Department Of Physics Research Articles

Derivation of Regression Coefficients and Conversion Factors for 1-Minute Rain Rate Statistics in A Tropical Environment

An important characteristic of rainfall levels at a particular place is the statistical distribution of rainfall rate. In this paper, 1-minute, 5-minute and 30-minute integration time rainfall data were obtained from three different weather stations in Physics Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, North Central Nigeria. The aim is to derive regression coefficients and conversion factors for predicting rainfall rate of 1-minute integration time from rainfall rates of other integration times. This was achieved by employing Segal, Flavin and Watson rain rate models. The results obtained revealed that there is a power law relationship between 1-minuterain rate (R1) and the equiprobable 5-minute rain rate (R5); and between 1-minute rain rate (R1) and the equiprobable 30-minute rain rate (R30). Also,it was observed that the values of regression coefficients a and b, and conversion factors Ce and CR derived in Minna were different from values derived at other locations in and outside Nigeria when comparisons were made. These discrepancies are attributed to the differences in climatic conditions between the regions among other factors. Therefore, these findings have further corroborated claims by earlier researchers that different regression coefficients and conversion factors are needed for different locations for 1-minute rain rate conversion.

Monitoring of tritium in surface waters in PC, Nuclear facilities of Serbia

The isotope of hydrogen, tritium, is a radioactive isotope, in most cases it is found bonded to molecules that replace hydrogen. It can be found in nature as a product interactions of cosmic radiation with air or atmospheric molecules nitrogen, such tritium is natural. There is also anthropogenic tritium that contributes increased levels of natural tritium. Artificially produced tritium is produced in testing of nuclear weapons, in the operation of nuclear power plants and processing nuclear fuel. This paper will describe the methods of tritium detection liquid scintillation detector Quantulus 1220 by direct method in duration of 300 minutes at the Department of Nuclear Physics. Surface water samples with tritium was taken from the location of PC Nuclear facilities of Serbia from the Mlaka stream. The monitoring recorded an increase in tritium content at two locations, which indicates failures of nuclear waste storage.

British Nuclear Medicine Society Clinical Guidelines for Gastric empty.

aDepartment of Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Consultant Physician in Nuclear Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham bHead of Nuclear Medicine Physics, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Staffordshire cMedical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK Received 14 December 2022 Accepted 28 March 2023. Correspondence to Alp Notghi, Department of Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Consultant Physician in Nuclear Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK, E-mail: [email protected]

Corrigendum] Evaluations of Paranasal Sinus Disease Using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Taif City, Saudi Arabia

Corrigendum for 'Evaluations of Paranasal Sinus Disease Using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Taif City, Saudi Arabia' by: Alotaibi O, Osman H, Hadi Y, Alzamil Y, Alyahyawi A, Al-Enezi MS, Alafer F, Abanomy A, Khandaker MU, Almeshari M. International Journal of Biomedicine 12(4): 575-579. DOI: 10.21103/Article12(4)_OA9 Following the publication of this article, the authors have realized that errors were made with the description of the listed affiliation addresses. Therefore, the author affiliations and addresses, in this paper should have appeared as follows: Osama Alotaibi1,2, Hamid Osman3, Yasser Hadi 4, Yasser Alzamil5, Amjad Alyahyawi5,6, Mamdouh S. Al-Enezi5, Feras Alafer7, Ahmad Abanomy8, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker9,10, and Meshari Almeshari5; 1Department of Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital-Taif, Taif, Saudi Arabia 3Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 2425, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia 4Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia 5Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. 6Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK 7Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia 8Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia 9Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia 10Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil, International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused.

ICSSD 2022 Preface

The 6th International Conference on Science and Sustainable Development (ICSSD 2022) was held between 12th and 14th October, 2022 with the theme “Sustainable Development Goal: Science and Technology as the Key Player”. The meeting was an hybrid (onsite and online) event which enabled those been held by travel restrictions to join virtually via ZOOM while those that could travel were able to participate physically. The ICSSD is an annual meeting since 2017 which was inaugurated in order to run in line with the SDG goals. The Conference was organized by the Department of Physics in conjunction with the Department of Estate Management, Covenant University. The conference was held (onsite) at the Conference Room of the College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.Prof. Ojo Kolawole ADEKUNLE, Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Prof. Fabian Ifeanyichukwu EZEMA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka; and Prof. K. Srinivas REDDY, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inidan Istitute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India were the keynote speakers for Day 1, Day 2 and Day 3 of the event. The Vice-Chancellor, Covenant University, Prof. Abiodun Humphrey ADEBAYO and the Dean, College of Science and Technology, Prof. Timothy Ashibel ANAKE delivered insightful lectures on the impact of Science and Technology in 21st century during the opening ceremony. The Head, Department of Physics, Covenant University, Prof. Mojisola Rachael USIKALU, and the Head, Department of Estate Management, Covenant University, Prof. Mayowa Olusola AJIBOLA gave their welcome addresses on Day 1 and Day 2 of the event, respectively. The goodwill message was also delivered by the Chair ICSSD 2022, Dr. Maxwell OMEJE. There were plenary sessions on Day 2 and Day 3, followed by discussion and interactions by speakers and attendees. There were two parallel technical sessions on Day 1 afternoon, Day 2 morning and Day 2 afternoon each, with the closing ceremony on Day 3.The conference consisted of 5 expanded sub-themes which tackled essential topics on Energy, Engineering, Applied Sciences, Environmental Issues and Built Environments. This conference brought together leaders from industry and academia to exchange and share their experiences, present research results, explore collaborations and to spark new ideas with the aim of developing new projects and exploiting new technology. Some of the papers presented at ICSSD 2022 are published in this volume which are captured under Sustainable and Health Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Earth Sciences and Sustainable Energy.List of Organizing Committees, Editorial, Logistics, Exhibition/Support, Registration, Welfare, Theophilus Aanuoluwa ADAGUNODO, Ph.D is available in this pdf.

METHODOLOGY OF SELECTING AND SOLVING DIFFERENT TYPES OF NON-STANDARD PROBLEMS RELATED TO "KINEMATICS" OF PHYSICS

The method of choosing and solving various types of non-standard problems related to the "Kinematics" department of physics in general education schools is described

Microcell concentrating photovoltaics for space

Christian Ruud received his PhD in materials science and engineering at Penn State University under the guidance of Dr. Chris Giebink. His doctoral research was funded by a NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Opportunities award and covered microcell concentrating photovoltaics for space and graded-index antireflection coatings. He also holds a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. Recently, Christian began a new role as a research engineer at PPG in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Jeffrey Gordon is professor emeritus at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev's Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics in Israel, where he has been a faculty member for 45 years. He played a pivotal role in stewarding it to an internationally recognized center of research and graduate education. His research advances have led to over 250 publications in leading scientific journals and cover the fields of nanomaterial synthesis, solar energy conversion, advanced optical design, finite-time thermodynamics, biomedical science, and algae biotechnology, with several innovations having been translated into impactful commercial realities. Chris Giebink has been a professor of electrical engineering at Penn State University for 10 years and is presently moving to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan. His research on optoelectronic and photonic devices has led to more than 80 publications and 13 patents. He received his PhD in electrical engineering from Princeton University and holds undergraduate degrees in physics and engineering science from Trinity University. Christian Ruud received his PhD in materials science and engineering at Penn State University under the guidance of Dr. Chris Giebink. His doctoral research was funded by a NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Opportunities award and covered microcell concentrating photovoltaics for space and graded-index antireflection coatings. He also holds a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. Recently, Christian began a new role as a research engineer at PPG in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Jeffrey Gordon is professor emeritus at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev's Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics in Israel, where he has been a faculty member for 45 years. He played a pivotal role in stewarding it to an internationally recognized center of research and graduate education. His research advances have led to over 250 publications in leading scientific journals and cover the fields of nanomaterial synthesis, solar energy conversion, advanced optical design, finite-time thermodynamics, biomedical science, and algae biotechnology, with several innovations having been translated into impactful commercial realities. Chris Giebink has been a professor of electrical engineering at Penn State University for 10 years and is presently moving to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan. His research on optoelectronic and photonic devices has led to more than 80 publications and 13 patents. He received his PhD in electrical engineering from Princeton University and holds undergraduate degrees in physics and engineering science from Trinity University.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 23• Number of submissions sent for review: 15• Number of submissions accepted: 14• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 60.9• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 8• Contact person for queries: Name: Dr. Theophilus Aanuoluwa ADAGUNODO Email: theophilus.adagunodo@covenantuniversity.edu.ng Affiliation: Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria

Preface

The 2023 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Clean Energy (ICAMCE 2023), supported by Jiangsu University School of Materials Science & Engineering, is to publish the latest results of research and development on the material and energy science and technology. The seminar has been held since 2020, therefore in 2023 is its fourth session.ICAMCE 2023 took place in Hangzhou, China during 17th to 19th February 2023 (virtual form) with about 60 attendees. The main objective of the Conference is to provide an international cooperation and exchange platform for experts and scholars in the field to deliberate latest developments and future directions in Advanced Materials and Clean Energy, and an opportunity for enterprise developers to discuss existing problems and challenges, and explore frontier science and technology.We have invited several resources persons from different parts of China and other about 10 countries to deliver expertise lectures by imparting the latest findings from their respective research domains. Hui Pan is a professor from the Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering and Department of Physics and Chemistry in the Faculty of Science and Technology at the University of Macau, China. In his research, a combined computational and experimental method is used to design and fabricate novel nanomaterials for applications in green energy and environments (such as electro-/photo-catalysis, water splitting, CO2/N2 reduction, and fuel cells), electronic/quantum devices, and spintronics. He has published more than 230 papers in international peer-reviewed journals, such as Phys. Rev. Lett., Adv. Energy Mater., and Chem. Mater.. It was a great opportunity for the students, researchers and engineers to interact with the experts and specialists to get their advice or suggestions.The proceedings of the present Conference covers the following topics: New Semiconductor Materials, Optoelectronic Materials, Composite Materials for Wind Power Generation, Welding and Connection, Alternative Energy Technologies, Clean Energy Systems and Technologies, Thermodynamics and Energy Optimization, etc.. Arigorous peer review process was conducted to check the quality, originality, innovation point of the papers accepted in this proceedings which will be published in the format of printed books.We would like to express our sincere thanks to all the authors for their research contributions, and also to the organizers of the Conference for their valuable spadework. Also, our heartfelt thanks and appreciation to the Editors and Managers, Journal of Physics: Conference Series of IOP Publishing Ltd. for their help and kind cooperation during the preparation of the proceedings.We hope you will benefit from all the manuscripts of the proceedings and learn new and novel ideas!The Committee of ICAMCE 2023List of Committee Member is available in this Pdf.

Conference on “Emergent Phenomena in Quantum Materials (E-QMAT 2022)”

Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India October 12-14, 2022This conference was organized as part of celebrations to commemorate 175 years of Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (erstwhile University of Roorkee), India. The conference covered various aspects of the recently observed emergent phenomena in the area of quantum materials. These materials pose the most exciting and challenging research problems in condensed matter physics. The scope of quantum materials is very broad. Focus of the conference was on the most recent challenges in research areas like quantum topology, quantum magnetism, low-dimensional electronic systems, multiferroic materials, superconductivity, quantum phenomena at the artificial interfaces and in the engineered materials etc. These materials show unusual novel properties with potential application for development of future electronic, spintronic and storage devices with better capabilities. This conference provided a common platform for the exchange of ideas and to identify cutting edge problems in the area.We had the honour and privilege of having Nobel laureate Professor Anthony J. Leggett giving a special evening lecture on quantum liquids in our conference. During the three days of the conference, we had many distinguished condensed matter physicists such as Prof. T. V. Ramakrishnan, Prof. Elbio Dagotto, Prof. D. D. Sarma, Prof. G. Baskaran, Prof. E. V. Sampathkumaran and Prof. R. Ramesh giving lectures on various emergent phenomena recently discovered in quantum materials. Many young researcher working in India and abroad also participated in the conference and exchanged their ideas with experts in the field. We also had poster sessions and oral presentations on all three days where many PhD students and postdocs participated. Some papers presented in the conference are being published after peer review process in this volume of J. Phys. : Conf. Series (IOP publishing).Finally, we would like to thank wholeheartedly the speakers, participants, peer reviewers, student volunteers, administration and staff members of our institute (IIT Roorkee) and acknowledge our sponsors namely, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS), India, Rohde & Schwarz India Pvt. Ltd, Thermo Fisher Scientific India Private Limited, Oxford Instruments India Private Limited and I. R. Technology Services Private Limited for their generous and continuous support to us to be able to make this event a success.Tulika Maitra and Vivek K MalikList of Committees of the conference is available in this pdf.

Sounding Acoustic Precision: Tuning Forks and Cast Steel’s Nineteenth-Century Euro-American Networks

A great variety of tuning forks survive in collections around the world, from departments of physics, phonetics, and psychology to medical settings, conservatories, and museum collections. Their ubiquity speaks to their iconic status, while their diversity points to the multifaceted cultures of materiality that shaped and formed around these objects. This essay traces the complex supply chains of nineteenth-century tuning forks, from the gathering and processing of iron ore and crucible steel, to their sites of manufacture, to their various uses. By probing further into these nodes of supply and use, the essay uncovers a chain of values and contingencies that reveal the interdependencies between extracting, commercial, scientific, and artistic practices of the past.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 31• Number of submissions sent for review: 26• Number of submissions accepted: 21• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 67.7• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 24• Contact person for queries: Name: Tulika Maitra Email: tulika.maitra@ph.iitr.ac.in Affiliation: Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India

THE USE OF INTERACTIVE METHODS IN THE TEACHING OF THE "FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND THERMODYNAMICS" DEPARTMENT IN ACADEMIC LYCEUMS

The article talks about how many hours are allocated to the department of molecular physics and thermodynamics in the teaching program of physics in academic lyceums, and the use of interactive methods in teaching this department. In addition, the ways of using one of the interactive methods "CASE-STADY" method were considered in detail.

Department of Solid State Physics of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University

Department of Solid State Physics of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University

Guest Editorial: Polymer electrets and ferroelectrets

Guest Editorial: Polymer electrets and ferroelectrets

Corrigendum: Theoretical Models, Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Cyanine J-Aggregates: A Minireview.

The name of the second author needs to be corrected due to a typographical error in the original article. The author line and address shown below are correct. The changes do not affect the contents and conclusions of this review article. Corrected author line: Nitzan Dar*[a] and Rinat Ankri[a] [a] Dr. N. Dar, Dr. R. Ankri Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science Ariel University, Ariel 40700 (Israel)

Shielding Properties of Al- Cu- Pb Alloys by XCOM and Experimental Data

The current study, the efficiency of many binary and triple aluminum alloys was examined for the alloy’s samples consisting of (Al-Cu-Pb). These alloys were manufactured in the laboratories of the physics Department and the manufacture of melting furnaces as well as the design of casting molds, and then we used the gamma ray penetration technique to study the behavior of radiation attenuation by the manufactured alloys. The shielding properties of the prepared samples include mass attenuation coefficient ( ), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP), Which were calculated theoretically using XCOM software. Experimental measurements were made at 60Co (1173, 1332 keV) 137Cs (662 keV) using a Gama spectrometer, which it contains the NaI (Tl) detector. It found that there is a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical values.

Production and separation of positron emitters for hadron therapy at FRS-Cave M

The FRagment Separator FRS at GSI is a versatile spectrometer and separator for experiments with relativistic in-flight separated short-lived exotic beams. One branch of the FRS is connected to the target hall where the bio-medical cave (Cave M) is located. Recently a joint activity between the experimental groups of the FRS and the biophysics at the GSI and Department of physics at LMU was started to perform biomedical experiments relevant for hadron therapy with positron emitting carbon and oxygen beams. This paper presents the new ion-optical mode and commissioning results of the FRS-Cave M branch where positron emitting 15O-ions were provided to the medical cave for the first time. An overall conversion efficiency of 2.9±0.2×10−415O fragments per primary 16O ion accelerated in the synchrotron SIS18 was reached.

Évaluation prospective des dysthyroïdies radio-induites après irradiation mammaire et sus-claviculaire

PurposeThe thyroid is an endocrine gland playing a major role in metabolism and development by the secretion of T4 and T3 thyroid hormones. Due to its anatomical position, it is often included in the target volume for the irradiation of certain tumours and thus receives significant doses (10 to 80Gy). The treatment of breast cancer requires in most cases a breast irradiation associated or not with a lymph node irradiation. The aim of our study was to investigate prospectively the frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with breast cancer treated by radiation, with or without irradiation of the supra- and subclavicular lymph nodes. Material and methodsThis prospective multicentre study (institut Godinot, institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe and institut de cancérologie de Lorraine) concerned adult patients with non-metastatic breast carcinoma treated by adjuvant irradiation. They were included in a non-randomized way between February 2013 and June 2015 and divided into two groups according to treatment: (i) breast radiotherapy associated with irradiation of the supra- and subclavicular lymph nodes (group 1), or (ii) breast irradiation alone (group 2). The dose – volume histogram of the thyroid was systematically edited by the physics department. Each patient had a consultation with an endocrinologist at the beginning of the treatment and was monitored by blood analyses including TSH, T4L, antithyroglobulin and antiperoxidase antibodies every 6 months until the 60th month after the end of radiotherapy. Data were described by numbers and percentages for qualitative variables; by means, medians, standard deviation and ranges for quantitative variables. Statistical associations were tested by Chi2, Fisher's, Student's, or analysis of variance tests depending on the conditions of application. Survival analyses were performed by log rank tests and Cox models. ResultsThis study initially included 500 patients, 245 in group 1 and 252 in group 2 (three patients were later excluded for false inclusion). Thyroid abnormalities occurred in 76 patients, representing an incidence of 15.3%. The mean time of the first occurrence of thyroid disorders was 24.3 months. It was more frequent in group 1 with a prevalence of 19.2% against 11.5% in group 2 (P=0.01745). A maximal radiation dose delivered to the thyroid gland greater than 20Gy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.82; P=0.018) or 30Gy (OR: 1.89; P=0.013) was significantly associated with a higher incidence of thyroid disorders, as was a mean dose greater than 30Gy (OR: 5.69; P=0.049). A percentage of thyroid volume receiving 30Gy (V30) greater than 50% (P=0.006) or greater than 62.5% (P=0.021) was significantly associated with an increased incidence of thyroid disorder and more precisely, hypothyroidism (P=0.0007). In multivariate analysis, no factor associated with the occurrence of thyroid disorder was identified. However, in the subgroup analysis concerning group 1 (receiving supraclavicular irradiation), a maximal radiation dose greater than 30Gy appeared to be a risk factor for the occurrence of thyroid disorders (P=0.040). ConclusionThyroid disorder, and in particular hypothyroidism, may be a late side effect of locoregional breast radiotherapy. Patients receiving this treatment should have a biological monitoring of thyroid function.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Easychair and Morressier• Number of submissions received: 100• Number of submissions sent for review: 86• Number of submissions accepted: 55• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 55• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 50• Contact person for queries: Name: Nuryani Nuryani Email: nuryani@mipa.uns.ac.id Affiliation: Universitas Sebelas Maret - Department of Physics