Department Of Oral Biology Research Articles

Estimation of Tooth Dimensions and Golden Divine Ratio in Extracted Human Permanent Maxillary and Mandibular Canines in a Cohort of Tamil Ethnicity.

Background Teeth serve many functions, and aesthetics is one of the most important aspects served by teeth, perceived by the limbic system of the human brain. The golden divine ratio is the unique proportion often correlated with beauty. The present study was devised to estimate the dimension of human permanent canines and approximation to the golden divine ratio. Materials and methods The present study included 47 extracted human permanent canines retrieved from the tooth repository of our institute's Department of Oral Biology. Using digital vernier calipers (Themisto TH-M61 digital vernier caliper, 0-150mm/ 6 inch, JIPVI Ecommerce Pvt. Ltd, India, 2022), the following measurements were taken: Mesio-distal and labiolingual dimensions of the crown, crown length, root length, root to crown ratio (R/C) and the tooth to root ratio (T/R). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26. Results All the dimensions' mean and standard deviations were calculated for both maxillary and mandibular canines. While the means of mesio-distal and labiolingual dimensions of the crown approximated the values reported in the literature, there was some variation in crown and root lengths. The mean crown lengths of the upper and lower canines were 10.34mm and 9.76mm, respectively, while the root lengths were 16.52 and 15.54mm, respectively. The R/C of both sets and the T/R of the upper canine only followed the golden ratio. T/R of the lower canine was slightly higher (1.64) Conclusion Although the number of included teeth was less, owing to the fact that canines are rarely extracted, our results provided new values of canines for updation in a unique population. More studies are required for comparative anthropological data updates.

Novel Ultrasound-guided Injection Method for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Based on Anatomical Features: A Cadaveric Study

BACKGROUND: Despite the positive effect of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) treatment, there is insufficient anatomical evidence of its use in the anterior scalene (AS) and middle scalene (MS) muscles. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide safer and more effective guidelines for the injection of botulinum neurotoxin into scalene muscles for the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: The study was based on an anatomical study and ultrasound studies. SETTING: This study was conducted at the Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry (Seoul, Republic of Korea) METHODS: Ten living volunteers underwent ultrasonography, and the depths of the anterior scalene (AS) and middle scalene (MS) muscles were calculated from the skin surface. In cadaveric specimens, fifteen AS and 13 MS muscles were stained using the Sihler staining procedure; the neural arborization pattern was identified, and localized dense portions were investigated. RESULTS: The mean depth of the AS was 9.19 ± 1.56 mm, and that of the MS was 11.64 ± 2.73 mm at 1.5 cm above the clavicle. At 3 cm above the clavicle, the AS and MS were clearly located 8.12 ± 1.90 mm and 10.99 ± 2.52 mm deep, respectively. The nerve ending points were highest in the lower three-quarters of the AS (11/15 cases) and MS muscles (8/13 cases), followed by the lower quarter (AS muscle, 4/15 cases; MS muscle, 3/13 cases). LIMITATIONS: There are many difficulties for clinics to directly perform ultrasound-guided injections in clinical practice. However, results of this study can be used as basic data. CONCLUSION: According to anatomical features, the appropriate location for botulinum neurotoxin injection in the AS and MS muscles for the treatment of TOS is the lower portion of the scalene muscles. Therefore, it is recommended to inject at a depth of approximately 8 mm for AS and 11 mm for MS at a point 3 cm above the clavicle. KEY WORDS: Thoracic outlet syndrome, ultrasound-guided injection, nerve arborization pattern, botulinum neurotoxin, noninvasive treatment, scalene muscles, anterior scalene, middle scalene

Pancreatitis-Associated PRSS1-PRSS2 Haplotype Alters T-Cell Receptor Beta (TRB) Repertoire More Strongly Than PRSS1 Expression

Pancreatitis-Associated PRSS1-PRSS2 Haplotype Alters T-Cell Receptor Beta (TRB) Repertoire More Strongly Than PRSS1 Expression

Assesment of Root Apices Closureof Permanent Incisors and First Molars in Digital Orthopantomographs: A Pilot Study From Pakistan

Objective:The purpose of the current study is to assess the degree of closure of the root apices of primary molars and permanent incisors in young children. Study Design:Retrospective study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Department of Oral Biology, Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar from January, 2022 to July 2022. Methods: There were 130 patients of both genders with ages 4-16 years were presented. After obtaining informed written consent, the enrolled cases' detailed demographics, including age, sex, body mass, and locale, were computed. Digital orthopantomographs of all the patients were taken. Chi square test was used to assess differences among closure of root apices of permanent incisors and first molars among all cases. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results:Among 130 included cases, 80 (61.5%) were females and the rest were males 50 (38.5%).Mean age of the cases were 12.6±4.72 years. 85 (65.4%) cases had body mass index <18 kg/m2 and 45 (34.6%) patients had BMI >18kg/m2. There were 76 (58.5%) cases had urban and 54 (41.5%) patients had rural residency. Permanent incisors were 82 (63.1%) and first molars were 48 (36.9%). At age between 5-9 years frequency of closed root apices of mandibular central incisors was 50 (60.9%) and closed maxillary first molars were 22 (51.2%). At age 10-15 years number of closed root apices of central incisors were 65 (79.3%) and closed root apices of first molars were 30 (62.5%) with p value <0.003. Conclusion:In this study, we came to the conclusion that the majority of root apices of permanent incisors and first molars in children in the studied sample close early compared to earlier reports, which is consistent with the pattern of emergence of permanent teeth previously reported in children. Keywords:Root Apices, First Molars, Permanent Incisors, Children

Effective Pulp Sensibility Tests Responses In Type 2 Diabetes Patients And Healthy Patients

Department of Oral Biology, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. *Corresponding author: Mzoon Mousa Alshehri, Department of Oral Biology, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Citation: Almutairi RM, Alojayan DM, Alajmi ND, ..

Pigmented Oral Lesions: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of pigmented oral lesions from Thailand. Materials and Methods Biopsy records of the Department of Oral Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Department of Oral Diagnosis, KhonKaen University, Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Chiangmai University, Department of Stomatology, Prince of Songkla University, and Rangsit University were reviewed for oral pigmented lesions diagnosed during 1999 to 2019. Demographic data were culled from the biopsy records. Ages of the patients were subdivided into 10-year intervals. Locations of the lesions were classified as gingiva, labial/buccal mucosa, palate, floor of the mouth, tongue, as well as the combination of sites. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20.0. Results Of the 47,175 accessioned cases, 241 cases (0.51%) were diagnosed in the category of pigmented oral lesions. The age of the patients ranged from 1 month to 88 years with the mean ± standard deviation = 38.74 ± 20.96 years. Regarding gender, 172 patients (71.37%) with pigmented lesions were females, while 69 patients (28.63%) were males. The female-to-male ratio was 2.49:1. The majority of the pigmented lesions were encountered at the gingiva (29.88%) followed by labial/buccal mucosa (26.97%), palate (14.94%), lip (10.79%), alveolar mucosa (9.54%), and others (7.88%), respectively. The three most common pigmented oral lesions in the present study were nevus (39.83%), followed by melanotic macule (28.63%) and amalgam tattoo (17.43%), respectively. Conclusions The most common pigmented oral lesion in the present study is nevus. Demographic data of the patients in the present study are in accordance with previous studies with minor differences. Even though pigmented lesions of the oral cavity constitute a small portion of the oral pathology biopsies, accurate diagnosis is important since there is an overlap in clinical appearance of benign pigmented lesions and melanoma.

Frequency of number of roots and root canals of maxillary first premolar teeth.

Objective: To determine the frequency of the number of roots and root canals in a sample of 250 extracted maxillary first premolar teeth of patients visiting Peshawar Dental College and Hospital Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Study Design: Cross Sectional. Setting: Department of Oral Biology, Peshawar Dental College and Hospital Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Period: April 2016 to December 2016. Material & Methods: A total of 250 extracted human maxillary first premolars were collected from the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peshawar Dental College, and Hospital Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All teeth were visually inspected to count the number of roots. Subsequently, the access cavity was prepared, and pulp extirpated from each tooth. Endodontic explorer was used to locating the canal orifice(s) at the pulp chamber floor. Later the root canal orifices were injected with India ink to stain the canals. After that roots of teeth were sectioned at different levels to note down the number of canals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. The statistical significance of the variations from mean values was considered significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. Results: Out of 250 maxillary first premolar teeth, 44.8% had one root, 40.4% had two separate and 12.8% had two fused roots. Three roots were seen in 2.0% teeth. Two root canals were present in the vast majority (70.4%), whereas one and three root canals were seen in 27.6% and 2.0% teeth, respectively. The correlation between the number of roots and root canals of maxillary first premolar teeth was highly significant. Conclusions: There was a high frequency of maxillary first premolars with two roots and two root canals.

An ulcerated, pedunculated nodule in the vestibule

A 24-year-old woman sought treatment from an oral surgeon for a painless mass that enlarged slowly over 2 years. The lesion was described as a pedunculated, pink-white, ulcerated nodule 1 centimeter in diameter (Figures 1 and 2) arising in the right mandibular vestibule adjacent to tooth no. 31. After complete excision, the surgical site healed without complication. Figure 2Clinical appearance illustrating pedunculation. View Large Image Figure Viewer Download Hi-res image Dr. Narayana is an associate professor, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln NE 68583. Dr. Cleverly is an oral surgeon, Nebraska Oral & Facial Surgery Lincoln, NE.

Histomorphometric Effects of Smokeless Tobacco on Submandibular Gland in Albino Rat

Background: Use of the smokeless tobacco is a major public health problem. Oral mucosal hyper keratinization occurs due to smokeless form of tobacco. Objective: To determine the Submandibular Gland injuries induced by smokeless tobacco in Albino Rat. Study Design: Experimental study. Settings: Department of Oral biology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro-Pakistan. Duration: From November 1, 2015 to April 30, 2016. Methodology: Aalbano healthy rats were used to observe smokeless tobacco effects on submandibular glands. After initial weight record, rats were placed in three groups (A, B, C); Group-A (control group), group-B and group-C were fed with tobacco; non-smokeless, smokeless 5%, and smokeless 10%, respectively. During experiment, weight gain was recorded weekly and sub-mandibular gland weight was measured at the end of the trial. T-test was applied to analyze the data. H & E stain and reticulin stain were used to observed structural integrity of submandibular gland. All the data was recorded in the self-made proforma. Results: Overall body weight and submandibular weight were decreased in B and C groups as compared to control group. In group A, seromucinous acini was seen in parenchymal tissue, cuboidal epithelium showed duct line and red blood cells distended vessels. Stromal changes, narrow duct lumen and reasonable damage in parenchymal tissue with atrophy were detected in group B. Stromal tissues increased and atrophy of acini were observed in H and E stain during histological study. Further, as compared to control groups, in group B and C under reticulin stain and stromal tissues were enlarged with pragmatic vascular collapse. Conclusion: This study revealed abnormal histological changes in submandibular gland of albino female rats by oral use of smokeless tobacco.

Study of Hyperbaric Oxygen Theraphy and Gold sea Cucumber (Stichopus Hermanii) 3% for Collagen Density of Rat’s with Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Porphyromonas Gingivalis Bactery

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Periodontitis is complication of DM in chronic state. Periodontitis susceptibility increase threefold in patient DM compared non-DM. Debridement with SRP alone is less effective in DM</em><em>. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO) has the effect of increasing insulin sensitivity and synthesis of collagen. Collagen is the largest extracellular matrix supporting periodontal tissue. Stchopus hermanii contains condrotin sulfate serves to inhibit the formation of mixed periodontopatogen bacteri. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To determine the therapeutic effects of HBO 2,4 ATA 3x3’ interval 5’ 7 days and stichopus hermanii against periodontal ligament collagen density in the healing process of periodontitis with DM. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em><em>The experiment design is factorial design. Rats are inducted with STZ 65 mg/kgBB to make them suffer DM and are inducted with P.gingivalis </em><em>1x10<sup>9</sup>sel/ml for 5 days straight to make them suffer periodontitis</em><em>,</em><em> 20 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. K0 (control group), K1(STZ+P. gingivalis), K2(STZ+P. gingivalis+Stichopus hermanii), K3(STZ+P. gingivalis+HBO), and K4(STZ+P.gingivalis+stichopus hermanii HBO) after treatment on day 52, all groups were sacrificed and done making preparations for the HPA of the mandible bone. <strong>Results:</strong> Data were analyzed using chi-square, Kruskal wallis, and Mann Whitney U with 95% significance level (p = 0.05). increase level of collagen significantly</em> K1<em>(1 ± 0.00)</em> - K2<em>(2±0.00)</em>, dan K1<em>(1 ± 0.00)</em> - K4<em>(2.5 ± 0.289)</em><em>.<strong>Conclution</strong></em><strong><em>:</em></strong><em>Therapy HBO combination of 2.4 ATA 3 x 30 </em><em>with 5 minutes air breaks for 7 days</em><em> and gel Stichopus hermanii3% effective on the Densityof collagen in the periodontal ligament healing process periodontitis with DM. <br /> <br /> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em>OHB, Stichopus hermanii, periodontitis with DM, collagen</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><strong><em>Correspondence: </em></strong><em>Dian Mulawarmanti, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University,Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya,Phone 031-5945864, Email: </em><a href="mailto:dian.mulawarmanti@hangtuah.ac.id"><em>dian.mulawarmanti@hangtuah.ac.id</em></a>

Effectivity of the Gold Sea Cucumber Supplementation (Stichopus hermanii) of Catalase Activity in Wistar Rat’s Submandibular with Oral Candidiasis

<p class="Default"><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Oral candidiasis is common opportunistic infection in oral cavity caused by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans </em><em>and it can develop to malignant such as a candida leukoplakia if it’s affected by cigarette smoke exposure. <strong>Purpose: </strong>To analysis the effectivity of Stichopus hermanii supplementation of catalase activity in Wistar rats submandibular with oral candidiasis. <strong>Materials and </strong><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was post-test-only control group design, using 35 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, Group1 is negative control, Group2 is positive control, Group3 is treatment control with Stichopus hermanii 0,0225 mg/g BB powder, Group4 is treatment control with Stichopus hermanii 0,045 mg/g BB powder) Group5 is treatment control with Stichopus hermanii 0,09 mg/kg BB powder). Oral candida infection was achieved by spray and cotton swab rolled over all parts of the mouth. After treatment, rats were euthanized and submandibular were biopsied to make histopathology slide for measure activity of enzim catalase with spectrophotometer λ 280 nm. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Tukey LSD test. <strong>Results: </strong></em><em>There are significantly differences catalase activity between K1&K2, K2&K3, K4&K1, K2&K4, K2&K5.</em><strong><em> Conclusion:</em></strong> <em>Suplementation of Stichopus hermanii<strong> </strong>effectiv of catalase activity in wistar rat’s submandibular with Candida albicans A infection.</em></p><p class="Default"><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Oral candidiasis, catalase activity, Stichopus hermanii, Candida albicans</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Correspondence:</em></strong><em> Syamsulina<strong> </strong></em><em>Revianti, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Hang Tuah, Arif Rahman Hakim 150 Surabaya, Telepon 031-5945864, 5912191, Email: <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="mailto:syamsulinarevianti16@gmail.com">syamsulinarevianti16@gmail.com</a></span></em></p>

Combination Administration of Stichopus hermaniiGel and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy the number of fibroblasts in diabetes mellitus rats with periodontitis

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Periodontitis is the most severe complication in oral cavity to diabetes mellitus</em><em>. Stichopus hermanii contain GAG, a polysaccharide which very useful in wound healing. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is effective repairing ischemia, hypoxia, and is used as adjuvant therapy. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To determine effect of administration of Stichopus hermanii (SH) 3% gel and hyperbaric oxygen therapy 3x30 minutes with 5 minute intervals in 7 consecutive days to the number of fibroblasts in ligament periodontal diabetes mellitus rats with periodontitis. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong></em><em>The experiment design is factorial design. Rats are inducted with STZ single dose 65 mg/kgBB to make them suffer DM and are inducted with P.gingivalis 1x10<sup>9</sup>sel/ml for 5 days straight to make them suffer periodontitis. 20 male wistar rats are divided into 5 groups.</em><em> K<sup>-</sup> (control), K1 (STZ+P.Gingivalis), K2(STZ+P.Gingivalis+SH), K3(STZ+P.Gingivalis+HBO), K4(STZ+P.Gingivalis+SH+HBO). After </em><em>52 days treatment, rats is terminated to make a HPA Sample from the mandible and fibroblast is counted with 400x magnification</em><em>. <strong>Result: </strong>One-way Annova here were significant differences (p<0,05) in K<sup>-</sup> (32.300 ± 11.381), K1 (31.725 ± 5.590), K2 (54.225 ± 7.165), K3 (49.725 ± 10.088), K4 (72.075 ± 9.342). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> administration of Stichopus hermanii 3% gel combination and 2.4 ATA hyperbaric oxygen 3x30 minutes a day with 5 minutes intervals in 7 consecutive days can increase the number of fibroblasts in diabetes mellitus rats with periodontitis.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Stichopus hermanii, hyperbaric oxygen, diabetes, periodontitis, fibroblasts</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Correspondence:</em></strong><em> Dian Mulawarmanti, Department of Oral Biology,Faculty of Dentistry, , Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email: </em><a href="mailto:dian.mulawarmanti@hangtuah.ac.id"><em>dian.mulawarmanti@hangtuah.ac.id</em></a><em></em></p>

PERMANENT MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLARS

Objectives: Tooth morphology plays an important role in dental anthropology& forensic odontology. This study was conducted to determine the frequencies of variationsin occlusal surface patterns in permanent mandibular second molars in a subset of Pakistanipopulation. Data Source: 500 medical and dental students of Dow University of Health Sciencesand healthy volunteers visiting the dental OPD with age range from 17 to 25 years. Design ofStudy: Cross-sectional analytical Study. Setting: Department of Oral Biology, Dr. IshratulIbadKhan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences. Period: May 2017till August 2017. Materials & Methods: This analytical study was conducted in the departmentof Oral Biology at Dr Ishratul Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Science. Five hundred dentalcasts after interoral exam and impression taking were studied for the variations in the frequencyof of cusps and their relative groove and fissure pattern. Statistical analysis was performed byDescriptive analysis and Chi Square. Results: Out of the fivbe hundred casts that were analysed,51% were of males and 49% were of females. The four-cusped variety of mandibular molars withpresence of distal fovea and distal marginal ridge was the most frequent (95.4%) while the mostprevalent occlusal groove form was “+” shape (88.4%). Frequently present occlusal patternwas the “+4” form (85.4%). Conclusion: The occlusal configurations of mandibular molarsshowed high degree of variability. The most frequently occurring pattern of occlusal surface ofmandibular second molars in this subset of Pakistani population was determined to be “+4”form. These findings can be used for forensic, teaching & clinical purposes by providing aPakistani database for morphological characteristic of mandibular molars.

Intracranial tumor manifesting as mandibular pain: A case report

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) or tic douloureux is a painful disorder characterized by perioral or intraoral unilateral, sharp, shooting electric pain. According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta classification, TN can be classified as classical TN or painful trigeminal neuropathy. 1 Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013; 33: 629-808 Crossref PubMed Scopus (5766) Google Scholar Various causes for symptomatic TN include acute herpes zoster, trauma, demyelinating processes such as multiple sclerosis, space-occupying lesions, and vascular compression of the nerve root. 1 Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013; 33: 629-808 Crossref PubMed Scopus (5766) Google Scholar , 2 Sheehan J. Steiner L. Trigeminal neuralgia [letter]. J Neurosurg. 2005; 102: 1173 PubMed Google Scholar Often patients first seek care at a dental office because the pain often mimics a toothache. Here we present the case of a patient who sought care at a dental office with a symptom of toothache, which we diagnosed as TN secondary to an intracranial space–occupying lesion. Dr. Tody is a research scientist, Section of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Biology, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA. Dr. Merrill is the program director, Graduate Orofacial Pain Program, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS 10-157, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668. Dr. Matthews is a lecturer, Section of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA.

The Effect of Brown Algae Sargassum sp. Extract Towards The Amount of Macrophages in The Healing Process of Traumatic Ulcer

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> The Sarggasum’s sp. extract contains of several chemical properties such as flavonoid, vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, and calcium which has benefit as anti-inflammation, so it can be used as an alternative therapy for traumatic ulcer. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate the effectivity of Sargassum’s sp. extract towards the amount of macrophages in the healing process of traumatic ulcers. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> 32 wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, K1 the negative control group without treatment, K2 the positive control group with the drugs containing 0.2% hyaluronic acid, and the treatment group K3 Sargassum’s sp. extract concentrations of 50% and K4 Sargassum’s sp. extract concentrations of 75%. Traumatic ulcer were made in the labial mucosa of rats by using heated amalgam stopper. On the fourth and seventh day, rats were sacrified and biopsied on lower labial mucosa. The macrophages were observed using a 1000x magnification light microscope with OptiLab viewer. <strong>Result:</strong> The statistical test using One Way ANOVA showed significant difference (p<0,05) of macrophage on fourth day group. The LSD test showed a significant difference (p<0,05) in macrophages at K1 (2.83±1.03) compared to K3 (1.17±0.64), K1 compared to K4 (0.58±0.79), K2 (2.58±0.50) compared to K3, and K2 compared to K4 at the fourth day group, whereas the seventh day group showed no significant differences between each groups. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Sargassum’s sp. extract concentrations of 75% is the most effective in decreasing amount of macrophages in the healing process of traumatic ulcers.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> traumatic ulcer, inflammation, macrophage, Sargassum sp. extract</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><strong><em>Correspondence</em></strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Agni Febrina Pargaputri, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arief Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone. 031-5912191, Email: agni_febrina@yahoo.com</em></p>

The Effect of Pluchea indica Less Leaves Extract Againts Biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum In Vitro

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are the most common bacteria found in infected root canal teeth and most of them often caused failure in endodontic treatments. These bacteria can form biofilm which makes them more resistant against antibacterial agents. Biofilm formation also causes a decrease in antibiotics and antimicrobials sensitivity. Pluchea indica Less leaves is a species of plants that has several chemical properties. It consists of flavonoids and polyphenols which have benefits to inhibit biofilm formation. Because of its benefits, the extract of Pluchea indica Less leaves can be potentially developed as one of sterilization dressing in root canal teeth. <strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine biofilm formation inhibition of Pluchea indica Less leaves extract against Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The dilution method was done first to show the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract. The inhibition biolfilm formation was tested using microtitter plate assay by measuring the bacterial biofilm Optical Density (OD) from ELISA reader’s results and using autoagregation assay to show the inhibition of adherance bacteria. The Pluchea indica Less leaves extract concentration used for inhibition of biofilm formation were 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, and 6,25%. <strong>Results:</strong> The result of biofilm formation inhibition showed that Pluchea indica Less leaves extract were able to inhibit Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum’ biofilm formation with strong moderate effect. The autoagregation assay showed a decrease in autoagregation percentation of Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pluchea indica Less leaves extract has effect to inhibit biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Pluchea indica Less leaves extract, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, biofilm.</em></p><p><strong><em>Correspondence:</em></strong><em> Agni Febrina Pargaputri, Department of Oral Biology, </em><em>Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone.031-5912191</em><em>, Email: <span style="text-decoration: underline;">agni_febrina@yahoo.com</span></em><strong><em></em></strong></p>

A multicenter study of oral malignant tumors from Thailand.

Background:Oral malignant tumors in Thailand have not been extensively studied. Hence the following study was conducted.Aims:To determine the prevalence and clinicopathologic data of the oral malignant tumors from Thailand.Subjects and Methods:Biopsy records of the Oral Pathology Department, Chulalongkorn University; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Chiang Mai University; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Khon Kaen University and Department of Stomatology, Prince of Songkla University, were reviewed for lesions diagnosed in the category of oral malignant tumors from 2005–2014. Demographic data and site of the lesions were collected.Statistical Analysis Used:Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 17.0.Results:Of the 22,639 accessioned cases, 1411 cases (6.23%) were diagnosed as oral malignant tumors. The mean age of the patients was 59.13 ± 17.32 years. A total of 651 cases (46.14%) were diagnosed in males, whereas 759 cases (53.79%) were diagnosed in females. The male-to-female ratio was 0.86:1. The sites of predilection for oral malignant tumors were the gingiva, followed by tongue and alveolar mucosa. The three most common oral malignant tumors in the descending order of frequency were squamous cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.Conclusions:This study provides extensive data on the oral malignant tumors from several university biopsy services located in virtually all parts of Thailand. The data from the present study show some similarities with previous studies; however, differences such as gender and site of predilection still exist.

Titanium surface biofunctionalization using dmp1 peptide sequence: From chemical attachment to osteogenic differentiation study

Event Abstract Back to Event Titanium surface biofunctionalization using dmp1 peptide sequence: From chemical attachment to osteogenic differentiation study Luciana D. Trino1, 2, 3, Amsa Ramachandran3, Paulo N. Lisboa-Filho1, Mathew T. Mathew2 and Anne George3 1 State University of São Paulo, Department of Physics, Brazil 2 Rush University Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics, United States 3 University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Oral Biology, United States Metallic biomaterials possess the combination of properties required for load-bearing applications. However, despite the good bulk characteristics, there are still an undesirable number of implants failures. In order to overcome such concerns, improvements could be achieved by designing biomaterials where the bulk and the surface are independently tailored with regenerative capabilities. Therefore, the objective of this study is to improve the osteointegration of Ti-surfaces by adding organic and biomolecules. We hypothesize that the hydroxyl groups presented in TiO2 surface will interact with the functional groups of the organic molecules that will enhance the DMP[1] peptide interaction, improve cell adhesion and differentiation, leading to an implant success. Titanium cp discs were polished until Ra≈150 nm then cleaned with deionized water. The samples were etched and hydroxylated in Piranha solution. TiO2 deposition was performed by spin coating technique and then annealed at 830°C. The samples were divided in five groups. The control group consists in Ti substrate coated with TiO2, and the other four TiO2 surface were functionalized with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), 3-4 aminophenyl propionic acid (APPA), 3- aminopropyltrimetoxysilane (APTMS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Peptide pA (ESQES) and peptide pB (QESQSEQDS) were diluted in the ratio 1:4, respectively, in order to have a concentration of 1mg/mL. White Light Interferometry (WLI) was used to determine average surface roughness. To determine the chemical states of the elements X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was carried out. Surface measurements demonstrated that the titanium surface modified with TiO2 presented low roughness than the biofunctionalized titanium (Figure 1). Surface roughness between 0.5 and 1.5 µm, as the presented ones, has shown improved cell adhesion[2]]. The XPS analysis revealed an increase in the intensity of C 1s for all samples, indicating the success in the functionalization process (Figue 2a). Different contributions of oxygen can be observed in the high resolution spectra of O 1s from TiO2 (Figure 2). The first three peaks at lower energy are typical for the metal oxide bonds in TiO2, the other one located in 531.2 eV is assigned to the Ti-OH bonds[3]. It indicates that the surface contains hydroxyl groups acting as anchoring points for the formation of monolayers. APTMS attachment is preferential by silane groups because Si-OH reacts fast by condensation forming Si-O-Si groups. This covalent bond stabilizes the monolayer and also allows the binding with peptides by NH2 anchoring group[4]. For MPA the results indicate that this molecule bind with TiO2 surface by COOH groups (Figure 3b). PEG has several hydroxyl groups available for derivatization which cross linked with each other forming multilayer upon the TiO2 surface, as shown by the increase of C 1s and O 1s in PEG survey followed by a decrease in Ti 2p intensity. In order to test the surface properties, human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the modified substrates and tested for their cellular adhesive properties and their differentiation potential. These findings suggest that the bio-functionalization of the Ti based substrates with organic and biomolecules could possibly open the door for designing better implants and their use in regenerative medicine. FAPESP (2014/27015-0; 2014/01713-3; 2014/20471-0); CEPID (2013/07296-2); Brodie Endowment fund

Effects of PPARγ agonist on heart rate variability and cardiac mitochondrial function in obese-insulin resistant rats

a Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand b Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand c Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand d Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

치주염 유발 쥐에서 상아질파괴세포와 뼈파괴세포의 형성

Received: April 10, 2015, Accepted: May 6, 2015 ISSN 1598-4478 (Print) / ISSN 2233-7679 (Online) Correspondence to: Yun-Jung Yoo Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea Tel: +82-2-2228-3060, Fax: +82-2-2227-7903, E-mail: yu618@yuhs.ac Correspondence to: Eun-Jung Bak Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea Tel: +82-2-2228-3062, Fax: +82-2-2227-7903, E-mail: ejbak@yuhs.ac *These authors contributed equally to this work.