICB00) or Tecnis® monofocal 1-piece (model PCB00) or Clareon® monofocal (model CNA0T0), respectively. Monocular and binocular (both corrected and uncorrected) visual acuities for far, intermediate and near were registered and compared among groups at 3 months. To track changes in patient quality of life, the Catquest-9SF questionnaire was administered to each patient before and after cataract extraction.ResultsNinety patients (30 for each group) were enrolled. At 3 months follow-up, statistically significant differences for intermediate visual acuities were found between the three groups. Nonstatistically significant differences were observed for distance visual acuities and the changes in Catquest-9SF scores.ConclusionTecnis Eyhance™ provided better results in intermediate visual outcomes without adverse effects on patients’ quality of life.

Relationship of ACE1 and ACE2 genetic polymorphisms on SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of symptoms in different regions of Iraq

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Biology Department - College of Science - Tikrit University, the laboratories of the Food Science Department - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar, and the Public Health Laboratories - Anbar for the period from December 2021 AD until February 2022 AD, study involved taking samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients of both sexes, after a confirmed positive PCR test result. As well as those lying in quarantine in three Iraqi governorates (the isolation unit in Karkh, Yarmouk and Kadhimiya hospitals, the Al-Shifa quarry hospital in Anbar, the public health laboratory in Anbar, and the quarantine hospital for thousands in Erbil), in addition to outpatient clinics. They were distributed by 30 patients and 20 healthy subjects from each governorate, with ages ranging from 18-80 years, randomly to men and women in order to determine the role of genetic polymorphisms in the ACE inhibitor gene in the study samples. The results of the genetic polymorphisms of ACE-1rs4646994, ACE-2rs2106809, and ACE-2rs4240157 showed that there were non-significant differences between the frequency of alleles and genotypes in the patient's group compared with the healthy group. The DD mutant genotype of ACE-1rs4646994 appeared in the patient's group in Baghdad and Anbar with a high percentage, while patients in Erbil showed the highest percentage of the heterozygous genotype ID compared to healthy subjects, with an OR= 0.922, OR= 2.750, and OR= 1.118, respectively, for the mutant allele D. Therefore, it is not considered a risk factor for the disease in Baghdad, in contrast to Anbar and Erbil. The polymorphism of ACE-2rs2106809, the homozygous genotype CC was dominant in patients in the aforementioned provinces and may not be considered a risk factor for the disease. The results of ACE-2rs4240157 gene polymorphism, the heterozygous CT genotype showed a high percentage in patients in Baghdad and, while in Anbar patients, the normal genotype TT appeared to be the highest percentage compared to healthy subjects. The C mutant allele in Baghdad, Anbar, and Erbil patients reached OR= 1.306, OR= 4.333, and OR= 9.00, respectively, so this allele is considered a risk factor for the disease. We can conclude from this study the role of each of the polymorphisms rs4646994 ACE-1 and rs4240157 ACE-2 in infection with COVID-19 and the severity of its symptoms according to the geographical region and race, in contrast to rs2106809 ACE-2, as it is possible to conduct clinical studies to demonstrate the role of genetic polymorphisms with Relationship to diseases depending on the region and race.