Department Of Organic Chemistry Research Articles

Influence of new dimethylaminoethanol derivatives, butanoic and trans-butenedioic acids, on the tolerability of hypoxia, hyperthermia, and hypothermia

BACKGROUND: The need to increase the tolerance of various extreme effects is associated not only with the expansion of human professional activity regions but also with the need to assist victims of natural and man-made disasters. The use of pharmacological agents for individual adverse effects is a well-known method; however, considering the combined effects of several physical or chemical factors, only a few references are found in the literature.
 AIM: This preclinical study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a new derivative of aminoethanol and intermediates of the Krebs cycle in relation to the isolated and combined effects of hypoxia and temperature (hyperthermia and hypothermia).
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fumaric salt of the amber ether of diethylaminoethanol was synthesized at St. Petersburg State University of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry (Head Professor I.P. Yakovlev). The study was conducted on small laboratory animals. Resistance to hypoxia was assessed by the dynamics of the altitude threshold of animals, tolerance to hyperthermia by survival in a thermal chamber at 40°C, and tolerance to hypothermia by the time of maximum swimming in water at 10–12°C. Under combined exposure, the condition of the animals was assessed by the dynamics of physical performance, hypoxia was induced by preliminary administration of the methemoglobin former sodium nitrite at a dose of 50 mg/kg, and thermal exposure was induced by placing the animal in water at 40°C (hyperthermia) or 9–11°C (hypothermia).
 RESULTS: After a single intragastric administration in a wide range of doses, the test compound stimulated the physical performance of animals and exhibited a protective effect under the isolated effects of hypobaric hypoxia, hyperthermia, and hypothermia. With combined exposure to hemic hypoxia and hyperthermia, the compound was effective at a dose of 250 mg/kg. With combined exposure to hemic hypoxia and hypothermia, efficiency was also noted at lower doses (25 and 50 mg/kg).
 CONCLUSION: Fumaric salt of dimethylaminoethanol amber ether, a new derivative of dimethylaminoethanol, butenedioic, and trans-butenedioic acids, is promising for further study as a means of increasing the body’s resistance to extreme influences.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ УФ-СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИИ В АНАЛИЗЕ И СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ СУБСТАНЦИИ 2-БЕНЗОИЛАМИНО-N-[4-(4,6-ДИМЕТИЛПИРИМИДИН-2-ИЛСУЛЬФАМОИЛ)-ФЕНИЛ]-БЕНЗАМИДА

Borderline neuropsychiatric disorders firmly hold a leading position in a large group of mental illnesses, among which neuroses occupy a significant place. The increasing number of patients with diseases associated with neuropsychiatric disorders makes the search and introduction of highly effective anxiolytics and antidepressants into medical practice increasingly important. In parallel with the search for medicinal substances with such pharmacological properties, it is necessary to resolve issues of standardization and quality control. One of these drugs may be a new synthetic derivative of ortho-benzoylaminobenzoic acid, which has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. This compound was synthesized at the department of organic chemistry of the Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute under the leadership of professor Kodonidi I.P. Several biologically active compounds were synthesized - derivatives of o-benzoylaminobenzoic acid, one of which is 2-benzoylamino-N-[4-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylsulfamoyl)-phenyl]-benzamide (laboratory code - PMFI-195) . Preliminary pharmacological studies of PMFI-195, carried out on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Stavropol State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia and the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the North Caucasus Federal University, under the leadership of professor Manvelyan E.A., showed the promise of developing a drug based on the substance PMFI-195 for the treatment of such diseases such as depression, neuroses, psychopathy, neurosis-like and psycho-like states. Quality control and development of modern methods of pharmaceutical analysis is one of the basic stages of introducing pharmaceutical substances into production. This requires an in-depth study of physicochemical characteristics, as well as the selection and justification of methods of analysis and quality control of pharmaceuticals. substances. The results of the developed method for the qualitative determination by UV spectrophotometric method of a new quinosalinone derivative 2-benzoylamino-N-[4-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylsulfamoyl)-phenyl]-benzamide, which has anxiolytic and antidepressant activity, are presented.

Pharmacokinetics of a New Dimethylamineethanol Derivative Administered Orally to Laboratory Animals

A new derivative of dimethylaminoethanol, butanedioic and trans-butenedioic acids (laboratory code ADK-17) was synthesized at the Organic Chemistry Department of the Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (SPSPU). This promising nootropic and anti-asthmatic agent is planned for use in an oral dosage form. The aim was to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of the synthesized compound and to determine its possible biotransformation pathways. Rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed were used as a test system in the preclinical study of the compound pharmacokinetics. In accordance with the designed schedule, blood was taken from the marginal vein of the ear, and urine samples were taken. Quantitative determination in biological media was carried out using an Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatograph with a Q-Exactive mass-selective detector with electrospray ionization in accordance with OFS 1.2.1.100015 (Chromatography) of the State Pharmacopoeia by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). To study the pharmacokinetics of the ADK-17 preparation, a measurement procedure was developed with a detection limit in biological media ranging from 10-6 to 10-3 mg/ml. The determined harmacokinetic parameters show that the absorption of ADK-17 into the systemic circulation from the gastrointestinal tract occurs at an average rate, with its maximum concentration in blood plasma during the oral route of administration being observed between 60–90 min. The elimination half-life from the systemic circulation comprises 4.3 h. Urinary excretion in the first 4 h proceeds at a high rate; however, the compound is detected in the urine within 3 days and in the blood within 2 days from the moment of administration.

End-to-end Standardization of Original Medicines when Determining Related Impurities

Introduction. For tablets “Malоben, 60 mg” and “Etmaben, 300 mg”, permission was received to conduct phase I clinical trials, so they required a full cycle of research and standardization.Aim. Development of a unified analytical procedure for the determination of related impurities in samples (RS, API, FPP) of Malоben and Ethmaben.Materials and methods. RSs were obtained at the Department of Organic Chemistry of the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University; the synthesis of APIs and the production of FPP were carried out on an industrial scale in pharmaceutical production. The studies were carried out on a Flexar liquid chromatograph (PerkinElmer, USA), equipped with a pump (formation of a gradient on the low-pressure side), an autosampler, a column thermostat, a UV detector and a chromatographic column Intersil® ODS-3V, 5 µm, 100 Å, 250 × 4, 6 (Phenomenex, Japan).Results and discussion. In the research, uniform optimal chromatographic conditions were selected using the HPLC method to determine the RP in RS, API and FPP of Maloben and Ethmaben. Column C18 250×4.6 mm, mobile phase 0.1% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (gradient elution), flow rate 1 ml/min, sample volume 10 µl, UV detector (270 nm). They were validated in terms of specificity, linearity, detection limit, precision, robustness, and solution stability. Analytical concentration levels were selected for the formation of draft regulatory documents. Using the developed analytical technique, samples of RS, API and tablets of malоben and ethmaben were analyzed.Conclusion. A full cycle of research was carried out, an analytical methodology was developed and related impurities were identified in RS, API and FPP of Maloben and Ethmaben.  

Safety Profile of a New Dimethylaminoethanol Derivative by Oral Administration to Laboratory Animals

A new derivative of dimethylaminoethanol, butanedioic and trans-butenedioic acids (laboratory code ADK-17) was synthesized at the Department of Organic Chemistry (Professor I.P. Yakovlev is the Head of the Department) of St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU). This is a promising compound planned for use as an oral dosage form. In this work, we aim to evaluate manifestations of the general and specific toxicity of the new drug. Laboratory animals (white mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs) were used as test systems for the preclinical safety study of the new compound. Manifestations of general toxicity (acute and chronic), local irritant action, allergenic properties, immunotoxic action were studied. The reproductive toxicity of the ADK-17 drug when administered intragastrically was studied. The studied drug was found to exhibit low toxicity, cause no changes in the biochemical and morphological parameters of rats and rabbits under the conditions of course use, and have no negative effects on internal organs. When administered intragastrically in maximum doses, the drug causes no irritating effects. The use of the drug did not lead to the development of a local allergic reaction of an immediate type. Carrying out sensitization in the DTH reaction showed the absence of a sensitizing effect. The study of the immunotoxic effect of the ADK-17 drug showed that its prolonged intragastric administration for 30 days at doses of 93 and 930 mg/kg did not lead to a violation of the humoral immune response and a decrease in antibody production. Setting a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction also confirms that the drug does not affect the development of cellular immunity. The conducted experimental studies of the drug’s reproductive toxicity in rats showed that its repeated intragastric administration at doses of 50 and 250 mg/kg to pregnant females did not have a negative effect on the reproductive system of laboratory animals, embryo- and fetotoxic, as well as teratogenic effects, having no effect on the antenatal and postnatal development of offspring.

Research Contributions of Present Faculty Members at University of Madras

This paper explores the research contributions of present faculty members of University of Madras. The present faculty member’s information was obtained from the University of Madras website, while publication information was obtained from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. This study will also examine the faculty members by department, publications, top 10 faculty members, and projects. It has been discovered that the University of Madras has 18 Schools, 1 department, and 253 faculty members presently working, as well as 2707 research publications published on the Web of Science and 4231 research papers published in the Scopus database. A total of 425 research projects were received by the present faculty members of Madras University. It is also revealed that the Department of Nuclear Physics has contributed the most publications (394 (14.55%) from Web of Science, while the Department of Organic Chemistry has contributed 1112 (26.28%) from Scopus, and that the Department of Inorganic Chemistry has received 29 (6.82%) funding projects.

Cluster Preface: Chemical Synthesis and Catalysis in India

Debabrata Maiti (left) received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 2008 under the supervision of Prof. Kenneth D. Karlin. After postdoctoral studies at MIT with Prof. Stephen L. Buchwald, he joined the Department of Chemistry at IIT Bombay in 2011. His research interests are focused on the development of new and sustainable synthetic and catalytic methodologies. He is currently an Associate Editor of the ­Journal of Organic Chemistry. Santanu Mukherjee (right) obtained his Ph.D. in 2006, working under the supervision of Prof. Albrecht Berkessel at the Universität zu Köln, Germany. He subsequently worked as a postdoctoral fellow with Prof. Benjamin List at the Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, and with Prof. E. J. Corey at Harvard University. In 2010, he joined the Department of Organic Chemistry at IISc Bangalore. His research interests revolve around various aspects of asymmetric catalysis, with particular emphasis on organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrization and transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective allylic, allenylic and propargylic substitution reactions. He is an Associate Editor of Organic & ­Biomolecular Chemistry.

Использование физиологически активных веществ для увеличения ростовой активности сельскохозяйственных и декоративных растений

The effect of organic compounds synthesized at the Department of Organic Chemistry of Voronezh State University on the sowing qualities and growth performance of the deciduous shrub Rhododendron yellow (Rhododendron luteum Sweet) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was studied. The purpose of the work was to identify the effects of 6-hydroxy‑2,2,4-trimethyl‑1,2- dihydroquinoline and its derivatives on the growth activity of Rhododendron yellow and sugar beet. Treatment of uncoated sugar beet seeds with an aqueous solution of 6-hydroxy‑2,2,4- trimethyl‑1,2-dihydroquinoline increased the seed germination energy by 37–46%, the seed germination by 32–40%, average seedling length by 53–94%, and the weight of 100 seedlings by 69–125% compared to the control. Dihydroquinolines and, to a lesser extent, tetrahydroquinolines may be considered more effective substances in the early stages of development of Rhododendron luteum. The compound 6-hydroxy‑2,2,4-trimethyl‑1,2-dihydroquinoline had a positive effect on the growth activity of Rhododendron yellow and sugar beet. The sowing qualities and growth traits of the plants studied significantly improved under the effect of synthesized organic compounds.

The life path of A.M. Khaletsky

Many brilliant scientists, professors, whose life and fate were directly connected with the history of the university, worked at the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University. Our national pharmacy owes their talent and enthusiasm.
 Based on unpublished archival records, the article reconstructs the biography, professional, scientific and social activities of Abram Mikhailovich Khaletsky, a wellknown chemist, professor, Doctor of Chemistry, who made a great contribution to the development of Russian science, who for many years worked as the Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Leningrad Pharmaceutical Institution. A graduate of the Medical Department of Kazan University, a student of Academy A.E. Favorsky, he took an active part in the reformation of the educational process of the LCPI. It was A.M. Khaletsky who proposed a new form of appraisal of pharmacists at that time the defense of theses, the first of them were performed at the Department of Organic Chemistry. Among the scientific achievements made under the leadership of A.M. Khaletsky: studies of isomeric changes of keto-alcohol, technology for the production of standard galenical preparations, the method of isolation of -sitosterol, improvement of hormone technology and the search for new hormonal drugs, and many others. Actively promoted the integration of scientific developments in the pharmaceutical industry. Research by Professor A. M. Khaletsky undoubtedly enriched the theory and practice of organic and pharmaceutical chemistry, made the contribution to the science of the relationships between biological structure and activity, replenished the range of medicine with new drugs and methods of their analysis.
 The article provides information about the work of one of the oldest departments of the Leningrad Chemical and Pharmaceutical Institute - pharmaceutical chemistry during the leadership of A.M. Khaletsky (1950-x).

Design of Virtual Reality System for Organic Chemistry

Virtual reality (VR) is an advanced technology widely used in many fields. Education is essential for human resources development, and the use of technology in education can enhance teaching and learning methods. This study aims to present new methods and tools for visual and interactive education in organic chemistry. The experimental design and chemical equipment used in this research are based on the basic theory of organic chemistry, and the related materials are simulated as three-dimensional (3D) models to perform the experiments in a VR system. Chemical reactions are simulated by mixing the chemicals, and the students can observe the chemical reactions that occur. In addition, we measured the impact of using virtual organic chemistry experiments. The system was evaluated by students of the organic chemistry department, and the effectiveness of the experimental apparatus was evaluated in discussions and surveys. The results indicate that VR technologies may be considered suitable for adoption as an accessible educational tool, and that simulating laboratory circumstances through a VR system can improve students’ learning outcomes in experimental chemistry.

Development of the "Dissolution" Test Method for Tablets of Sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate with Sustained Release

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic diseases of this parenchymal organ among the adult population. The search and creation of supporting drugs is an urgent task of modern pharmacy. The malonic acid derivative, sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido) dibenzoate, synthesized by the employees of the Department of Organic Chemistry of the SPСPU, has antisteatous activity, is a potential agent for the treatment of liver diseases. Sustained release tablets were prepared based on sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate. An integral part of the pharmaceutical development of a medicinal product is the development of a method for conducting the Dissolution test and the selection of optimal conditions, which became the purpose of this study.Aim. To develop the "Dissolution" test method for the sustained-release tablets based on sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate.Materials and methods. The objects of research are the active pharmaceutical ingredient sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate, as well as sustained-release tablets based on this substance. Equilibrium biopharmaceutical solubility was determined by UV-spectrophotometry. To establish the conditions for the "Dissolution" test, an ERWEKA DT-620 dissolution tester (ERWEKA GmbH, Germany) was used.Results and discussion. The suitability of the UV-spectrophotometry method for the quantitative determination of sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido) dibenzoate in solutions was determined. The established high biopharmaceutical solubility of sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate in a buffer solution with a pH of 6,8, as well as in a 0,01 M solution of hydrochloric acid with a pH of 2,6, determined the choice of these media for the "Dissolution" test of the dosage form. The apparatus "Rotating basket" (rotation speed of 100 rpm in a dissolution medium with a volume of 1000 ml) was reasonably chosen for the test on the basis of the obtained linear dependence of the rate of release of the substance on time, as well as the best test results by the end of the experiment.Conclusion. A study of the biopharmaceutical properties of the original substance with antisteatous activity has been carried out. High biopharmaceutical solubility was established in media with pH 2,6 and pH 6,8. The conditions of the "Dissolution" test for sustained-release tablets based on the original sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate were experimentally substantiated.

In memory of Alexander Avtonomovich Novikov

Alexander Avtonomovich Novikov was born on August 12, 1954 in a family of chemists. His father, Avtonomiy Nikolaevich Novikov, Doctor of Science, headed the Department of Organic Chemistry at the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute for twenty years. His mother, Evgenia Sergeevna Novikova, also worked as an assistant professor at the same department.

[Corrigendum] Mechanistic investigations of antitumor activity of a Rhodamine B‑oleanolic acid derivative bioconjugate

Subsequently to the publication of the above paper, the authors have realized that they should have credited a Professor René Csuk [Martin‑Luther‑Universität Halle‑Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany] for the use of a compound that his group synthesized in the study. Therefore, the authors wish to include the following text in the Acknowledgements' section of the Declarations: 'The authors are grateful to Professor Rene Csuk, Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin‑Luther University Halle‑Wittenberg, for providing us with the rhodamine B‑conjugated oleanolic acid derivative (RhodOA)'. All the named authors agree to this Corrigendum, and apologize to Professor Csuk for the upset and inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in Oncology Reports 44: 1169‑1183, 2020; DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7666].

Cluster Preface: Radicals – by Young Chinese Organic Chemists

(left) received his B.S. degree from Xiamen University in 2003 under the supervision of Prof. Pei-Qiang Huang, and his Ph.D. degree from the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry in 2008 under the supervision of Prof. Guo-Qiang Lin. After postdoctoral research at ­Gakushuin University, Japan with Prof. Takahiko Akiyama, he moved to the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, working as a postdoctoral fellow with Prof. John R. Falck and Prof. Chuo Chen. He was appointed as a professor at Soochow University, China in December 2013. He is currently the Head of the Organic Chemistry Department at Soochow University. His current research interests include radical-mediated transformations, in particular radical ­rearrangements, and their applications in the construction of natural products and biologically active compounds. Xin-Yuan Liu (right) obtained his B.S. degree from Anhui Normal University (AHNU) in 2001. He continued his research studies at both the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), CAS and AHNU under the joint supervision of Prof. Dr. Shizheng Zhu and Prof. Dr. Shaowu Wang, obtaining his master’s degree in 2004. After a one-year stint in Prof. Gang Zhao’s laboratory at SIOC, he joined Prof. Dr. Chi-Ming Che’s group at The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and earned his Ph.D. degree in 2010. He subsequently undertook postdoctoral studies in Prof. Che’s group at HKU and in Prof. Carlos F. Barbas III’s group at The Scripps Research Institute. At the end of 2012, he began his independent academic career at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) and was promoted to a tenured Full Professor of SUSTech in 2018. His research interests are directed towards the design of novel chiral anionic ligands to solve radical-involved asymmetric reactions.

Stereochemistry – key role in the rearrangements of dibenzo-C8 and -C9 derivatives

This paper presents the pioneer research being initiated and conducted by the late Acad. C. D. Nenitzescu and Acad. E. Cioranescu in the Department of Organic Chemistry of the University POLITEHNICA Bucharest, and the Center of Organic Chemistry of the Romanian Academy,. A review of these works seems necessary in order to emphasize the importance of the described researches in their theoretical and practical aspects. The dibenzo-cycloalkanes are compounds with interesting behavior, giving different rearranged products, difficult to obtain by other type of syntheses. The modification of the product stability given by adding a carbon atom is also of interest, the steric factor changing radically the behavior of homologue compounds. The potential biological activity of some of these compounds is important for practical applications. The studied compounds were the subject of several PhD theses of the members of Acad. Cioranescu’s research team. It should also be mentioned that the obtained bridged compounds are raw materials for interesting heterocyclic compounds like the tryptycene analogue prepared in collaboration with Acad. A. T. Balaban.

PECULIARITIES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN 5-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-CONTAINING 1,2,4-TRIAZOL-3-THIONE DERIVATIVES AND PROPARGYL BROMIDE

Chemistry of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives is an area of active scientific investigations today. This is primarily due to the practical value of such compounds It is well known that due to their biological activity, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives are successfully used in such fields as pharmacy, agrochemistry and photography.The Department of Organic Chemistry of Uzhhorod National University is known for its active research in the development of new methods for the synthesis of functional derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, as well as in the study of their properties and their strategic modification to increase biological activity and value in general.In this context, one of the modern methods of heterocyclic systems functionalization is the introduction of fluorine-containing substituents. It is known that the substrates obtained in this way are usually characterized by greater lipophilicity and less toxicity compared to non-fluorinated analogues. Having some own developments on the effective introduction of fluorine-containing substituents into the 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione system, it became relevant to study the features of further transformations of obtained fluorine-containing derivatives.In the framework of this study propargyl substitute deserves special attention/. Being a highly nucleophilic alkyl functional moiety with an acidic terminal hydrogen atom, the propargyl substituent is able to influence on the course of a chemical reaction in significant way.The aim of this work is to investigate the interaction of 5-trifluoromethylcontaining 1,2,4-triazol-3-thione derivatives with propargyl bromide. It should be noted that this kind of investigation has not been conducted before.It has been investigated the peculiarities of the reaction of 5-trifluoromethyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione with propargyl bromide in comparison with the corresponding non-fluorinated substrates, selected and tested the conditions for the selective production of 4-phenyl-3- (prop-2-yn-1-ylsulfanyl) -5-trifluoromethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole 3, and demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach for similar reactions in the example of 4-methyl-3- (prop- 2-yn-1-ylsulfanyl) -5-trifluoromethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole 4.

Synthesis, Molecular Modelling and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives as Anti-inflammatory Agents

Aim: As part of ongoing studies in developing new anti-inflammatory agents, 2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine derivative 1 was synthesized by direct Biginelli condensation and used for the synthesis of novel series of  pyrimidin-2-thione derivatives  (2a-d to 7a-b).
 Materials and Methods: All compounds were examined for their anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay in comparison to ibuprofen, as a reference drug. Molecular docking studies were carried out using SYBLYL-X v.2.1 software.
 Study Design: A series of pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by a simple and available method leads to a molecule of promising anti-inflammatory activity, the docking studies show good agreement with anti-inflammatory results. Future researches are recommended to assure the importance of these new derivatives for various applications.
 Place and Duration of Study: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department and Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt, between February 2018 and March 2019.
 Results: Compounds showed 61 to 86% anti-inflammatory activity where-as ibuprofen showed 69% activity. Compounds 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 7a, 7b induced strong anti-inflammatory activity, comparable with that of ibuprofen, they showed significantly difference at 4h post-carrageenan. Compound 3c (86%) showed the best result of edema inhibition in rats. Moreover, compounds 1, 2c and 3c were subjected to in vitro enzyme assay investigations against COX-1 and COX-2. All tested compounds showed higher potency towards COX-2 over COX-1. Compound 3c realized higher potency towards COX-2 (IC50= 0.046 μM) than compounds 1(IC50= 0.21 μM) and 2c (IC50=0.11 μM) as well as ibuprofen (IC50= 43.628 μM). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been discussed.
 Conclusion: A series of pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by a simple and available method gave a molecule of promising anti-inflammatory activity, the docking studies showed good agreement with anti-inflammatory results.

Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid Promoted Synthesis of 14-Aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes

Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalilia*, Zahra Zaghaghib & Azam Monfaredba Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Yazd University, Yazd, Iranb Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Pollutants in Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry Education Laboratory. Experimental and Machine Learning Studies.

Computational modelling may help us to detect the more important factors governing this process in order to optimize it. The generation of hazardous organic waste in teaching and research laboratories poses a big problem that universities have to manage. In this work, we report on the experimental measurement of waste generation on the chemical education laboratories within our department. We measured the waste generated in the teaching laboratories of the Organic Chemistry Department II (UPV/EHU), in the second semester of the 2017/2018 academic year. Likewise, to know the anthropogenic and social factors related to the generation of waste, a questionnaire has been utilized. We focused on all students of Experimentation in Organic Chemistry (EOC) and Organic Chemistry II (OC2) subjects. It helped us to know their prior knowledge about waste, awareness of the problem of separate organic waste and the correct use of the containers. These results, together with the volumetric data, have been analyzed with statistical analysis software. We obtained two Perturbation-Theory Machine Learning (PTML) models including chemical, operational, and academic factors. The dataset analyzed included 6050 cases of laboratory practices vs. practices of reference. These models predict the values of acetone waste with R2 = 0.88 and non-halogenated waste with R2 = 0.91. This work opens a new gate to the implementation of more sustainable techniques and a circular economy with the aim of improving the quality of university education processes.

Walter Thiel (1949-2019).

On August 23, 2019 Walter Thiel passed away suddenly and unexpectedly. Thiel was a giant in the field of Theoretical Chemistry and has left deep marks as an outstanding scientist and as a wonderful human being. With Walter Thiel, the scientific community has lost a visionary scientific leader and an important voice of reason.