Public Welfare Department Research Articles

The control of the content of conversation through reinforcement.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorVolume 4, Issue 1 p. 25-30 THE CONTROL OF THE CONTENT OF CONVERSATION THROUGH REINFORCEMENT N. H. Azrin, N. H. Azrin ANNA STATE HOSPITAL, ILLINOIS 2Search for more papers by this authorW. Holz, W. Holz ANNA STATE HOSPITAL, ILLINOIS 2Search for more papers by this authorR. Ulrich, R. Ulrich ANNA STATE HOSPITAL, ILLINOIS 2Search for more papers by this authorI. Goldiamond, I. Goldiamond ANNA STATE HOSPITAL, ILLINOIS 2 Now at Arizona State College, Tempe, Arizona.Search for more papers by this author N. H. Azrin, N. H. Azrin ANNA STATE HOSPITAL, ILLINOIS 2Search for more papers by this authorW. Holz, W. Holz ANNA STATE HOSPITAL, ILLINOIS 2Search for more papers by this authorR. Ulrich, R. Ulrich ANNA STATE HOSPITAL, ILLINOIS 2Search for more papers by this authorI. Goldiamond, I. Goldiamond ANNA STATE HOSPITAL, ILLINOIS 2 Now at Arizona State College, Tempe, Arizona.Search for more papers by this author First published: January 1961 https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1961.4-25Citations: 49 This investigation was supported by a grant from the Psychiatric Training and Research Fund of the Illinois Department of Public Welfare. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume4, Issue1January 1961Pages 25-30 RelatedInformation

Strategy in Evaluating the Effectiveness of Community Mental Health Programs

T HE PROBLEMS of evaluating the effectiveness of community health programs were the subject of a recent study in Minnesota. The study was based on an analysis of statistical reports received by the Minnesota Department of Public Welfare for the fiscal year 1958-59. These reports had been submitted to the central agency in accordance with standard reporting procedures set forth by the Public Health Service. The material was gathered from outpatient clinics, or community health centers, in the Minnesota health system. In this paper the terms clinics and or mental health centers are used interchangeably. In actuality, the term mental health centers is most appropriate, since the Minnesota program is designed by law to include educational, consultative, rehabilitative, and preventive services in addition to the basic clinical ones.

Thoracic Surgery in Mentally Ill Patients

General Observations Adequate care of mentally ill patients presenting pulmonary disease (non-specific infections, lung abscesses, bronchiectases, empyema), malignant and benign tumors and the demands of an effective tuberculosis control program necessitate the application of thoracic surgery in hospitals for the mentally ill. It is worthy of note that the incidence of tuberculosis detected among patients admitted to the Illinois Department of Public Welfare’s 13 mental hospitals and the two schools for the mentally retarded is 29 times greater than the reported incidence in the general population.’ These institutions have an average total resident patient population of about 48,000. To serve this institutional system, thoracic surgical centers were set up at Kankakee State Hospital in 1951 and at Chicago State Hospital in 1954. A thoracic surgical service established in 1957 provides consultation and surgical service to all state welfare institutions. Under the present program, conferences at which the medical, surgical and roentgen departments are represented, screen the patients and on recommendation they are channeled to either of the two centers for final evaluation and treatment. The following is a report on the major thoracic surgery performed on mentally ill or retarded patients under the department’s auspices and at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Downey, Illinois, a 2,847-bed neuropsychiatric facility. The period covered is from October, 1947 through December, 1957, with follow-up ranging from one to eleven years. During this period there were 388 procedures performed on 343 patients with an overall post-operative mortality (within 90 days) of 23 patients (6.7 per cent). Eighty-six of these procedures were conducted at the Veterans Administration Hospital. These patients represent a cross-section of the various types of mental disease, including schizophrenics, chronic alcoholics with deterioration and senile dementias, epileptics and mentally retarded with and without psychosis. It must be emphasized that we are dealing surgically with the chronic mentally ill patient. An insight into the reluctance of the relative and a tactful approach to this problem are very necessary. For analytical purposes, the patients are divided into tuberculous and non-tuberculous categories. Many were not optimal risk candidates for surgery.

Developing a Detention Service in Rural Areas Chairman: RAYMOND L. MANELLA, Chief, Division of Training Schools, Maryland Department of Public Welfare. Discussants: JAMES I. CULLEN, Staff Assistant, Reception-Detention Facili ties, Massachusetts Division of Youth Service; JOHN J. DOWNEY, Consultant on Child Detention Care, New York State Department of Social Welfare; HERBERT A. KRUEGER, Chief, Bureau of Juvenile Probation and Detention,

Developing a Detention Service in Rural Areas Chairman: RAYMOND L. MANELLA, Chief, Division of Training Schools, Maryland Department of Public Welfare. Discussants: JAMES I. CULLEN, Staff Assistant, Reception-Detention Facili ties, Massachusetts Division of Youth Service; JOHN J. DOWNEY, Consultant on Child Detention Care, New York State Department of Social Welfare; HERBERT A. KRUEGER, Chief, Bureau of Juvenile Probation and Detention,

Hidalgo County Homemaker Program

H IDALGO COUNTY'S public welfare agency in < its child welfare work has the distinction of being the first to <i provide homemaker services in Texas. We feel these services answer a vital need in our county. Actually, there are some parts of our homemaker service which we do not like but cannot change immediately because of our financial situation. I want to tell you about some of the weak points as well as the strong; the good and the bad. Imagine yourself in the southernmost city of Texas, Brownsville at the mouth of the Rio Grande. Travel up the river about 75 miles, turn directly north, and go another 20 miles. You will find yourself in Edinburg, the county seat of Hidalgo County. There are about 16,000 people in Edinburg when all the migrant workers have returned from the north, which usually happens in December. There are about 200,000 people in Hidalgo County. It is a large county and much more thickly populated than some counties I know of in Texas. The chamber of commerce would prefer that I tell you only the attractive things about the region, such as the good, tree-ripened citrus fruits, the beautiful palm trees, the many oil and gas wells, the fine cattle, and the warm winter vacationland; but I feel that you should know more than these facts because there are some which influence our child welfare homemaker program. We have a population of 75,000 children, many of them from large families whose parents are poorly paid farm laborers. Wages are from $4 to $5 per day when they work. Because of inadequate diet, lack of medical care, overwork, and poor health standards, incidence of tuberculosis is extremely high. In the South Texas State Tuberculosis Hospital, located in the adjoining county, there were 473 patients on August 31, 1959. Of that number 205, or 43 percent, were from Hidalgo County. There are great social and cultural differences. Seventy percent of the residents are Latin-American, or Spanish-speaking; others are those who have settled there from the colder regions "up north." Our child welfare agency is charged with the responsibility of providing protective services to children who are "dependent" and "neglected," as defined by our State laws. This includes the usual provisions for foster-home boarding care, casework services, and adoptions. Homemaker service came to be a part of our program as a result of an experiment with two family situations. I would like to tell you briefly about these two families before we discuss other features of the work. On a visit to the home of Mr. G in Edinburg, Tex., we might see a family of two girls and three boys getting ready for school. We would be in a small frame house with two bedrooms, a kitchen, and an outdoor toilet. It is a very modest house, but what you would Mr. Justiss is regional service supervisor, State Department of Public Welfare, Hidalgo County Child Welfare Unit, Edinburg, Tex. This paper was delivered at the Round Table Conference on Homemaker Service of the American Public Welfare Association in Washington, D.C., December 4, 1959.

Counseling and Rehabilitation Techniques in the Adult Institution Chairman: E. PRESTON SHARP, Director, Philadelphia Youth Study Center. Discussants: ABELICIO CHAVEZ, Correction Counselor, Soledad State Prison, Calif.; JOHN GALVIN, Warden, Federal Correctional Institution, Ashland, Ky.; SANGER POWERS, Director, Division of Corrections, Wisconsin Department of Public Welfare; ALBERT C. WAGNER, Superintendent, New Jersey Reformatory, Bordentown. Recorder: LT. COLONEL VIRGIL P. FOSTER, JR.,

Counseling and Rehabilitation Techniques in the Adult Institution Chairman: E. PRESTON SHARP, Director, Philadelphia Youth Study Center. Discussants: ABELICIO CHAVEZ, Correction Counselor, Soledad State Prison, Calif.; JOHN GALVIN, Warden, Federal Correctional Institution, Ashland, Ky.; SANGER POWERS, Director, Division of Corrections, Wisconsin Department of Public Welfare; ALBERT C. WAGNER, Superintendent, New Jersey Reformatory, Bordentown. Recorder: LT. COLONEL VIRGIL P. FOSTER, JR.,

AS YE SOW (25 minutes, color, produced by the Illinois Department of Public Welfare.)

AS YE SOW (25 minutes, color, produced by the Illinois Department of Public Welfare.)

STRANGER IN THE FAMILY (55 minutes, color, also produced by the Illinois Department of Public Welfare.)

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessSTRANGER IN THE FAMILY (55 minutes, color, also produced by the Illinois Department of Public Welfare.)Jack NeherJack NeherSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.10.7.58-aAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "STRANGER IN THE FAMILY (55 minutes, color, also produced by the Illinois Department of Public Welfare.)." Psychiatric Services, 10(7), pp. 58-a–59 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 10Issue 7 September 1959Pages 58-a-59 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 September 1959

Day hospitals for severely disturbed schizophrenic children.

This paper has pointed out that our current facilities for the care of schizophrenic children are too limited. Children have the alternative generally of either being cared for in an outpatient facility or sent to a residential center. Surveys that are done of children who are finally admitted to residential centers indicate that this may well be a placement of last resort rather than one of choice. It often reflects failure of the community to provide proper care for the child in the early stages of his illness. Months or years of negotiations with outpatient agencies often come to naught and finally residential placement is necessary. Donald Bloch(4) has pointed out that there is an inexorable trend to institutionalization of children. Very often the way home is impossible, in spite of improvement and adequate adjustment on the part of the child at the residential center. It may well be that the lack of differentiated local treatment centers results in the inappropriate placement of a large number of mentally ill children in residential treatment centers. Thus, one searches for alternatives, for intermediate facilities that are readily available at the community level, that might serve to halt the progress of the mental illness and rehabilitate the child in an earlier, more amenable phase. For schizophrenic children, the day hospital would appear to be ideal as one of the intermediate facilities. The number of children in residential settings, particularly in state hospitals, is increasing rapidly. Forstenzer(10) has pointed out that the number of children under 16 in state hospitals in New York State has increased from 673 on April 30, 1955 to 1,056 on March 31, 1957. Of the 1,056 who were in New York state hospitals on March 31, 1957, 377 children were less than 12 years of age, and 679 were 12 years through 15. More than 20% were in facilities other than those specifically serving children or adolescents. The change from 1955 to 1957 represents an increase of more than 57% and gives some measure of the problems confronting those responsible for organizing and administering state mental health programs. Pressures come from many sources: organizations of parents of emotionally disturbed children, judges of children's courts, schools, public welfare departments, voluntary child care agencies and civic groups in the health and welfare fields. These pressures seem to be pushing toward traditional solutions. The state has always provided for domiciliary care for the mentally ill, and thus large central institutions for the care of schizophrenic children are being built throughout the country. However, such exclusive channeling of effort may indicate that many administrators are the prisoners of an older idea. We recognize now the very great importance of treating not only the mentally ill child, but also his family, and of centering treatment near his home, within the community. A day hospital can be established in relatively small communities as an independent unit, as part of a state hospital or as part of a public school. The experience of the League School indicates the feasibility of such a day hospital. Because of its rapid growth and the ever-increasing number of applications, the school also demonstrates the great need for such an institution in the community. Not only can a day hospital serve the needs of many schizophrenic children; it can also help the parents, and by its presence in the community, serve as a center for alerting the community to its mental health needs and gain its support for the expansion of appropriate programs.

Honorable Mention Minnesota Department of Public Welfare, St. Paul

Honorable Mention Minnesota Department of Public Welfare, St. Paul

Observations on a newly recognized ECHO virus and a description of an outbreak in a nursery.

Journal Article OBSERVATIONS ON A NEWLY RECOGNIZED ECHO VIRUS AND A DESCRIPTION OF AN OUTBREAK IN A NURSERY Get access LEON ROSEN, LEON ROSEN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES H. JOHNSON, JAMES H. JOHNSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT J. HUEBNER, ROBERT J. HUEBNER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOSEPH A. BELL JOSEPH A. BELL 2The authors are indebted to the following persons for technical assistance: Miss C. Cumming, Mr. J. Bates, Miss J. Fowler, Mias B. Jacobaen, Mr. W. Lane, Mr. B. Lynt, and Mrs. R. Shvedoff. The cooperation of Dr. Jack Kleh, Medical Director, D. C. Village, Department of Public Welfare, Waahington, D. C., is alao gratefully acknowledged Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 67, Issue 3, May 1958, Pages 300–310, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119936 Published: 01 May 1958 Article history Received: 08 February 1958 Published: 01 May 1958

Knowledge and utilization of health resources by public assistance recipients. I. Public health and preventive medical resources.

DURING THE summer of 1955 a study was made in Syracuse, N. Y., to ascertain the extent to which recipients of public assistance utilize health services available to them and to compare their utilization with that of other socioeconomic groups. An attempt was also made to determine whether the health education technics utilized by voluntary and official community health agencies reach public welfare recipients to the same extent as other population groups, or whether an intensification of or change in these technics is indicated. The project was a joint undertaking of the New York State Departments of Social Welfare and of Health, the State University College of Medicine at Syracuse, the Syracuse City Department of Health, and the Onondaga County Department of Public Welfare. This report will describe the methodology and present the findings concerning the knowledge and utilization of public preventive medical services. A second report will describe the findings relative to therapeutic services.*

Rural Urban Differentials and Juvenile Delinquency

Are there significant differences between rural and urban delinquency? If there are, as this article indicates, then a differential application of our theoretical knowledge (which has been largely urban in character) is necessary. The author is in charge of research and statistics for the Division for Children and Youth, State Department of Public Welfare, Madison, Wisconsin; part-time instructor in criminology for the University of Wisconsin Extension Division; formerly assistant superintendent of the Wisconsin Child Center at Sparta, Wisconsin. He has also been on the faculty of the Wisconsin Juvenile Law Enforcement Officer's Institute at the University of Wisconsin where the study described in this article has been presented.EDITOR.

Working with Parents

Journal Article Working with Parents Get access Sandra D. Arbit Sandra D. Arbit Formerly a member of the Institute for Juvenile Research Department of Public Welfare, Champaign, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Work, Volume 1, Issue 3, July 1956, Pages 86–93, https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/1.3.86 Published: 01 July 1956

A Look at Some Administrative Problems

IN ORDER to do my best to maintain a community of interest, I have assumed that there is no particular interest in a recital of the various dimensions of the Minnesota Department of Public Welfare, but that there is particular interest in the principles, concepts, techniques, methods-in short, the way in which we meet our administrative problemssince these things are very likely similar to those you experience. Now, I think it is only fair to get our nomenclature straight. When I say institution, that means the equivalent of a field office; when I say we, it usually means the Department of Public Welfare; and when I say I, it means no one else is to blame. In order to apply our experience to the topic at hand, you should know that Minnesota's Department of Welfare consists of a central office, located in St. Paul, with a staff of some 325 employes, organized into six divisions. These divisions are Corrections, Child Welfare, Public Assistance, Medical Services, Field Services, and Administrative Services. Channeled through their appropriate divisions is responsibility for eight mental hospitals, two institutions for the mentally deficient, three special schools, a tuberculosis sanatorium, a hospital for crippled children, three correctional institutions, and a small child-care institution. These facilities employ slightly more than 5,ooo persons. In addition, the central office exercises supervision over the 87 county welfare boards who are administering the various welfare programs-for example, old age assistance and aid to dependent children. From this, you can see that we are easily beset with

Progress of the Division of Alcoholism; Rhode Island Department of Public Welfare, 1952–1953

Progress of the Division of Alcoholism; Rhode Island Department of Public Welfare, 1952–1953

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

A situation in which responsibility for care of foster children fell to a teaching pediatric service, provided an opportunity for extending a pediatric house officer's activities into a sociologic sphere. Every house officer has had some contact with social problems discovered as part of outpatient care, but in the instance to be described these problems were so concentrated that active participation by the pediatric house staff seemed a logical and necessary step. The Baltimore City Hospitals' Pediatric Division supplies the medical care for the wards of the Children's Division of the Department of Public Welfare. This agency supervises about 2,300 children in foster homes in the city of Baltimore. As these children were brought to the outpatient department for one or another reason, we were constantly confronted with the special Problem of the adolescent girl in a foster home. The manifest special problems of the age group were concerned with sexual relations-Promiscuity, prostitution, illegitimate pregnancy amid its consequences, and venereal disease. Particularly trying to the clinic physicians in their attempts to develop a satisfactory physician-patient relationship with these girls were their attitudes of resentment, their lack of even minimal information on matters of basic hygiene, and their unawareness of "accepted" social conduct.

A Psychiatrist Looks at VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE

Vocational Guidance QuarterlyVolume 2, Issue 1 p. 25-27 A Psychiatrist Looks at VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE Dr. LESLIE A. OSBORN, Dr. LESLIE A. OSBORN Professor of Psychiatry 1Dr. Leslie A. Osborn is Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Psychiatric Institute, University of Wisconsin; Director, Division of Mental Hygiene, Wisconsin State Department of Public Welfare; and author of Psychiatry and Medicine, an Introduction to Personalized Medicine, McGraw-Hill, 1952.Search for more papers by this author Dr. LESLIE A. OSBORN, Dr. LESLIE A. OSBORN Professor of Psychiatry 1Dr. Leslie A. Osborn is Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Psychiatric Institute, University of Wisconsin; Director, Division of Mental Hygiene, Wisconsin State Department of Public Welfare; and author of Psychiatry and Medicine, an Introduction to Personalized Medicine, McGraw-Hill, 1952.Search for more papers by this author First published: Autumn 1953 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-585X.1953.tb01461.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume2, Issue1Autumn 1953Pages 25-27 RelatedInformation

The Public Welfare Department: A Community Resource in Social Education

The Public Welfare Department: A Community Resource in Social Education

Wage Levels and Welfare Standards

That there is a definite relationship between the general level of wages paid in any community and the welfare standards of that community is by now beginning to be understood. Such relationship is implicitly recognized in the commonly encountered fear that financial assistance can affect the willingness of employable persons to accept the level of wages currently being paid in the community. The pressures that are felt by most public welfare departments against large payments in aid-to-dependent-children cases also is evidence, at least in part, that few if any communities are prepared to approve assistance payments which are much in excess of the