Music Education Department Research Articles

교원 양성기관의 국악 교육과정 제안 - 사범대학 음악교육과 교육과정을 중심으로

This study seeks to enhance the quality of music teacher education programs in Korea with the goal of cultivating music teachers who can foster a strong sense of national cultural identity and global citizenship among Korean students. By analyzing the music education curricula of nine teacher training colleges in light of the 2022 revised national curriculum and the 2023 basic required courses and fields, this study identifies key challenges and proposes solutions. There are two main issues with the music education curricula in teacher training colleges. First, the courses on gugak do not align with the national curriculum standards, particularly regarding the required basic courses and fields. Second, there is a significant imbalance in the faculty composition of music education departments, with a disproportionately higher number of professors specializing in Western music compared to gugak. To address these issues, the following revisions to the music education curriculum in teacher training colleges are proposed. First, the curriculum should be overhauled to align with the Ministry of Education’s 2022 revised music curriculum and the 2023 basic required courses and fields. Second, the faculty composition of music education departments should be adjusted to reflect the appropriate balance between gugak and Western music as outlined in the national curriculum. Third, the Ministry of Education should implement stronger oversight of music teacher education curricula and faculty appointments to ensure that these proposed changes are effectively implemented.

Flüt Eğitimi’nde Dil Tekniklerinin Öğretimine Yönelik Bir Durum Analizi

This research aims to analyze the existing situation regarding the instruction of language techniques used in flute education. It was a descriptive-based qualitative study conducted using the case study pattern one of the qualitative research methods; therefore, a semi-structured interview form was prepared as the data collection tool. The population of the study consisted of flute teachers teaching in the Departments of Music Education of the Faculties of Education in Turkiye. In the research, a specific sampling method has not been preferred, and an attempt has been made to reach the entire population. Accordingly, all flute teachers teaching in the Departments of Music Education affiliated with the Faculties of Education at the universities that approved the study were contacted, and the study was conducted with 12 flute teachers who voluntarily agreed to participate. The data obtained with the interview form were analyzed by content analysis. The study concluded that all twelve participants included the topic of tongue techniques in the flute curriculum for eight semesters. Some participants used the "demonstration method" while others used the "lecturing method" to teach tongue techniques. Most of the flute teachers did not utilize teaching materials for tongue technique instruction. The syllables "tu, tu-ku, tu-ku-tu" were commonly used by flute teachers. The "Taffanel" sourcebook was the most frequently used resource for teaching tongue techniques. None of the teachers employed Turkish methods, and the problems encountered in relation to tongue techniques were often attributed to issues with hand and tongue coordination.

Postgraduate theses published in the field of preschool music education in Turkiye: a bibliographical study

Preschool music education is an important field that affects and shapes the whole life of the individual. Preschool music education, which has not become a separate discipline for many years, has become a separate field of study both in preschool departments and in units such as music education departments and music departments with the development of the university structure and the diversification of departments. Rapidly increasing scientific studies and new approaches every year indicate the need for this field. At this point, graduate theses that contribute to the literature are important. In this study, which aims to examine graduate theses published in the field of preschool music education in Türkiye from a bibliographic point of view, all theses between 1985, the date of the first thesis, and the present day were included in the study. The study sample was limited to theses registered in the Thesis Documentation Center of the Council of Higher Education and open to access, and 94 theses were included in the sample. In the study, theses were examined in terms of university, distribution according to the years they were written, types, institute, method used, research design, sample selection, sample scope, data collection tools and analysis methods used. Frequency (f) and percentage (%) were used to analyze the data and the results were shown in tables and figures. As a result of the research, it was found that most of the theses were written in 2019 at Gazi University, within the scope of Educational Sciences Institutes, and that quantitative methods were mostly used as methods in the theses, experimental models were used, sample selection was determined randomly, and children between 26-72 months were generally studied. While questionnaires were mostly used as data collection methods, it was concluded that frequency and percentage analysis methods were used. In line with the results of the research, it is thought that conducting bibliometric studies at certain intervals will contribute to the literature.

A Training Program for Evaluating Chinese Music Instructors’ Leadership Competencies in Universities in Chongqing, China

Background and Aims: The need for effective leadership within Chinese music education departments in Chongqing universities. This program likely aims to develop and assess leadership competencies specific to the unique context of Chinese music instruction, aligning with broader goals of enhancing educational quality and organizational effectiveness in higher education institutions. This study investigates leadership competencies among music instructors in higher education in Chongqing, China, utilizing a multi-institutional cross-sectional approach to discern the current and desired leadership competencies essential for effective music education. Methodology: By applying the Priority Needs Index (PNI) analysis, the research identifies exemplary pedagogical performance and collaborative teaching as pivotal areas that necessitate development to meet the evolving demands of music education. Results: The findings emphasize a significant inclination towards student-centered educational paradigms, highlighting the importance of creativity, emotional intelligence, and collaboration in contemporary music education. This shift underscores the necessity for pedagogical evolution and integrating innovative teaching methodologies. By pinpointing key leadership competencies and underscoring the critical role of professional development, this study contributes to the broader dialogue on enhancing music education in China. Actionable recommendations include the development of courses integrating leadership and innovation skills, establishing professional development programs emphasizing student-centered methodologies, and forming strategic partnerships with music organizations to expose educators and students to real-world leadership scenarios. These initiatives aim to foster a culture of innovation and adaptability, ensuring music education aligns with the demands of the 21st-century music profession. The study contributes to the ongoing conversation on enhancing music education leadership in Chinese higher education, providing insights for pedagogical advancement and professional development. Conclusion: The study emphasizes a move in music education toward student-centered methods and promotes the blending of creativity, emotional intelligence, and teamwork. By delineating fundamental leadership skills and promoting career advancement, it provides practical suggestions for promoting creativity and flexibility, enhancing the conversation about enhancing music education leadership in Chinese higher education.

BEHIND THE COMPUTER SCREEN: PERSPECTIVES ON INFORMATION ETHICS AMONG MUSIC EDUCATION STUDENTS

This study aims to understand the views and attitudes of students in the Music Education department at Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Education regarding informatics ethics. This research was conducted using a general survey model quantitative research design. The universe of the study comprised students in the Music Education department at Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Education. The selected sample, consisting of 73 students who volunteered to participate during the 2023-2024 Academic Year, was used for data collection. An information form created by the researchers and the "Real-Life Situation Scenarios with Informatics Ethics" (RLSSIE) Scale were employed in the data collection process. Overall, the students were found to have moderate views and attitudes toward information ethics. Demographic factors such as gender, age, and class level were observed to have a significant impact on ethical evaluations. Additionally, evaluations based on different scenarios revealed that participants were generally sensitive to ethical values. The influence of factors like residence and income perception on ethical views and attitudes was limited. Notably, participants who connected to the internet via mobile phones had higher ethical views and attitude scores compared to those using computers and tablets. However, the study observed that internet usage quotas did not have a significant impact on general ethical attitudes. The findings indicate that information ethics topics play a crucial role in overall ethical evaluations and suggest that individuals have a broad perspective.

THE EXAMINATION OF ETUDES USED IN PIANO EDUCATION

In the literature, there is a considerable number of piano etudes written by different composers for various proficiency levels. However, when the etude books are examined, it is observed that the technical studies are not listed in a systematic way. Piano teachers choose the etudes to be studied taking into consideration both the levels of their students and the techniques that could be challenging in the etudes they give to their students. In the present study, the etudes were examined in terms of the technical studies they included. This research was conducted in order to create a database according to the technical difficulties in the etudes. Therefore, the etudes were classified as study groups according to the type of studies they included. In the research, literature review method was used and Czerny op.599, Czerny op.299, Czerny op.136, Czerny op.636, Duvernoy op.176, Berens op.61, Burgmüller op.100 which are used in piano education were examined. The research was limited to the determined study books and 354 etudes were examined. The research was initiated by classifying the works in the etude books according to their tones. The etudes were then grouped according to their technical difficulties. After this grouping, each etude is classified in three levels according to the technical difficulty, as beginner (1), intermediate (2) and advanced (3). While making this leveling, the piano education course levels in Marmara University Music Education Department were taken as a basis. It has been observed that some etudes have more than one technical difficulty, and this type of etudes are included in the group by considering which study they are focusing more on.

Anxiety Level of the Music Teacher Candidates Studying Music Teaching in Türkiye

The most important factor negatively affecting individuals’ success in professional music education is anxiety of unemployment. For them, graduation from university means the beginning of a life of either employment or unemployment. Job selection plans about the role in real life, friendships, fear of unemployment, and other responsibilities are some of the factors creating anxiety. The aim of this research is to discover the professional anxieties of the music teacher candidates studying in music education departments. The study sought to investigate whether the professional anxiety of the teacher candidates varies depending on their gender, income level of their families, the way they studied musical teaching, and their grades. This research is a descriptive study conducted for the purpose of determining the “anxiety levels” of music teacher candidates in Turkey. The data was collected using a personal information form and the anxiety scales for teacher candidates. The sample group of the study consisted of 80 students studying in Marmara University. According to the study, meaningful variances exist between the variables such as “gender, grade, and income level of the family” and professional anxiety levels.

Evaluation of the Knowledge Levels of Students Studying in the Department of Music Education towards Western Music Theory and Practice Course

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, müzik eğitimi anabilim dalında okuyan öğrencilerin iki dönem batı müziği teori ve uygulama derslerini tamamladıktan sonraki bilgi düzeylerini belirlemektir. Çalışma grubunu oluşturan öğrenciler, Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Müzik Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı'nın 1., 2., 3. ve 4. sınıflarında öğrenim gören toplam 126 öğrencidir. Araştırma, betimsel tarama modeli kullanılarak tasarlanmış ve veri toplama araçları olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen batı müziği teori ve uygulama bilgi testi ile kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, Kruskall-Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, müzik eğitimi anabilim dalında okuyan öğrencilerin sadece iki dönem batı müziği teori ve uygulama derslerini almalarının, müziksel işitme, okuma ve yazma becerileri açısından yetersiz olduklarını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin mezun oldukları lise türü, ders sürelerini yeterli bulma düzeyleri ve üniversiteye başlamadan önce müziksel işitme, okuma ve yazma eğitimi almaları gibi değişkenler, batı müziği teori ve uygulama dersi başarı testi toplam puanları arasında anlamlı farklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu araştırma, müzik eğitimi anabilim dalında okuyan öğrencilerin batı müziği teori ve uygulama derslerine yönelik bilgilerini ölçmek amacıyla bir bilgi testi geliştirmenin yanı sıra, mevcut sınırlı çalışmalara katkı sağlayabilecek önemli bir araştırma olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Opinions of Music Education Department Students on Web 2.0 Tools: The Case of Bursa Uludag University

Abstract Introduction:Today, thanks to information technologies including Web 2.0 technology, educators can make their lessons more efficient and understandable. In addition, they can encourage active participation of students in this way. With the increase of online education applications during the Covid-19 epidemic in the world, the use of Web 2.0 tools in education has also increased. Methods:Explanatory design, one of the mixed research methods, was used in this research. Within the scope of this research, a questionnaire was applied to the participants to determine their perceptions about Web 2.0 tools, and then interviews were conducted with interview questions created in line with the analysis of quantitative data. 69 pre-service teachers from a large Turkish state university participated in the quantitative stage of the research and five students participated in the qualitative stage. Results: In line with the data obtained, it was concluded that the music teacher candidates’ perceptions of Web 2.0 tools were high. Discussion: In the survey application, which forms the basis of the quantitative step of the research, it is seen that the majority of students gave the answer “I agree” or “strongly agree” to survey items. Especially in 2020, with the Covid-19 pandemic worldwide, distance education been implemented for a while thanks to technology, and this situation brought teachers and students closer to technology and improved their usage skills. In addition, these skills are supported by the use of Web 2.0 tools and it is seen that teacher candidates also have a perception towards this. Limitations: The research was limited to 69 students who voluntarily accepted. Conclusions: Although Web 2.0 tools have not yet been used effectively by music students, the importance of these tools in terms of the active role of students in the course has been understood.

Distribution of Instrument Education Specialization of Academic Staff of Music Education Departments in Turkey

Distribution of Instrument Education Specialization of Academic Staff of Music Education Departments in Turkey

A Comparative Study of Student Selection Systems in Korean and American Teacher Training Universities Focusing on Music Teachers

This study aims to enhance the system for nurturing elementary school music teachers in South Korea through a comparative analysis with the United States, focusing on the student selection methods and curricular approaches in teacher training universities. By examining the differences between the two countries, particularly in relation to the admission process and the content of music education programs, this research seeks to identify potential areas for improvement in South Korea's teacher preparation system. The findings reveal significant differences between the two countries in their approach to selecting pre-music teachers. All 10 universities of education in Korea do not require applicants to demonstrate prior musical knowledge or proficiency in playing musical instruments for admission into the music education department. In contrast, the music education departments of the 10 universities in the United States mandate auditions, indicating a higher level of preparedness expected from applicants. It shows that minimum preparation to become a music teacher, handling musical instruments, basic musical knowledge has a great impact on teaching music and the teachers’ own efficacy.

Investigation of The Performance Anxiety of Music Teacher Candidates in Context of Various Variables (Example of Ankara Music and Fine Arts University)

Purpose: aim: The aim of this research is to determine whether the performance anxiety levels of students studying at Ankara Music and Fine Arts University, Faculty of Music and Fine Arts Education, Music Education department differ according to gender, grade level, individual instrument type and individual instrument success level.
 Design/Methodology: . Correlational survey model was used to describe the current situation in the research. The study group consists of 67 music teacher candidates who continue their education in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades of Ankara Music and Fine Arts University, Faculty of Music and Fine Arts Education, Department of Music Education in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory “K-MPAI” developed by Kenny, Davis, and Oates (2004) and adapted into Turkish by Özevin-Tokinan (2013) was used as a data collection tool in the study.
 Findings: The findings showed that teacher candidates have moderate performance anxiety. In the study, it was concluded that gender, individual instrument type and level of success were variables that caused a difference in the performance anxiety levels of teacher candidates, but the grade level was the variable that did not cause a difference in anxiety scores.

Opinions of lecturers in music education department about assessment and evaluation of the violin and viola exams

Trying to obtain reliable models for the assessment of instrumental performance in music education, which is a dimension of education, involves various challenges. The difficulties during the assessment become more complex, especially in instruments such as violin and viola, which require a large number of skills. The aim of this study is to determine how the assessment-evaluation process is carried out in violin and viola final exams in Music Education Departments in Turkey. The research is a qualitative study designed with a case study design. The study group consists of 22 lecturers conducting violin and viola courses in music education departments in 16 different universities in Turkey in the academic year 2022- 2023. The data collected through a semi-structured interview form were analyzed using descriptive and content analysis techniques. As a result of the study, it was seen that the participants mostly evaluated the students in the final exams with a commission consisting of string instruments instructors, however, a considerable number of instructors evaluated the students only by themselves. Most of the participants stated that they evaluated the students in the final exams on criteria such as violin viola grip, bow grip, application of bowing techniques, playing monophonic etudes, playing works or parts of works, musicality, physical setup, scale playing and arpeggio playing. The results that proper physical setup, proper violin viola grip and bow grip prevent physical problems, improve technical skills, contribute to correct intonation and increase tone quality are predominantly noticeable. It has been determined that playing scales and arpeggios creates a preliminary preparation for the etudes and pieces to be played by the student, applying different bowing techniques shows the level of the student, playing monophonic etudes provides technical gains and playing duophonic etudes contributes to intonation. It was concluded that playing a piece or part of a piece contributes to musicality, and playing with piano accompaniment enables the piece to be played in intonation, tempo and integrity by recognising its original form. In addition to these evaluation criteria mentioned by the participants, it was stated that students should be evaluated in terms of performance during the semester, attitude towards the exam, vocalization of maqam melodies, attendance to the lesson and awareness of the repertoire played in the exam.

Instructors’ Opinions on the Usage of Muammer Sun's Choral Works in the Department of Music Education

Instructors’ Opinions on the Usage of Muammer Sun's Choral Works in the Department of Music Education

An Investigation of the Piano Lessons Repertoire Applied in the Music Education Departments Based on the Views of Teaching Instructors

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the piano lessons repertoire applied in the Music Education Departments based on the views of the teaching instructors. For this particular purpose, the qualitative method was utilized in the study and a case study in accordance with this method was used. The study group of the study consisted of 10 instructors who were assigned by the easily accessible sampling method and who conducted piano lessons from five different Music Education Departments. The data of the study were collected by using semi-structured interview technique, which is one of the interview technique types. As the data collection tool, a "piano lesson instructor interview form" developed by the researcher was utilized. The qualitative data obtained as a result of the interviews were analyzed using the content analysis technique in accordance with the descriptive analysis stages. In the light of the findings analyzed under eight themes in the study, it was concluded that the instructors considered various criteria for the students, repertoire and course while generating the repertoire they used in the piano lessons applied in the Music Education Departments; that they definitely considered the course achievements, chose the works that met the achievements as much as possible, and planned the course according to these achievements; that they included the works from each period and also the Turkish works in the repertoire they used in order for students to recognize each period, to have the necessary information about these periods, to apply the rendering styles of each period and to gain technical and musical achievements by recognizing the whole piano literature; that they included various etudes and exercise from different composers; that they failed to prefer the works of different genres such as atonal, impressionist and popular music from the contemporary period for various reasons; and that they encountered various problems while creating a repertoire and furthermore, the piano literature which had a wide range, should not be restricted to a common repertoire to be used in the Music Education Departments.

Choral Activities in the Czech Republic During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The time of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent government restrictions, which included a ban on singing in public places and companies, proved to be challenging for choirs in the Czech Republic. When group singing was listed as a high-risk activity that could spread the virus, many choirs had to transfer their choral practices into the virtual space and perform their activities in a novel way. The following survey was initiated by Elvira Gadžijeva from the Department of Music Education at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice to investigate how the pandemic affected Czech choirs. The authors of this paper contribute to an important research topic related to the disruption of choral activities in the Czech Republic during the global pandemic. It presents the results of a questionnaire survey which was completed by choirs of various types from all over the country.

Development Of Music Aptitude Test Instruments For The Student Of Music Education Departement

It is necessary to develop a music aptitude test instrument as students, basic music knowledge is not optimally developed yet. Due to the inavailability of such instruments in the music education department, this study saimed to design and develop music aptitude test. The tests in used to measure students skills in understanding basic musical skills. This study used experimental quantitative approach. The findings resulted in 40 test items covering 8 teaching goals and 35 indicators aligned to the Semester Learning Plan (RPS) of solfeggio class. Further, the future research will focus on music aptitude test in audio form for the students.

Metaphorical Perceptions of Generation Z Music Education Students on the Concept of their Ideal Music Teacher

This research aims to reveal the perceptions of Generation Z music education students regarding the concept of music teachers in their ideals, through metaphors. The research was conducted with 92 Generation Z students studying in the music education departments of different universities in Turkey. The data was collected by having the students complete the sentence, “My ideal music teacher is like…because…”. The answers given were subjected to content analysis and the metaphors that the students produced for the concept were determined. Students produced 50 valid metaphors. These metaphors were grouped under five different categories. The categories determined in line with the metaphors produced by Generation Z music education students were listed from the most given metaphors to the least. As a result of the ranking, it was revealed that the students perceived their ideal music teacher as enlightening-directing and guiding, helpful and informative, loving-nurturing and supportive, necessary and reassuring, and a source of change and happiness. In line with the findings, it was concluded that Generation Z music education students idealized a music teacher who would enlighten and guide them rather than a teacher who conveyed information.

Musical problem-solving skills of music education students: An evaluation on performance

This research was conducted to examine the musical problem-solving skills of music education students during the process of studying a new piece of music. The correlational survey model was used to determine the musical problem-solving level of the students and the relationship between problem definition and resolution levels. The criterion sampling method was used to determine the participants of the study (i.e., 14 flute students from the department of music education). To collect the data, an observation form consisting of definition, synthesis and analysis steps, selected by the researchers for the basic musical problems of musical instruments education, consisting of tonality, articulation, nuance, tempo, interval and rhythmic patterns content, was used by using the 'Bridge Model' developed by Adair. Observation took place in three steps. Problem identification was the first step in solving a musical problem, which was to detect the existence of the problem, and students identified all other problems except for the nuance. In the synthesis step, we determined which of the options the students used to solve the problem she or he defined. Instead of using specific solutions to the problems, the students mostly preferred the option of playing the piece from beginning to end. In the analysis step of the musical problem, while the students were playing the musical piece from beginning to end, the results of the problems studied for the solution were evaluated. It was determined that the students did not have any problems with the tonality and rhythm of the work, but had difficulties in the analysis of articulation, interval and nuance. In addition, it was determined that there was a positive significant relationship between the students’ levels of defining and solving musical problems. According to the general results, students are able to define the problem, but cannot apply different approaches to how to solve the problem in the synthesis and solution stages. This research is limited to determine the situation of that based on individual practice performance on a single instrument. For this reason, future research can provide a detailed perspective on the cause of the problem by considering different instrument performances supported by student and teacher opinions. Keywords: Instrument training, musical problem-solving, study process, problem-solving skills.

A Research on the Content of the Flute Education Course Carried out in Faculty of Education Music Teacher Education Departments and Faculty of Fine Arts Music Departments in Turkey

One of the most important areas of music education is instrument education. Vocational music education, which is within the scope of music education in Turkey, is carried out in Education Faculties, Fine Arts Faculties, and State Conservatories in order to provide individuals with music as a profession. In these institutions, flute education is also included within the scope of “Individual Instrument” courses, where many instruments are available. In the research, the opinions of the lecturers working in different institutions were taken regarding the content of the flute education courses conducted in the Department of Music Education of Fine Arts Education Department and the Music Department of the Faculty of Fine Arts in Turkey. The research is important in order to show whether the students studying flute have achieved the goals of the flute education program, which they must earn in the four-year period, and that the students’ success in this regard can be increased. In this context, interview questions developed by the researcher and receiving expert opinions were applied to the study group, and the data obtained were tabulated and presented using the content analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods.