Department Of Demography Research Articles

Famine of 1946-1947: Causes, Consequences, Problems for Children's Health

The results of historical and medical analysis are presented: they show the situation related to the famine of 1946-1947 that covered several regions of the USSR and was caused by natural (drought), objective (Second World War consequences), and political (foreign and domestic economic policy of our government) factors. The aim of the study is to analyze the famine causes and consequences and the associated increase in child morbidity and mortality. The archival materials of USSR Ministry of Health fund, the demography department of USSR Central Statistical Office (CSU), USSR State Planning Committee reports, and works of historians, economists, demographers, and children health professional were declassified and studied to cover the issue. The information provided by researchers about human losses during the famine is very contradictory. The resumptive opinion of the demographer V.B. Zhiromskaya indicates that human losses due to famine were about 1 million people in USSR in 1947, including about 0.5 million people in RSFSR. The children population reached more than one third of the total population mortality. Population losses in 1947 exceeded losses in 1946 in RSFSR by 402,480 people according to the authors calculations. Among them almost a half (49.6%) were children aged 0-15 years, and 74.6% of them were infants. The leading causes of children mortality were dystrophy, gastrointestinal diseases, pneumonia, childhood infections, typhus fever, and tuberculosis. The Soviet government has taken several measures to provide medical care for patients with dystrophy, to expand the infant-feeding center network for providing children with food, and to create children's health areas with better nutrition. The implementation of all these measures saved thousands of children's lives from famine and related diseases. However, these measures cannot be considered totally sufficient due to extremely high rate of child mortality in hunger-affected areas.

تغییرات ساختار خانواده از منظر آمارهای ثبتی (مورد مطالعه: خراسان بزرگ)

چکیده به دلیل اهمیت تحولات جمعیتی ایران در چهار دهه­ اخیر، موضوع محوری این مقاله مسأله‌شناسی تغییر ساختار خانواده با استفاده از بررسی آمار وقایع حیاتی ولادت، ازدواج و طلاق موجود در آرشیو سازمان ثبت احوال کشور است. در تحلیل تغییرات ایجاد­شده در ساختار خانواده، از تئوری­های گذار جمعیتی، انتخاب عقلانی و جهانی­شدن، بهره گرفته شده ­است. با روش اسنادی و تحلیل ثانویه­، به بررسی آمارهای ولادت، ازدواج، طلاق، میانگین سن مادران، تغییر گروه­های سنی مادران، مقایسه ازدواج زنان و باروری براساس گروه سنی، تغییرات نسبت 100 ازدواج به طلاق، پرداخته شده­است. نتیجه مطالعات نشان داد آمارهای وقایع حیاتی از سال 1395-1355 در استان­های خراسان بزرگ، علاوه بر تأثیر سیاست­های اجرائی­شده، گویای تغییر در نگرش و عملکرد خانواده و در نتیجه، کاهش فرزندآوری، کاهش تمایل به تشکیل خانواده و ازدواج و رشد قابل تأمل طلاق ­است. میانگین سن مادران در هر سه استان افزایش یافته­است. بیشترین ولادت در استان­های مذکور به مادران 29-25 سال و کمترین فرزندآوری به مادران بالای 49 سال اختصاص دارد. نتیجه مقایسه ولادت­های سال 1397 با 1389 براساس گروه سنی مادران، نشان داد که رتبه اول فرزندآوری از مادران 24-20 سال به 29-25 سال و رتبه دوم ولادت از مادران 29-25 سال به 34-30 سال تغییر یافته­است که این امر نشان از بالارفتن سن فرزندآوری مادران در استان­های مذکور دارد. زنان کمتر از 15-24 سال ساکن روستا، بیشتر از زنان شهری در بازه سنی مشابه اقدام به فرزندآوری می­کنند. بر مبنای تئوری گذار دوم جمعیتی، هرچه توسعه­یافتگی در جامعه­ای بالاتر می­رود، میزان باروری و ازدواج در آن کاهش و طلاق رشد می­یابد. از طرفی تشدید روابط اجتماعی بدون مرز در قالب شبکه­های گسترده ارتباطی و ارزیابی عقلانی والدین از منافع اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی داشتن فرزند، موجب تغییر نگرش و ارزش­ها در خانواده شده و زمینه تغییر ساختار خانواده را در استان­های مذکور فراهم نموده ­است.Changes in family structure from the perspective of registration statistics(Case study: Great Khorasan) Mahbobeh Jafari Baee[1]Ali Rahmani Firoozjah[2]Yaghoob Forootan[3]Manochehr Pahlavan[4] AbstractDue to the importance of demographic changes in Iran in the last four decades, the central theme of this article is the problem of family structure change using a review of vital events of birth, marriage, and divorce in the archives of the Civil Registration Organization. Theories of demographic transition, rational choice, and globalization have been used to analyze changes in family structure. Documentary method and secondary analysis have examined the statistics of births, marriages, divorces, the average age of mothers, changes in mothers' age groups, comparison of women's marriages and fertility by age group, changes in the ratio of 100 marriages to divorces. The results of studies showed that: Statistics of essential events from 1355 to 1395 in the provinces of Greater Khorasan, in addition to the impact of implemented policies, indicate a change in family attitudes and practices and, consequently, reduced fertility, reduced desire to start a family and marriage and There has been considerable growth in divorce. The average age of mothers has increased in all three provinces. The highest number of births in the mentioned provinces is mothers aged 25-25 and the lowest number of children to mothers over 49 years old. The result of comparing births in 1397 with 1389 based on the age group of mothers showed that the first rank of childbearing from mothers aged 20-24 to 25 to 29 years and the second rank of births from mothers aged 25-25 years has changed to 30-30 years, which indicates an increase in maternal age. It has in the mentioned provinces. Women under the age of 15 to 24 living in rural areas are more likely to have children than urban women in the same age group. According to the second population transition theory, the higher the development in a society, the higher the fertility rate, the lower the marriage rate, and the higher the divorce rate. On the other hand, the intensification of borderless social relations in the form of extensive communication networks and parents' rational evaluation of the economic, social, and cultural benefits of having a child, has changed attitudes and values ​​in the family and provided the basis for changing family structure.Keywords: family structure, birth, marriage, divorce, age group of mothers, demographic transition [1] .Ph.D student in sociology, Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, mahbobejafari95@gmail.com[2] .Associate professor, Sociology Department, Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, Corresponding Author, arf1348@gmail.com[3] .Associate professor, Demography Department, Social Sciences, Mazandran University, y.foroutan@umz.ac.ir[4]. Assistant professor, Sociology Department, Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, mpahlavan1967@gmail.com­­

Interconnection of Prime Service on Organization’s Public Sector: A Study on Department of Demography and Civil Record of Manado City’s Government North Sulawesi Province

Interconnection of Prime Service on Organization’s Public Sector: A Study on Department of Demography and Civil Record of Manado City’s Government North Sulawesi Province

ЗДОРОВЬЕ В СУБЪЕКТИВНЫХ ОЦЕНКАХ СОСТОЯЩИХ В БРАКЕ ГОРОДСКИХ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ

Significance. The self-assessment of the health of Russians, as well as the real indicators of health, is lower than in the developed countries of the world. Studies of this indicator can serve as a scientific basis for the development and implementation of preventive programs in the field of health and a healthy lifestyle. Purpose: determining the place of health in the hierarchy of values, establishing the level of satisfaction with health, and the characteristics of health self-assessments among married urban residents. Material and Methods. Research of the Family Sociology and Demography Department of the Sociological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University (2018-2019) “Interregional sociological and demographic study of the family-child lifestyle values” (SeDOJ-2019), supplemented by data from the European Social Survey (8th and 9th waves, 2016, 2018-2019) and Rosstat data. Results. The analysis shows that health occupies a leading position among life values. The value of health is higher for the elderly, as well as for those who are in a registered marriage and have children. Self-assessments of health and marital status are not unambiguously related, at younger ages there is practically no dependence on status, with increasing age it becomes positive, especially for men. An increase in the number of children in a family has practically no effect on the subjective assessments of women's health and has a positive effect on men's self-assessments. Satisfaction with the children's health grows with the growth of the number of children among respondents of both sexes. Higher levels of education and income have a positive effect on self-reported health and satisfaction. There is an inverse relationship between age and self-assessments of health, as in the whole world, but in Russia, the fall in self-assessments with age is deeper and occurs at younger ages than in Western Europe. Scope of application. The data presented in the article can serve as the basis for a differentiated policy aimed at increasing the value of health, improving the degree of its implementation in the practices of self-preserving behavior, as well as strengthening the intrafamily transmission of healthy lifestyle values in Russian society.

PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG BAHAYA KEHAMILAN USIA MUDA DI SMA NEGERI 1 BAREGBEG KABUPATEN CIAMIS

Background of the study, puberty is a stage which the high development growth happen. Reproductive case happens to teenager not only physical body, mentality, emotional but also economic and prosperity in long period. Sexuality of teenager is at risk of disease and reproductive health problem such as per-married intimacy that cause early stage of pregnancy. The study aimed at observing the teenagers’ knowledge of early stage pregnancy risk at Senior High School 1 Baregbeg, Ciamis Regency in 2019. This study employed descriptive method which the population were 168 students and the samples were 118 students.The result of the study showed that teenagers’ knowledge of early stage pregnancy risk at Senior High School 1 Baregbeg, there were 62 (52.5%) uneducated teenagers, 40 (33.9%) fair educated and 16 (13.6%) well-educated teenagers. Conclusion and suggestion, it is expected that parents and educational staff could be collaborated with medical assistant and institutional association such midwife or demography department, family planning and birth control, women empowerment and child protection commission in introducing and counceling information about reproductive health of teenager in early stage.

Переход во взрослую жизнь: сравнение Северного Кавказа с общероссийской картиной

Статья представляет анализ количественных данных, касающихся специфики процесса взросления индивида на Северном Кавказе. Исследование построено на материале общероссийского репрезентативного обследования «Человек, семья, общество», проведенного в 2013 г. В фокус наблюдения попали поколения 1970–1994 гг. рождения. Мы сравнили наступление событий, маркирующих взросление у жителей северокавказских республик с регионами России по следующим характеристикам: по частоте, возрасту, интенсивности и последовательности наступления событий. События, маркирующие взросление, разбиты на две группы: социодемографические(первая интимная близость, первое партнерство, первый брак и первое деторождение) и социоэкономические (завершение получения образования, первое отделение от родителей и первое трудоустройство). Показано, что на Северном Кавказе сохраняются более традиционные модели перехода во взрослую жизнь, нежели в остальных российских регионах: события в брачной и репродуктивной сферах наступают с более короткими интервалами, то есть сильно обуславливают друг друга; браки остаются превалирующей формой совместного проживания; деторождение происходит в более раннем возрасте и интенсивнее, чем в других регионах; гендерные различия в социодемографическом поведении почти отсутствуют, а в социально-экономическом – выражены сильнее, чем в другихрегионах. Тем не менее представленные данные указывают и на некоторые признаки демографической модернизации. Так, у молодых северокавказских мужчин (но не у женщин) наблюдается большее по сравнению с предшествующими поколениями разнообразие в последовательности событий, связанных с взрослением, то есть единая для всех норма заменяется разнообразием жизненных путей.

Молодые женщины в органах государственного управления России: факторы, определяющие карьерные траектории

Ольга Генриховна Исупова – PhD in Sociology, доцент, старший научный сотрудник, Институт демографии, Центр демографических исследований, НИУ ВШЭ, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: oisupova@hse.ru
 Валерия Владимировна Уткина – старший преподаватель, факультет социальных наук, департамент государственного и муниципального управления НИУ ВШЭ, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: utkinavv@hse.ru
 Статья посвящена изучению позиции женщин в органах государственного управления Российской Федерации. Анализируются 32 полуструктурированных интервью с молодыми женщинами, имеющими опыт работы на госслужбе. Интервью подвергнуты анализу с целью выявления основных тем, важных для этой группы женщин в связи с особенностями их деятельности. Изучаются их представления о том, является ли работа в органах государственной власти «подходящей» для женщин, и почему они в этой отрасли присутсвуют на всех должностях, кроме самых высоких. С одной стороны, мы выявили устойчивый стереотип в отношении разделения сфер труда на мужскую (власть, ответственность) и женскую (работа помощника, организатора или более творческая, но, скорее, индивидуальная – например, аналитик). С другой – отмечаются противоположные взгляды, характеризующие изучаемую группу женщин как обладающую высокой самооценкой и стремящуюся к «экспертной» самореализации. Таким образом, согласно оценкам наших собеседниц, женщины во властных структурах, как правило, не стремятся к высшим ступеням власти. Тем не менее их профессиональные стремления нацелены на самореализацию в карьере «специалиста в своей области»: рутинный труд их не удовлетворяет, проблематичной является низкая зарплата, женщины стремятся различными способами (должностной рост, длительные рабочие часы, переход в другую сферу деятельности) повысить зарплату. Это связано с их высоким уровнем образования, обуславливающего определенные притязания и самоуважение. Отсутствие стремления к высоким должностям у большинства связывается с тем, что для женщины продвижение по службе часто ассоциируется с невозможностью «личной жизни», которая требует времени и сил, а также баланса между домом и работой.

Population and development: a festschrift in honour of Professor K. A. P. Siddhisena, Department of Demography, University of Colombo edited by Lakshman Dissanayaka and Swarna Ukwatte

The Felicitation Volume in honour of Prof. Siddhisena titled Population and Development contains 16 articles, of which the first provides a biographical sketch of Emeritus Professor Siddhisena. In this biographical sketch, Dr. Sunetra Perera places on record the lifetime work of Prof. Siddhisena, which would enable junior academics and students to recognise his immense contribution to the discipline of Demography as an academic as well as an academic administrator and motivate them to emulate him for their own career development. It is followed by a list of Prof. Siddhisena’s publications in international and national peer-reviewed journals and research papers in conferences.The breadth of his academic interests span demography, poverty, livelihood support, labour force and manpower, alcoholism, trafficking of women and children, urbanisation and migration. It is significant that four of the chapters are contributions from eminent foreign academics with international repute: Graeme Hugo, former Australian Professorial Fellow, Professor of Geography and Director of the Australian Population and Migration Centre, University of Adeaide; Deborah S. Degraff, Professor, Department of Economics, Bowden College, Brunswick, USA, Rebecca Wong, Professor, University of Texas Medical Branch, Sealy Center on Aging, Galveston, Texas, USA; David Lucas and Barbara Edgar of the Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute, Australian National University and Gouranga Lal Dasvarma, Adjunct Associate Professor in Population Studies, School of Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide. Of the sixteen chapters, three focus on the elderly and aging, two on Sri Lankans in Australia, two on economic development, two on migration, and one each on under five mortality, differential educational attainment, morbidity and mortality in Sri Lanka, global poverty, development and conservation, cognitive/mental mapping for research and population growth and lawlessness in colonial Sri Lanka. As such it is a truly comprehensive volume spanning several major areas of concern.

Factors affecting the survival probability of becoming a centenarian for those aged 70, based on the human mortality database: income, health expenditure, telephone, and sanitation.

BackgroundWhat are the factors that affect the survival probability of becoming a centenarian for those aged 70? Do the factors include income, health expenditure, the use of mobile telephones, or sanitation? The survival probability of becoming a centenarian (SPBC) is defined as an estimate of the production of centenarians by a population. The SPBC (70) is the survival probability of becoming a centenarian for those aged 70. This study estimates the associations between the SPBC (70), and the gross national income, health expenditure, telecommunications, and sanitation facilities in 32 countries.MethodsThe socioeconomic indicators for this study were obtained from the database of the United Nations Development Programme. In addition, the data for the analysis of centenarians in 32 countries were obtained from the Human Mortality Database, which is maintained by the Department of Demography at the University of California, Berkeley, USA, and the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany. Associations between socioeconomic indicators and SPBC (70) were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression models.ResultsSignificant positive correlations were found between the SPBC (70), and the socioeconomic factors of gross national income (GNI), public expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product (PEHGDP), fixed and mobile telephone subscribers (FMTS) as the standard of living, and improved sanitation facilities (ISF). Overall, the SPBC (70) of female and male predictors were used, in order to form a model production of centenarians, with higher GNI and PEHGDP, as well as higher FMTS and ISF as the socioeconomic factors (R2= 0.422, P< 0.001).ConclusionsThe socioeconomic level in all 32 countries appears to have an important latent effect on the production of centenarians in both females and males. This study has identified the following four important aspects of socioeconomic indicators in the survival probability of becoming a centenarian for those aged 70: higher overall economic development level, public expenditure on health, mobile telephone subscribers as the standard of living, and the use of improved sanitation facilities for healthy aging. Thus, the socioeconomic level seems to affect an important on the survival probability of becoming a centenarian.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2318-14-113) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

60 let statistiky na Vysoké škole ekonomické v Praze

For all 60 years of the existence of the University of Economics, Prague (UEP) was statistics one of the taught compulsory course, and here also took place the specialized studies of statistics, which predecessor was Statistical and Actuarial engineering at the University of Special Sciences (within the Czech Technical University). The article focuses on the 50's, when at the UEP existed the independent Faculty of Statistics and when the lessons of statistics were difficulty exempted from the Stalinist dogmatism. Between the personalities is mentioned prof. Benedikt Korda (1914-2010), who was the most famous person in the first period of Faculty, (there will be mentioned his remarkable CV), prof. Lubomír Cyhelský (*1929), who was the head of the department in 1962-1990, and prof. Jiří Likeš (1929-1994) as well, who was internationally acclaimed scientists in the theory of probability and mathematical statistics, whose name is used for one of the greatest lecture hall at the University. Since 1991 there exist at the Faculty of Informatics and Statistics the Department of Statistics and Probability (17 internal teachers and 13 internal PhD students), the Department of Economic Statistics (6 + 3) and the Department of Demography (6 + 4).

Being Neighbors to Imam Reza: Pilgrimage Practices and Return Intentions of Hazara Afghans Living in Mashhad, Iran

Many Shi'a Afghan refugees and migrants—most of whom are Hazara—have intentionally settled in Mashhad, Iran, the home of the Shrine of Imam Reza. Hazara also make pilgrimage to the Shrine of Imam Hossein located in Kerbala, Iraq. Hazara comprise nearly half of all documented Afghans in Iran, yet until mid-2005, their returns comprised only one quarter of the total UNHCR-assisted return figures to Afghanistan. Drawing on literature from anthropology and refugee studies on the affect of religious practice in a context of displacement, this article considers whether pilgrimage aspirations and practices of Hazara Afghans in Iran might constitute a factor in their decision making about repatriation to Afghanistan. The study proposes that the decision to return to Afghanistan for certain categories of Hazara is influenced by their pilgrimage practices and attachment to Shrine locations in Iran. This paper is based on the findings of a postdoctoral study undertaken by the first author during October and November 2003 while she was a visiting scholar in the Department of Demography at the University of Tehran, Iran, and a multi-sited study of Afghans in Iran undertaken by the two authors in 2005, in collaboration with Hossein Mahmoudian, Gholamreza Jamishidiha and Rasoul Sadeghi at the University of Tehran.

Sources for the Study of Brazilian Economic and Social History on the Internet

Sources for the Study of Brazilian Economic and Social History on the Internet

Bielefeld School of Public Health celebrates 10th anniversary

The only fully established School of Public Health in Germany, the SPH at Bielefeld University, recently celebrated its 10th anniversary in a festive ceremony. The School looks back over 10 very successful years in teaching and research best described by the growth in student numbers, chairs and extramural research grants. From a modest starting position in 1989 when teaching staff from various university faculties together with experts from a range of collaborating institutions first offered a Master of Public Health course, the School as an independent university faculty was inaugurated in 1994 when the University and the Government of NorthrhineWestphalia where Bielefeld is situated realized the obvious developmental potential in this field. Until today more than 800 students have successfully graduated from the School, which is currently staffed by 10 professors and 75 scientific staff in 8 departments. Apart from the highly successful MPH course, the School now offers a new Bachelor degree in health communication (BHC) with an annual number of 75 students, a PhD programme and a correspondance distance learning course in applied health sciences. In addition a Master of Science in epidemiology (MSE) is offered for those wishing to specialize in quantitative research. MPH students can obtain an additional degree of European Master of Public Health since Bielefeld is actively involved in the respective ASPHER activity. The Bielefeld School offers a range of scientific disciplines to its students and research partners. The departments comprise social epidemiology and health systems research, public health medicine, epidemiology and international public health, prevention and health promotion, health economics and management, nursing sciences and healthcare research as well as environment and health. Recently the new department of demography and health was opened, thus adding a highly relevant research field to the portfolio of the School. In terms of research activities the SPH has been able to attract more than 30 million Euros extramural research funding in the past 10 years, both from national and international sources. The research interests center around issues of health care research, child and youth health, quality in health care and environmental and infectious health hazards to name only a few. Reflecting public health as an interdisciplinary science the different departments aim at close collaboration in research and teaching. Internationally, the SPH is a WHO collaborating centre for child and adolescent health promotion, and the school also hosts several regional research co-ordination centers. For the future the Bielefeld School of Public Health will focus on the consolidation and further development of its now well established teaching programme and a decisive strengthening of research capacities. Closer ties with international partners are at the core of ongoing and future developments and grant-supported university partnerships with institutions in India and Turkey are currently being established. In this line Bielefeld SPH also looks forward very much to hosting the ASPHER Deans and Directors’ meeting in 2005.

A Poisson log-bilinear regression approach to the construction of projected lifetables

This paper implements Wilmoth’s [Computational methods for fitting and extrapolating the Lee–Carter model of mortality change, Technical report, Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley] and Alho’s [North American Actuarial Journal 4 (2000) 91] recommendation for improving the Lee–Carter approach to the forecasting of demographic components. Specifically, the original method is embedded in a Poisson regression model, which is perfectly suited for age–sex-specific mortality rates. This model is fitted for each sex to a set of age-specific Belgian death rates. A time-varying index of mortality is forecasted in an ARIMA framework. These forecasts are used to generate projected age-specific mortality rates, life expectancies and life annuities net single premiums. Finally, a Brass-type relational model is proposed to adapt the projections to the annuitants population, allowing for estimating the cost of adverse selection in the Belgian whole life annuity market.

A Biographical Essay on Judith Blake's Professional Career and Scholarship

Judith Blake was born and raised primarily in New York City; she received her BS degree magna cum laude from Columbia University in 1951 and her PhD in 1961. She had a remarkable and sustained record of scholarly contributions, which can be divided into five interrelated periods differentiated by a combination of substantive emphases, methodological approaches, and time periods. Blake was the founding Chair of the Group in Demography at the University of California, Berkeley, which became the first demography department in the United States. She subsequently was the first incumbent of the Fred N. Bixby Chair in Population Policy at the School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles, with a joint appointment in sociology. Blake served on numerous university and professional committees and boards and was elected President of the Population Association of America in 1981, the association’s fiftieth anniversary. At the time of her death (1993), Blake was Editor of the Annual Review of Sociology. Judith Blake was a dynamic and creative researcher and teacher who left a strong legacy in her research, the students she taught, and the friends and colleagues she influenced.

The Polish in Australia Roland, Sussex and JerzyZubrzycki (eds). 1985. Polish People and Culture in Australia, Canberra: Department of Demography, Australian National University, Immigration Monograph Series No. 2, ix, 223 pp.

The Polish in Australia Roland, Sussex and JerzyZubrzycki (eds). 1985. Polish People and Culture in Australia, Canberra: Department of Demography, Australian National University, Immigration Monograph Series No. 2, ix, 223 pp.

Reviews

Reviews

Young People Leaving Home in Australia by Christabel Young Published jointly, Australian National University, Department of Demography and the Australian Institute of Family Studies, Canberra, 1987. 188pp. PB: $10.50

Young People Leaving Home in Australia by Christabel Young Published jointly, Australian National University, Department of Demography and the Australian Institute of Family Studies, Canberra, 1987. 188pp. PB: $10.50 - Volume 12 Issue 4

FRANCE AND AUSTRALIAMarchant, Leslie R. France Australe: A Study of French Explorations and Attempts to Found a Penal Colony and Strategic Base in South Western Australia, 1503–1826 . Perth: Artlook Books, 1982. Pp. 384.Stuer, Anny P.L. The French in Australia . Canberra: Department of Demography, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, 1982. Pp. 249. (Immigration Monograph Series, 2).Nisbet, Anne-Marie

FRANCE AND AUSTRALIAMarchant, Leslie R. <i>France Australe: A Study of French Explorations and Attempts to Found a Penal Colony and Strategic Base in South Western Australia, 1503–1826</i> . Perth: Artlook Books, 1982. Pp. 384.Stuer, Anny P.L. <i>The French in Australia</i> . Canberra: Department of Demography, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, 1982. Pp. 249. (Immigration Monograph Series, 2).Nisbet, Anne-Marie

Asking Demographic Questions

This monograph is based on a number of seminars given in the Demography Department of the Australian National University in 1982 and 1983. A major justification for the series was the feeling that when demographic questions were included in an interview schedule or questionnaire researchers were often unaware of all the advantages and disadvantages related to particular forms of these questions. Chapter 1 on household identification uses questions on relationship to the head of household to identify the members of a household. Chapter 2 on personal names begins with a discussion of whether names are needed at all. To know the sex of the respondent is a basic requirement but chapter 3 explains gender which refers to cultural rather than biological differences. Chapter 4 deals with age. Chapters 5 and 6 discuss nuptiality and fertility. Chapter 7 covers mortality. Chapters 8 9 and 10 discuss birth intervals breast feeding and current use of contraception. Chapter 11 and 12 cover reasons for migration and internal migration. Chapter 13 deals with education and literacy chapter 14 considers occupation and chapter 15 covers ethnicity.