Department Of Preventive Medicine Research Articles

Um sanitarista chamado Walter Leser

Resumo Faz uma breve revisão da trajetória profissional do médico sanitarista Walter Sidney Pereira Leser, falecido em 2004 aos 94 anos. Autodidata, a partir de sua tese de doutoramento de 1933, torna-se referência no campo da estatística e epidemiologia no país, com dezenas de estudos e orientações. No campo clínico é um dos fundadores do Laboratório Fleury, e participa da criação do CREMESP. Como acadêmico, foi catedrático da Escola de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina e Faculdade de Farmácia e Odontologia da USP. Introduziu os testes objetivos no exame vestibular, e esteve à frente da criação do CESCEM e Fundação Carlos Chagas. Na Escola Paulista criou o primeiro Departamento de Medicina Preventiva do país. Como administrador público, foi secretário de Estado da Saúde entre 1967 e 1971 e entre 1975 e 1979, responsável por extensas reformas e inovações. Entre as mais lembradas, a criação da carreira de médico sanitarista. Por todo esse legado, emprestou seu nome à “Medalha de Honra e Mérito da Gestão Pública em Saúde” do governo paulista.

Cohort Profile: Health Watch-a 30-year prospective cohort study of Australian petroleum industry workers.

Health Watch was established in 1980 at the University of Melbourne to ‘explore possible links between occupational experience in the [petroleum] industry’ and subsequent mortality and cancer incidence. There was concern that occupational exposure to fossil fuels could result in occupational cancers and it was anticipated that ‘well designed epidemiological studies, and carefully planned data bases’ were ‘capable of confirming or refuting such association’ rather than relying on clinician recognition of clusters. Health Watch was ‘designed to operate as a general health surveillance system’ comparable to a contemporary USA study funded by the American Petroleum Institute. Later reports expanded the aim to be ‘a prospective epidemiological study with the capacity to test specific hypotheses regarding the possible health consequences of occupationally determined exposure to hydrocarbon and other chemical substances’. This follows efforts by the industry’s occupational hygienists to link descriptive job categories to an index of hydrocarbon exposure. The main aims of tracking mortality and cancer incidence in the cohort have not changed over time, but subanalyses have been included e.g. for tanker drivers and for a group of men at a particular refinery. After an excess of lympho-haematopoetic (LH) cancer was identified, a case-control study was instituted to investigate whether benzene exposure was associated with this increased risk. This study was followed up in 2008 with a pooled analysis to identify which subtypes of LH cancer might be most strongly associated with benzene exposure. The industry has reduced benzene exposure over the period of the cohort. In 1999, the custodianship of the cohort was transferred to the University of Adelaide and then in 2005 to Monash University’s Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health in the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, where it currently resides. The Australian Institute of Petroleum (AIP) has funded the relevant universities, including Monash University, to implement the study with funds from their member companies in the Australian petroleum industry. The study has an advisory committee that meets regularly and includes the relevant university investigators and trades union and company representatives. The committee is chaired by a representative of the participating companies on a rotating basis and the AIP provides the secretariat.

Risk and preventive factors for heat illness in radiation decontamination workers after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.

The aim of this study was to reveal factors related to heat illness in radiation decontamination workers and determine effective preventive measures. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 1,505 radiation decontamination workers. The questionnaire included age, sex, duration of decontamination work, previous occupation, education provided by employers regarding heat illness, preventive action against heat illness, and subjective symptoms of heat illness during work. We included 528 men, who replied and answered all questions, in the statistical analysis. Subjective symptoms of heat illness were categorized as "no symptoms", "Grade I" and "Grade II" according to severity. A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the factors associated with the severity of heat illness. The mean age of the subjects was 47.6 years old (standard deviation: 13.4). Of the 528 workers, 316 (59.8%) experienced heat illness symptoms (213 at Grade I and 103 at Grade II). The results of the stepwise selection revealed that age, outdoor manual labor, adequate sleep, use of a cool vest, and salt intake were selected as preventive factors, whereas living in a company dormitory or temporary housing, wearing light clothing, and consuming breakfast were selected as risk factors for heat illness. Both working conditions and living environment are associated with heat illness in radiation decontamination workers. Type of housing and sleep are also strongly related to heat illness during work. Employers should consider not only the working conditions of the employee but also the employee's daily living conditions, in order to prevent heat illness.

Commentary: Revised recommendation from CMDh on use of valproate in women is ethically incomplete and neglects the interests of women.

Commentary: Revised recommendation from CMDh on use of valproate in women is ethically incomplete and neglects the interests of women.

Relationship Between Tobacco Smoking Curiosity And Levels Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior In Adolescence.

Relationship between tobacco smoking curiosity and levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescence. BACKGROUND: Low physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and tobacco use are three behavioral risk factors linked to poor long-term health outcomes, and they tend to cluster together in individuals. Expressing any curiosity about smoking predicts future risk of tobacco use among adolescents who have never smoked. However, little research has explored the extent to which low PA levels or SB may predict risk of future tobacco use, assessed by the expression of curiosity about smoking, among adolescents who have never smoked. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between curiosity about smoking (and hence risk of future tobacco use) and levels of PA or SB among never users. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 9th grade students (N = 2,380, mean age = 14.55 years [SD = 0.43], 53.2% female, 47.4% Hispanic or Latino) students participating in a multi-wave cohort study completed in-classroom self-report measures assessing PA, SB, and cigarette curiosity. RESULTS: After controlling for age, ethnicity, gender, depressive symptoms, and anhedonia, both number of days of any PA (b = −0.10, p = 0.01) and days of moderate to vigorous PA (b = −0.07, p = 0.03) were negatively associated with smoking curiosity. However, SB was not related to cigarette smoking curiosity (p’s>0.10). CONCLUSIONS: This study helps to identify adolescents potentially at-risk for future tobacco use and other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e., low PA levels). These results provide insight for tailoring future PA and tobacco use prevention programs in youth. Follow-up studies with this cohort will provide further information regarding the utility of using these questionnaires for early identification of at-risk youth. Carlo Mazzaferro Sarah Linke, PhD David Stong, PhD Genevieve Dunton, PhD Jimi Huh, PhD Adam Leventhal, PhD Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, With grant support from National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA033296A1) and Tobacco Related Disease Research Program (21XT-0076)

Poetry

"Poetry." Anthropology Now, 7(1), pp. 129–130 Additional informationNotes on contributorsHoward F. SteinHoward F. Stein is professor emeritus, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. He is currently group facilitator of the American Indian Diabetes Prevention Center, Oklahoma City. An applied, medical, psychoanalytic and organizational anthropologist, he is author of 27 books.

Grassroots global health: An Ethiopian experience

I.L. Kraft, J.A. Bohn, B.C. Chou, J.C. Estrada, K.A. Hilton, D.A. Record, D.A. Miller, J.A. Robison, S. Getachew, A. Addissie; University of Utah, Park City, UT/US, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT/US, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA/US, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT/US, Addis Ababa University, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, ET, Addis Ababa University, School of Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Addis Ababa, ET

Combined angiotensin receptor blockade and neprilysin inhibition attenuates angiotensin-II mediated renal cellular collagen synthesis

a Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia b Department of Cardiology B, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, 0407 Oslo, Norway c Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway d Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC 3068 Australia e Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., Development Franchise — Critical Care, East Hanover, USA f Novartis Pharma DS&E and Oncology, Drug Safety and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland

Mortality Prediction of MGAP Scoring System (type of injury, GCS, age, and systolic blood pressure) in Trauma Patients

1 Assistant professor, General surgery Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences 2 General Surgeon, General surgery Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences 3 Assistant professor, General surgery Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences 4 Assistant professor, Biostatistics Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences 5 Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, Medical Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, postal code 4163545851, Rasht, Iran Corresponding Author: Z Mohtasham-Amiri, MD, MPH; Associate Professor in Preventive and Social Medicine; Fellowship in Geriatrics from Sydney University; Member of Guilan Road Trauma Research Center; Medical Faculty of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht/ Iran. Tel: +98 131 6690006, Fax: +98 131 7753836. Mobile: +98 9111329799. Address: postal code 4163545851 Rasht, Iran. E-mail: mohtashamaz@yahoo.com; mohtasham@gums.ac.ir

Ricardo Bruno: history, social processes and health practices.

This essay has the objective of revisiting the intellectual output of Ricardo Bruno Mendes-Gonçalves (1946-1996), Professor of the Department of Preventive Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo and one of the theoreticians who participated in the construction of the field of Brazilian Collective Health during the years 1970-1990. On the basis of brief biographical and bibliographical information, as well as relevant aspects regarding the historical context in which his output is located, I examine the principal works of the author, their effects on the lines of investigation of investigation of his students and his legacy of contributions and challenges for Collective Health. I highlight the genesis and development of his Theory of the Health Work Process and its impact on the understanding and empirical investigation of the socio-historical dimensions of health practices and on the reconstruction of knowledge and technologies in the context of the Brazilian Health Sector Reform. In particular, I highlight his concern with the ethical perspective of academic praxis and in this sense, with hope as a human value which is historically objectified and intersubjectively constructed.

일개 치위생과 대학생의 인터넷 중독과 건강 관련성

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and health in dental hygiene students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 216 dental hygiene students in Daegu from June 9 to 13, 2014. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA using SAS 9.2 program. The instruments included Korean internet addiction scale(K scale) and Korean version of the general health questionnaire. General characteristics consisted of grade, religion, residential types, economic condition, place of internet use, duration, purpose, and time of use. Physical characteristics consisted of subjective physical condition, smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise above twice per week, musculoskeletal disease, and location of physical symptoms. Psychiatric scale and 6 questions of physical characteristics were consulted by the statistician of preventive medicine department. Results: Internet users over 4 hours manifested the poor mental health, while those who uses internet under 2 hours showed good mental health(F = 1.41, p < 0.01). The students having good physical condition showed better mental health than those with poor physical condition(t = -2.81, p < 0.01). The students exercising at least twice a week showed better mental health than those who do not exercise(t = -3.10, p < 0.01). Those who having musculoskeletal symptoms showed higher index of internet addiction score than those who do not(t = 4.21, p < 0.01). Those who have no musculoskeletal symptoms tended to have better mental health than those who have musculoskeletal symptoms(t = 2.28, p < 0.05). The variables correlated to mental health were internet addiction, subjective physical condition, and exercise at least twice a week. The severity level of internet addiction leads to poor mental health(r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Internet addiction is closely related to mental health. So the students must know the danger of internet addiction. Proper health education is necessary for the prevention of addiction symptoms.

Continuing professional development: a burden lacking educational outcomes or a marker of professionalism?

Medical EducationVolume 49, Issue 3 p. 240-242 Commentary Continuing professional development: a burden lacking educational outcomes or a marker of professionalism? Joseph E Ibrahim, Corresponding Author Joseph E Ibrahim Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaCorrespondence: Joseph E Ibrahim, Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University and Ballarat Health Service. 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, Melbourne, Victoria 3006, Australia. Tel: 00 61 3 9684 4364; E-mail: joseph.ibrahim@monash.eduSearch for more papers by this author Joseph E Ibrahim, Corresponding Author Joseph E Ibrahim Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaCorrespondence: Joseph E Ibrahim, Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University and Ballarat Health Service. 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, Melbourne, Victoria 3006, Australia. Tel: 00 61 3 9684 4364; E-mail: joseph.ibrahim@monash.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 February 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12654Citations: 5Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume49, Issue3March 2015Pages 240-242 RelatedInformation

Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Unvaccinated Rabies Occupational Risk Groups in Niger State, Nigeria

Diagnostics and Extension Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria. 2 Department of Vet, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Department of Vet, Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Department of Research and Innovations, National Universities Commission, Abuja, Nigeria.

A 7-year study of the regional distribution of differences in scaling experience rate among Koreans

Young-Eun Jang, Min-Young Lee, Su-kyung Park, Yeun-Ju Kim, Ga-Yeung Lee, Chun-Bae Kim, Nam-Hee Kim Graduate School, Department of Dental Hygiene, Yonsei University, Graduate School, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Graduate School, Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Department of Dental Hygiene, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea

Revision process of and expert committee composition for Korean national cancer screening guideline

Yeol Kim, MD · Won-Chul Lee, MD · Soo Young Kim, MD · Hong Gwan Seo, MD · Dukhyoung Lee, MD National Cancer Control Institute, Center for Cancer Detection & Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang; Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Seasonal variation and trend of chicken pox in the southern region of Saudi Arabia (2007–2012)

Chicken pox is a contagious disease caused by varicella zoster virus. Children are most susceptible to infection. In 1998, the WHO recommended that routine childhood varicella vaccination be considered in countries where the disease is a relatively important public health concern. There are few data on the trends of chicken pox. We aimed to evaluate the trend of chicken pox in Saudi Arabia (KSA) during the period 2007-2012. Data were collected by retrospective review of the existing anonymous surveillance records and book registries of chicken pox cases at the preventive medicine department of Armed Forces Hospital of the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia from 2007 to 2012. The collected data included the number, age, and sex of registered cases. A seasonal pattern was clearly demonstrated, with peak in March and April. There was also a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2012. Most cases occurred in the age group 4-15 years. The number of infected male patients was a little higher compared with female patients. These results indicate success in controlling the disease in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, which may be attributed to the implementation of public health interventions targeted at reducing infectious diseases (such as the introduction of varicella zoster vaccine in 2008). We recommend that a future study be conducted on the severity of chicken pox infection in adults (hospitalization, complications, and death) and a national survey among adults for the seroprevalence of markers of infection with varicella zoster.

Anthony John (Tony) McMichael

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Commentary on “The association between physical activity and renal cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.” Behrens G, Leitzmann MF, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany.: Br J Cancer 2013; 108(4):798–811. [Epub 2013 Feb 14]. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.37.

BackgroundPhysical activity may decrease renal cancer risk by reducing obesity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and lipid peroxidation. Despite plausible biologic mechanisms linking increased physical activity to decreased risk for renal cancer, few epidemiologic studies have been able to report a clear inverse association between physical activity and renal cancer, and no meta-analysis is available on the topic. MethodsWe searched the literature using PubMed and Web of Knowledge to identify published non-ecologic epidemiologic studies quantifying the relationship between physical activity and renal cancer risk in individuals without a cancer history. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, including information from 19 studies based on a total of 2 327 322 subjects and 10 756 cases. The methodologic quality of the studies was examined using a comprehensive scoring system. ResultsComparing high vs low levels of physical activity, we observed an inverse association between physical activity and renal cancer risk (summary relative risk (RR) from random-effects meta-analysis=0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.79-0.97). Summarising risk estimates from high-quality studies strengthened the inverse association between physical activity and renal cancer risk (RR=0.78; 95% CI=0.66-0.92). Effect modification by adiposity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, smoking, gender, or geographic region was not observed. ConclusionOur comprehensive meta-analysis provides strong support for an inverse relation of physical activity to renal cancer risk. Future high-quality studies are required to discern which specific types, intensities, frequencies, and durations of physical activity are needed for renal cancer risk reduction.

The Affordable Care Act and Low-Income People Living With HIV: Looking Forward in 2014 and Beyond

Winston Abara, MD, PhD, is a Health Policy Fellow, Satcher Health Leadership Institute, and Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Harry J. Heiman, MD, MPH, is the Director, Division of Health Policy, Satcher Health Leadership Institute, and an Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal Digest

Journal Digest