Department Of Narino Research Articles

Costume and history in highland Ecuador

Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Ann Pollard Rowe Chapter 1. Ecuador before the Incas The Geography of Ecuador Karen Olsen Bruhns An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ecuador Karen Olsen Bruhns Costume in Ecuador before the Incas Karen Olsen Bruhns Evidence for Pre-Inca Textiles Ann Pollard Rowe Chapter 2. Ecuador under the Inca Empire The Incas in Quito John Howland Rowe Costume under the Inca Empire Ann Pollard Rowe Chapter 3. Ecuador under the Spanish Empire An Introduction to the History of Colonial Ecuador Suzanne Austin Colonial Costume Lynn A. Meisch Chapter 4. Historical Developments in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Ecuador Margaret Young-Sanchez Chapter 5. Carchi Province (Ecuador) and the Department of Narino (Colombia) Joanne Rappaport Chapter 6. Costume in Imbabura Province Otavalo Lynn A. Meisch Natabuela Ann Pollard Rowe Eastern Imbabura and Northeastern Pichincha Provinces Lynn A. Meisch and Ann Pollard Rowe Chapter 7. Costume in Southern Pichincha Province Ann Pollard Rowe Chapter 8. Costume in Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, and Bolivar Provinces Ann Pollard Rowe Chapter 9. Costume in Chimborazo and Canar Provinces Ann Pollard Rowe Chapter 10. Azuay Province The Cholos of Azuay: Historical Introduction Margaret Young-Sanchez Historic Costume in Azuay Lynn A. Meisch and Ann Pollard Rowe Chapter 11. Saraguro Costume in Loja Province Lynn A. Meisch Conclusions Ann Pollard Rowe Notes Glossary Ann Pollard Rowe References Cited Contributors Index

Evaluación de la eficiencia de reactores de lecho fijo utilizando aguas mieles residuales de trapiches artesanales

El problema de tratamiento y disposición final de las aguas mieles residuales provenientes de los trapiches artesanales en el departamento de Nariño, en particular los asentados en el municipio de Sandoná, radica en su imposibilidad económica y tecnológica, dadas las características de subsistencia en que se basa su funcionamiento. El sistema de filtros anaerobios de flujo ascendente (FAFA) como unidad principal de tratamiento biológico en la degradación de azúcares, ofrece una buena alternativa por ser considerado eficiente, de relativos bajos costos de construcción, operación y mantenimiento, con el reto central de mantener las condiciones de hábitat adecuadas para el crecimiento de la biomasa al interior del reactor. Se evaluaron cuatro medios de (concha marina, material sintético, material vitrificado y grava de río), a escala de laboratorio, para encontrar el lecho de soporte de FAFA más conveniente en condiciones controladas de temperatura, régimen de flujo y acondicionamiento previo del medio bacteriano. La concha marina y el material sintético, ofrecen características de resistencia, durabilidad y facilidad de consecución y alcanzan remociones de materia orgánica mayores del 80%. Sin embargo, la concha marina alcanza las mayores remociones (89,7% para DQO y 87,8 % para DBO) gracias a su estructura física que ofrece un microambiente adecuado y por su composición química, fuente natural de alcalinidad y micronutrientes al sistema, lo que hace que se lo considere como el medio de contacto más adecuado para diseñar e implementar filtros anaerobios de lecho fijo en la industria artesanal panelera.

El suicidio en Nariño: una mirada desde los observatorios del delito en cinco municipios del Departamento

Suicide in Colombia is not considered to be of great consequence when compared with the world average. In the past decade a slight increase in the number of cases has been observed, mainly in some regions, such as the department of Narino. To analyze the phenomena a descriptive study was performed with the data from the crime observatory from Pasto, Ipiales, Tumaco, Tuquerres and La Union, from 2002 to 2007; these cities reported 393 suicides for this period. Of the total number of cases reported, 67.6% of the cases were men (the man: woman ratio was 2:1); the average age

Five new species of Rhagovelia in the cali group from Colombia (Heteroptera: Veliidae)

The genus Rhagovelia was established by Mayr (1865); in the Western Hemisphere there are about 149 species in 17 species groups. Colombia has records for about 21 species of Rhagovelia, from localities in the departments of Magdalena, Cesar, Antioquia, Huila, Meta, Cauca, Valle del Cauca and Amazonas. Six species groups are recorded: the bisignata group represented by three species; the cali group with three species, the hirtipes group with one species, the elegans group with one species, the robusta group with four species, the armata group with seven species, and two species incertae sedis. The Rhagovelia cali group was defined by Polhemus (1997) to hold R. antioquiae Polhemus, 1997, R. manzanoi Polhemus, 1997, and R. cali Polhemus, 1997 from western Colombia. In this paper five new species of Rhagovelia are described from the Colombian department of Narino. These new species are also included in the cali group, abrupta grade. The type locality of four of these new species is the Rio Nambi (Fig. 1), 4 km from Barro on the PastoTumaco highway, Altaquer, (Departament of Narino), located at 1o 17’ 18” N, 78o 04’ 08” W, altitude 1400 m, with an average annual air temperature of 19oC, an average annual precipitation of 7100 mm, and a vegetation of primary rainforest. Rhagovelia deigmena and R. cephala were collected in small wells of water surrounded by vegetation, while R. ramphus and R. tsecuri were collected in the Nambi River, usually in areas of rapid flow. Five new species of Rhagovelia in the cali group from Colombia (Heteroptera: Veliidae)

Using Piper Species Diversity to Identify Conservation Priorities in the Chocó Region of Colombia

The forests of the Choco Region are among the most diverse in the world, however they are under imminent threat of significant degradation. This study uses species diversity and phylogenetic data in the plant genus Piper to select areas of maximum biological diversity to be considered as conservation priorities. Species distributions were obtained from herbarium collections and the literature. A molecular phylogeny based on nucleotide sequence data from the ITS region of the nuclear genome was used to estimate phylogenetic diversity indices. Three diversity indices were estimated: total species richness, number of endemic species, and phylogenetic diversity. Area selection was conducted by maximizing the total value for these indices and also by complementarity. Four regions were selected as the highest conservation priorities: the vicinity of Buenaventura, the Rio San Juan watershed (south of Quibdo), the department of Narino, and the Rio Atrato watershed. All of them had the highest rankings for all or some of the diversity indices evaluated. Furthermore, this study shows that in the Choco Region, Piper phylogenetic diversity increases with total number of species, but decreases with the proportion of endemics.

Evaluación de la actividad biocontroladora de Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae sobre larvas de Ancognatha scarabaeiodes (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Actualmente, en los municipios del departamento de Nariño (Colombia), en los cultivos de trigo y papa que son los principales sistemas de producción, se presentan altas infestaciones de poblaciones de chisas encontrándose hasta 350 larvas/m2, representando un factor limitante para la producción de los cultivos. Una alternativa promisoria para el manejo de esta plaga es la utilización de métodos biológicos que incluyen el uso de hongos entomopatógenos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de evaluar el efecto de Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae sobre larvas de Ancognatha scarabaeoides en laboratorio e invernadero. Los aislamientos de hongos se obtuvieron de larvas infectadas en los municipios de Yacuanquer y Ospina. En el laboratorio, se seleccionaron 5 de 9 aislamientos de hongos: Mt1, Bb cosmo, Mt2, Bb4 y Bb10 que presentaron mortalidades superiores al 50%, éstas se evaluaron a concentraciones de 1x105 a 1x1010 esporas/ml. El porcentaje acumulado de mortalidad a los 18 días después de la inoculación fueron: del 100% para Bb cosmo, Mt1 y Mt2 en la concentración de 1x1010 esporas/ml y del 90% para Bb4 y Bb10 en la concentración de 1x109 esporas/ml, presentando concentraciones letales 90(CL90) de 1.1x1010, 7.3x109, 2.2x1010, 3.9x1010 y 4.3x1010 esporas/ml respectivamente. En invernadero se evaluaron los mismos microorganismos con sus respectivas concentraciones letales 50(CL50) y 90(CL90), encontrándose porcentajes de mortalidad del 76.00%, 67.50%, 63.50%, 59.00% y 53.50% para Mt1, Bb cosmo, Mt2, Bb4 y Bb10. Estos resultados indican la posibilidad de incluir estos biocontroladores nativos en el manejo integrado de las chisas en Nariño.

Gastric cancer in Colombia. II. Case-control epidemiologic study of precursor lesions.

Endoscopic surveys in the Department of Narino (Colombia) showed that natives of areas of very high risks for stomach cancer have a higher prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia than do persons born in other parts of Narino. In these surveys, diets were compared between individuals with and without evidence of these suspect precursor lesions of stomach cancer and between individuals born in the areas designated as high and low risk for stomach cancer. The composite evidence from the comparisons indicated lettuce to be negatively associated with stomach cancer and raised the possibility to a positive association for corn. The relationship of these findings to other epidemiologic evidence and the implications for applying the epidemiology of stomach cancer to the epidemiology of precursor lesions were examined.

Gastric cancer in Colombia. I. Cancer risk and suspect environmental agents.

A case control study of patients discharged from hospitals revealed fourfold differences in geographic variation in stomach cancer risk within the Department of Narino (Colombia). Data from gastroscopic surveys of population groups, samples of water supplies, and urine and saliva in Narino also indicated a generally positive correlation among the following parameters: 1) gastric cancer risk, 2) prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, 3) nitrate content of well waters, and 4) nitrate excretion by the population. Urinary excretion reflected the ingestion of nitrates, and this implied a higher average intake of nitrates in the populations at high risk for stomach cancer. The Narino data could be construed as presumptive epidemiologic evidence for the role of nitrate availability in the etiology of stomach cancer.