Department Of Criminology Research Articles

PROTOCOL: Displacement of Crime and Diffusion of Crime Control Benefits in Large‐Scale Geographic Areas

*Lead Reviewer: David Weisburd, Ph.D. Walter E. Meyer Professor of Law and Criminal Justice Director, Institute of Criminology Faculty of Law The Hebrew University Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel msefrat@mscc.huji.ac.il & Department of Criminology, Law and Society Director, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy George Mason University 4400 University Drive MS6D3 Fairfax, VA 22030 USA Phone: 703.993.4079 Fax: 703.993.6020 dweisbur@gmu.edu

Authors’ Response

Journal of Forensic SciencesVolume 54, Issue 6 p. 1500-1501 Authors’ Response Dan E. Krane Ph.D., Dan E. Krane Ph.D. Wright State University—Biological Sciences, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435-0001.Search for more papers by this authorSimon Ford Ph.D., Simon Ford Ph.D. Lexigen Science and Law Consultants, Inc., San Francisco, CA.Search for more papers by this authorJason R. Gilder Ph.D., Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. Forensic Bioinformatics, Inc., Fairborn, OH.Search for more papers by this authorKeith Inman M.Crim., Keith Inman M.Crim. Forensic Analytical Sciences, Inc., Hayward, CA.Search for more papers by this authorAllan Jamieson Ph.D., Allan Jamieson Ph.D. The Forensic Institute, Glasgow, UK.Search for more papers by this authorRoger Koppl Ph.D., Roger Koppl Ph.D. Fairleigh Dickinson University, Institute for Forensic Science Administration, Madison, NJ.Search for more papers by this authorIrving L. Kornfield Ph.D., Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. University of Maine, Molecular Forensics Laboratory, Orono, ME.Search for more papers by this authorD. Michael Risinger J.D., D. Michael Risinger J.D. Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ.Search for more papers by this authorNorah Rudin Ph.D., Norah Rudin Ph.D. Forensic DNA Consultant, Mountain View, CA.Search for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D., William C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California, Irvine, CA.Search for more papers by this authorMarc S. Taylor B.S., Marc S. Taylor B.S. Technical Associates, Inc., Ventura, CA.Search for more papers by this author Dan E. Krane Ph.D., Dan E. Krane Ph.D. Wright State University—Biological Sciences, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435-0001.Search for more papers by this authorSimon Ford Ph.D., Simon Ford Ph.D. Lexigen Science and Law Consultants, Inc., San Francisco, CA.Search for more papers by this authorJason R. Gilder Ph.D., Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. Forensic Bioinformatics, Inc., Fairborn, OH.Search for more papers by this authorKeith Inman M.Crim., Keith Inman M.Crim. Forensic Analytical Sciences, Inc., Hayward, CA.Search for more papers by this authorAllan Jamieson Ph.D., Allan Jamieson Ph.D. The Forensic Institute, Glasgow, UK.Search for more papers by this authorRoger Koppl Ph.D., Roger Koppl Ph.D. Fairleigh Dickinson University, Institute for Forensic Science Administration, Madison, NJ.Search for more papers by this authorIrving L. Kornfield Ph.D., Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. University of Maine, Molecular Forensics Laboratory, Orono, ME.Search for more papers by this authorD. Michael Risinger J.D., D. Michael Risinger J.D. Seton Hall University School of Law, Newark, NJ.Search for more papers by this authorNorah Rudin Ph.D., Norah Rudin Ph.D. Forensic DNA Consultant, Mountain View, CA.Search for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D., William C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California, Irvine, CA.Search for more papers by this authorMarc S. Taylor B.S., Marc S. Taylor B.S. Technical Associates, Inc., Ventura, CA.Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 October 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01192.xCitations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume54, Issue6November 2009Pages 1500-1501 RelatedInformation

Authors’ Response

Journal of Forensic SciencesVolume 54, Issue 2 p. 501-501 Authors’ Response Dan E. Krane Ph.D., Dan E. Krane Ph.D. Wright State University, Dayton, OHE-mail: Dan.Krane@wright.eduSearch for more papers by this authorSimon Ford Ph.D., Simon Ford Ph.D. Lexigen Science and Law Consultants, Inc., San Francisco, CASearch for more papers by this authorJason R. Gilder Ph.D., Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. Forensic Bioinformatics, Inc., Fairborn, OHSearch for more papers by this authorKeith Inman M.Crim., Keith Inman M.Crim. Forensic Analytical Sciences, Inc., Hayward, CASearch for more papers by this authorAllan Jamieson Ph.D., Allan Jamieson Ph.D. The Forensic Institute, Glasgow, UKSearch for more papers by this authorRoger Koppl Ph.D., Roger Koppl Ph.D. Institute for Forensic Science Administration, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJSearch for more papers by this authorIrving L. Kornfield Ph.D., Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. University of Maine, Orono, MESearch for more papers by this authorD. Michael Risinger J.D., D. Michael Risinger J.D. Seton Hall University School of Law, South Orange, NJSearch for more papers by this authorNorah Rudin Ph.D., Norah Rudin Ph.D. Mountain View, CASearch for more papers by this authorMarc Scott Taylor, Marc Scott Taylor Technical Associates, Inc., Ventura, CASearch for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D., William C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California, Irvine, CASearch for more papers by this author Dan E. Krane Ph.D., Dan E. Krane Ph.D. Wright State University, Dayton, OHE-mail: Dan.Krane@wright.eduSearch for more papers by this authorSimon Ford Ph.D., Simon Ford Ph.D. Lexigen Science and Law Consultants, Inc., San Francisco, CASearch for more papers by this authorJason R. Gilder Ph.D., Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. Forensic Bioinformatics, Inc., Fairborn, OHSearch for more papers by this authorKeith Inman M.Crim., Keith Inman M.Crim. Forensic Analytical Sciences, Inc., Hayward, CASearch for more papers by this authorAllan Jamieson Ph.D., Allan Jamieson Ph.D. The Forensic Institute, Glasgow, UKSearch for more papers by this authorRoger Koppl Ph.D., Roger Koppl Ph.D. Institute for Forensic Science Administration, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJSearch for more papers by this authorIrving L. Kornfield Ph.D., Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. University of Maine, Orono, MESearch for more papers by this authorD. Michael Risinger J.D., D. Michael Risinger J.D. Seton Hall University School of Law, South Orange, NJSearch for more papers by this authorNorah Rudin Ph.D., Norah Rudin Ph.D. Mountain View, CASearch for more papers by this authorMarc Scott Taylor, Marc Scott Taylor Technical Associates, Inc., Ventura, CASearch for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D., William C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California, Irvine, CASearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 February 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.00990.xCitations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume54, Issue2March 2009Pages 501-501 RelatedInformation

Switch On the Night: Policies for Smarter Lighting

It was an August afternoon in 2003 when the lights went out on Broadway, and for that matter, throughout most of the Northeast, Midwest, and Ontario—a power blackout left 50 million customers in the dark overnight. Despite complaints about the inconveniences, the stranded commuters, and the food spoilage in restaurants and markets, many city dwellers were also awed; as evening came on, they gazed upward, and between the dark skyscrapers they could see something amazing—the starry night sky. The New York Times reported spontaneous stargazing gatherings in the usually electrified cities of the Northeast.

Population-Based Examination of the Relationship Between Type of First Admission for Schizophrenia and Outcomes

Population-Based Examination of the Relationship Between Type of First Admission for Schizophrenia and Outcomes

Promoting the Theory and Practice of Criminology: The Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology and Its Founding Moment

The Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology was an initiative of Australia's first criminology department, at Melbourne, from where the proposal to establish a journal also evolved. The society was of its time, its priorities reflecting above all the negligible research knowl-edge of crime and criminal justice in the antipodes. But local initiative had a regional (Asia-Pacific) and international (disciplinary as well as geo -graphical) context. In this article I explore some of this context, consider the ways in which it delayed the establishment of the almost contempora-neous Australian Institute of Criminology, and discuss the potential of a regional engagement that was only partly fulfilled in subsequent years. In doing so I also ask how adequate are interpretations of criminology's mid-century history as above all conservative, pragmatic, technocratic and administrative.

Sequential Unmasking: A Means of Minimizing Observer Effects in Forensic DNA Interpretation

Journal of Forensic SciencesVolume 53, Issue 4 p. 1006-1007 Sequential Unmasking: A Means of Minimizing Observer Effects in Forensic DNA Interpretation Dan E. Krane Ph.D., Dan E. Krane Ph.D. Department of Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OHSearch for more papers by this authorSimon Ford Ph.D., Simon Ford Ph.D. Lexigen Science and Law Consultants, Inc., San Francisco, CASearch for more papers by this authorJason R. Gilder Ph.D., Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. Forensic Bioinformatics, Inc., Fairborn, OHSearch for more papers by this authorKeith Inman M.Crim., Keith Inman M.Crim. Forensic Analytical Sciences, Inc., Hayward, CASearch for more papers by this authorAllan Jamieson Ph.D., Allan Jamieson Ph.D. The Forensic Institute, Glasgow, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorRoger Koppl Ph.D., Roger Koppl Ph.D. Institute for Forensic Science Administration, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJSearch for more papers by this authorIrving L. Kornfield Ph.D., Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. Department of Biology and Molecular Forensics, University of Maine, Orono, MESearch for more papers by this authorD. Michael Risinger J.D., D. Michael Risinger J.D. Seton Hall University School of Law, South Orange, NJSearch for more papers by this authorNorah Rudin Ph.D., Norah Rudin Ph.D. Private forensic DNA consultant, Mountain View, CASearch for more papers by this authorMarc Scott Taylor, Marc Scott Taylor Technical Associates, Inc., Ventura, CASearch for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D., William C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California, Irvine, CASearch for more papers by this author Dan E. Krane Ph.D., Dan E. Krane Ph.D. Department of Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OHSearch for more papers by this authorSimon Ford Ph.D., Simon Ford Ph.D. Lexigen Science and Law Consultants, Inc., San Francisco, CASearch for more papers by this authorJason R. Gilder Ph.D., Jason R. Gilder Ph.D. Forensic Bioinformatics, Inc., Fairborn, OHSearch for more papers by this authorKeith Inman M.Crim., Keith Inman M.Crim. Forensic Analytical Sciences, Inc., Hayward, CASearch for more papers by this authorAllan Jamieson Ph.D., Allan Jamieson Ph.D. The Forensic Institute, Glasgow, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorRoger Koppl Ph.D., Roger Koppl Ph.D. Institute for Forensic Science Administration, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJSearch for more papers by this authorIrving L. Kornfield Ph.D., Irving L. Kornfield Ph.D. Department of Biology and Molecular Forensics, University of Maine, Orono, MESearch for more papers by this authorD. Michael Risinger J.D., D. Michael Risinger J.D. Seton Hall University School of Law, South Orange, NJSearch for more papers by this authorNorah Rudin Ph.D., Norah Rudin Ph.D. Private forensic DNA consultant, Mountain View, CASearch for more papers by this authorMarc Scott Taylor, Marc Scott Taylor Technical Associates, Inc., Ventura, CASearch for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D., William C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California, Irvine, CASearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 July 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00787.xCitations: 117Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume53, Issue4July 2008Pages 1006-1007 RelatedInformation

Zakład Kryminologii INP PAN z perspektywy współczesnej

The article includes an in-depth analysis of the work carried out over the years at the Department of Criminology of the Institute of Legal Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, from the perspective of the employees who have recently joined the staff of the research centre. The comparative material presented in the text comes from the results of both current and initial research conducted at the Department. The text first of all introduces the research topics which were addressed and are still being addressed by those employed at the Department. The issues being researched are related to juvenile and underage crime, recidivism, alcohol addiction,and the conditions and causes of committing crimes (robbery, crimes against property, hooliganism, prostitution, and freeloading). The article also presents the methodology according to which the researchers conduct their scientific research. Thanks to the primarily interdisciplinary approach of the Department’s employees, the outlook on these problems is characterised by simultaneous use of many methods applied in various fields of science. The joint analyses of psychologists, lawyers, and sociologists enabled a multifaceted look at the issues, which would not have been possible if the research had been conducted individually. The authors also point out the challenge of the interdisciplinary research, which required the team members to constantly expand their knowledge and educate themselves in many different areas. The result of this approach, about which the Department can undoubtedly boast, is a multi-dimensional, in-depth, and varied interpretation of the results. The background to the article is a description of the history of research conducted since the Institute was established, inaugurated by the first head of the Department of Criminology, Professor Stanislaw Batawia. His contribution to the research was undoubtedly immense, mainly because he always focussed on multifaceted phenomenological research. In his studies, he also applied in-depth qualitative analysis of the actions of people who exhibited deviant behaviour. The authors of the text emphasise the exceptional commitment of Stanislaw Batawia, who initiated research on socially maladjusted minors in Poland, at the same time conducting an analysis of their family situation, possible alcohol addictions, or motives for committing crimes. The article also discusses the most important fields of study conducted at the Institute from the 1970s to the present day. Among them, the most attention is paid to research on minors (in the context of which the groundbreaking evaluation research on the introduction of mediation into proceedings with minors deserves recognition), the phenomenon of repeat offending, and research on the causes and nature of alcoholism. The authors emphasise the fact that criminological research is part of the so-called basic research. As the Polish state nowadays does not invest in this type of research on the grounds that it does not bring immediate benefits – unlike, for example, research conducted within the framework of the applied sciences – its contribution is worth highlighting because it provides an in-depth analysis of reality. In the long run, they may bring initially unseen benefits and make a valuable contribution to scientific research.

Pluto, Prisons, and Plaintiffs: Notes on Systematic Back-Translation From an Embedded Researcher

Journal Article Pluto, Prisons, and Plaintiffs: Notes on Systematic Back-Translation From an Embedded Researcher Get access Valerie Jenness Valerie Jenness University of California, Irvine Direct correspondence to: Valerie Jenness, Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-7080. E-mail: jenness@uci.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 55, Issue 1, 1 February 2008, Pages 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2008.55.1.1 Published: 29 July 2014

Risky Neighbourhood or Individuals at Risk? The Significance of Neighbourhood Conditions for Violent Victimization in Residential Areas1

The objective of this study is to examine the social determinants of violent victimization, with the principal focus being directed at the significance of neighbourhood conditions. By combining data from victim surveys with information on the neighbourhoods in which the survey respondents live, we have been able to study both the individual and household characteristics, and also the factors specific to different neighbourhoods that are associated with violent victimization. What we are able to show is that the violence that occurs in the residential neighbourhood constitutes only a small fraction of the violent incidents to which people are exposed. Further, the violence that occurs within the neighbourhood takes place to a large extent within the victim's home. This suggests that exposure to violence is associated with neighbourhood conditions only to a limited extent. More detailed analyses of the violence that does occur within the neighbourhood show no effects of neighbourhood conditions when controls are included for individual and household characteristics. The conclusion, therefore, is that we are unable to find any clear neighbourhood effects in relation to violent victimization. The differences that we initially note between different types of neighbourhood in the proportions reporting exposure to violence are too a large degree the result of selection processes. These do not, however, in themselves increase the risk for violent victimization. 1. We would like to thank David Shannon, Department of Criminology, University of Stockholm for his translation of the text.

Criminal Justice Education at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Three Decades of Progress*

The first examination of criminal justice education at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) occurred in the early 1980s. Twenty‐five years later this paper examines the progress of criminal justice education at these colleges and universities. To gather current information, surveys were used to contact institutional representatives at HBCUs. The survey results showed a dramatic increase in the number of students enrolled in both undergraduate and graduate criminal justice programs. The results also demonstrated that a substantial number of programs had faculty with Ph.D.s, specifically doctorates in criminology or criminal justice. Findings indicated that the most significant challenge facing these criminal justice programs is funding. Program representatives also reported that increasing enrollments was their most significant initiative strategy for the next five years. Though this paper notes considerable progress and promise of criminal justice programs at HBCUs, it also notes several challenges. The paper concludes with prospects for the future of criminal justice education at HBCUs. * The authors would like to thank Ms. Elizabeth Kelly, graduate student at Prairie View A&M University, College of Juvenile Justice, and Mrs. Jaya Davis, graduate student in the Department of Criminology at the University of Houston‐Clear Lake, for their assistance.

Hidden victims: the effects of the death penalty on families of the accused

Sharp's book reemphasizes the tremendous costs of maintaining the death penalty--costs to real people and real families that ripple throughout generations to come.--Saundra D. Westervelt, author of Shifting the Blame: How Victimization Became a Criminal Defense Everyone concerned with the effects of capital punishment must have this book.--Margaret Vandiver, professor, department of criminology and criminal justice, University of Memphis Murderers, particularly those sentenced to death, are considered by most to be unusually heinous, often sub-human, and entirely different from the rest of us. In Hidden Victims, sociologist Susan F. Sharp challenges this culturally ingrained perspective by reminding us that those individuals facing a death sentence, in addition to being murderers, are brothers or sisters, mothers or fathers, daughters or sons, relatives or friends. Through a series of vivid and in-depth interviews with families of the accused, she demonstrates how the exceptionally severe way in which we view those on death row trickles down to those with whom they are closely connected. Sharp shows how family members and friends--in effect, the indirect victims of the initial crime--experience a profoundly complicated and socially isolating grief process. Departing from a humanist perspective from which most accounts of victims are told, Sharp makes her case from a sociological standpoint that draws out the parallel experiences and coping mechanisms of these individuals. Chapters focus on responses to sentencing, the particular structure of grieving faced by this population, execution, aftermath, wrongful conviction, family formation after conviction, and the complex situation of individuals related to both the killer and the victim. Powerful, poignant, and intelligently written, Hidden Victims challenges all of us--regardless of which side of the death penalty we are on--to understand the economic, social, and psychological repercussions that shape the lives of the often forgotten families of death row inmates. Susan F. Sharp is an associate professor of sociology at the University of Oklahoma.

Review of: DNA and the Criminal Justice System: The Technology of Justice

Journal of Forensic SciencesVolume 51, Issue 1 p. 206-207 Review of: DNA and the Criminal Justice System: The Technology of Justice Rachel Dioso M.A, Rachel Dioso M.A Doctoral Candidate, Department of Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine, CA.Search for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D., William C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D. Professor, Department of Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine, CA.Search for more papers by this author Rachel Dioso M.A, Rachel Dioso M.A Doctoral Candidate, Department of Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine, CA.Search for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D., William C. Thompson J.D., Ph.D. Professor, Department of Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine, CA.Search for more papers by this author First published: 06 January 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2005.00045.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume51, Issue1January 2006Pages 206-207 RelatedInformation

Mentoring girls in juvenile facilities: Connecting college students with incarcerated girls*

This paper describes a course offered over the past two summers (2000 and 2001) in the Sociology/Criminal Justice and Criminology Department at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. The course brought college students together with system-involved girls for an eight-week mentoring program. The development and a description of the course are presented, along with the rationale for providing this type of relationally-oriented program to girls. Based primarily on analyses of student papers, there is an exploration of the experiences, perceptions, and changes in attitudes and beliefs of the student mentors. The goal of the course was to provide enriching educational experiences for the students and to provide beneficial and often unavailable services to girls involved in the juvenile justice system. This assessment shows that the course was successful in achieving those outcomes and highlights the key components of a positive and productive relationship between mentor and mentee. This process analysis demonstrates the successes and problems and issues faced in the implementation of such a course.

Disappearing act: The representation of corporate crime research in criminological literature

Following the labeling, conflict, and radical movements of the 1960s and 1970s and the attention these perspectives directed toward crimes committed by the powerful, it became commonplace for most criminologists to assume that corporate and white-collar crime received adequate attention in criminological and criminal justice literature. At the same time, corporate and white-collar crime researchers continued to assert that the behaviors they studied remain underrepresented in criminological literature, especially relative to the level of harm these behaviors cause. This article examines these two competing assumptions concerning the prevalence of corporate and white-collar crime literature during the later 1990s by: (1) analyzing the contents of several major criminological and criminal justice journals over a five-year time period; and (2) analyzing the coverage, placement, and integration of white-collar and corporate crime discussions in criminology and criminal justice textbooks. In addition, twenty-one Ph.D. granting criminology departments were polled to determine whether they offered regular and required courses on corporate and white-collar crime. Representativeness was determined through comparisons of the number of journal articles and the number of textbook pages published on white-collar and corporate crime indicators relative to the number of articles and pages published on several other criminological issues. Indicators of and the determination of representativeness are related to indicators of the seriousness (financial costs and level of violence) and impact of corporate and white-collar crime on society compared to the seriousness and impact of street crimes.

Treating gun violence before the 911 Call*1

Treating gun violence before the 911 Call*1

RESEARCH AND RELEVANCE: LESSONS FROM THE PAST, THOUGHTS FOR THE FUTURE

Criminology & Public PolicyVolume 3, Issue 2 p. 169-180 RESEARCH AND RELEVANCE: LESSONS FROM THE PAST, THOUGHTS FOR THE FUTURE FAYE S. TAXMAN, FAYE S. TAXMAN Dr. Faye S Taxman is the Director of the Bureau of Governmental Research and an associate professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland, College Park. As Director of BGR, Dr. Taxman is responsible for studies on various aspects of the criminal justice system including a 2 site randomized experiment testing the efficacy of a seamless system of drug treatment services for offenders (National Institute on Drug Abuse) and a four site study of drug treatment services offered in Drug Courts (with the University of Southern Maine and funded by the National Institute of Justice). She has published articles in many prominent journals such as the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency and Prison Journal. She received the University of Cincinnati award from the American Probation and Parole Association in 2002 for her contributions to the field. Her expertise covers research design, to training geared to the end users, to different interventions for offenders.Search for more papers by this author FAYE S. TAXMAN, FAYE S. TAXMAN Dr. Faye S Taxman is the Director of the Bureau of Governmental Research and an associate professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland, College Park. As Director of BGR, Dr. Taxman is responsible for studies on various aspects of the criminal justice system including a 2 site randomized experiment testing the efficacy of a seamless system of drug treatment services for offenders (National Institute on Drug Abuse) and a four site study of drug treatment services offered in Drug Courts (with the University of Southern Maine and funded by the National Institute of Justice). She has published articles in many prominent journals such as the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency and Prison Journal. She received the University of Cincinnati award from the American Probation and Parole Association in 2002 for her contributions to the field. Her expertise covers research design, to training geared to the end users, to different interventions for offenders.Search for more papers by this author First published: 07 March 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2004.tb00033.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume3, Issue2March 2004Pages 169-180 RelatedInformation

The Development of a Preeminent Corrections Scholar

Doris Layton MacKenzie came into the field of criminal justice and criminology in her thirties, balancing the dual tasks of motherhood and scholarship successfully. After completing her Doctoral work in Psychology at Pennsylvania State University, MacKenzie accepted her first academic position at Louisiana State University. There she began what has become the most comprehensive body of work to date on the study of boot camps. Now a full professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland, MacKenzie continues her work in discovering what works and what doesn't work in corrections, and is a strong advocate for field research that generates real, practical applications for public safety and crime control. Building on her PhD research in psychology, Doris Layton MacKenzie has focused her career on offender behavior and what can be done to change that behavior. This article profiles the life of Doris Layton MacKenzie: her childhood years; her education; and her professional work to today, when she continues to serve as an inspiration to her students and colleagues as a scientist and human being.

Demand characteristics, treatment rationales, and cognitive therapy for depression.

In research design, the term demand characteristics refers to the sum total of cues that convey an experimental hypothesis to subjects and influence their behavior. In psychotherapy, the term may refer to the sum total of cues that convey the therapist's wishes, expectations, and worldviews to clients and influence their behavior. Psychotherapeutic demand may play a role in dissociative identity disorder, in the repressed memory controversy, and during the delivery of treatment rationales, a practice common to manual-guided psychotherapies. An exploration of demand characteristics during the presentation of the treatment rationale in one such psychotherapy— cognitive therapy for depression—is offered, and data from an analogue study of demand responding to this rationale are presented. Jonathan W. Kanter is now at the Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee; Elizabeth F. Loftus is now at the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior and the Department of Criminology, Law, and Society, University of California, Irvine. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Robert J. Kohlenberg, Box 351525, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195. E-mail: fap@u.washington.edu Mary was suffering from depression and anger and sought therapy from a cognitive therapist. Following the standard protocol, the therapist presented the therapy treatment rationale during the first session. He explained to Mary that when certain events occurred in her life, she first had thoughts about those events that then, in turn, produced her negative feelings. When Mary returned for the second session, she told him that she'd gone to her mother's for dinner, and when a plate of broccoli was placed on the table (a vegetable she never had liked), she noticed that she first thought, She doesn't care about me and then noticed that she felt angry and depressed. Did Mary's experience have anything to do with the explanation given to her in her initial therapy session? Mary's case is hypothetical but allows us to illustrate a case we will make, namely, that the therapist's explanation may well have influenced what Mary experienced and what she reported during her next therapy session In this article we apply the concept of demand characteristics to the treatment rationales presented to clients receiving psychotherapy. First, several aspects of the definition of demand characteristics are highlighted. Then, the notion of demand characteristics is extended to psychotherapy, with attention to dissociative identity disorder and the repressed memory controversy. In these two areas, the role of demand characteristics already has been investigated, and the notion has been raised that rigid adherence to a particular conceptual model of psychopathology may lead to demand responding. We then suggest that treatment rationales can be viewed as a package in which demands often are neatly wrapped and explicitly articulated. We review research on treatment rationales for systematic desensitization that has demonstrated the influence of demand characteristics, and describe a preliminary study investigating demand characteristics in treatment rationales for cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitive therapy is presented as an example of strong treatment that nonetheless may be a vehicle through which the unintended influence of demand characteristics may occur.

Making Sense of Prostitution. By Joanna Phoenix (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999. 200 pp. £42.50 hb)

Journal Article Making Sense of Prostitution. By Joanna Phoenix (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999. 200 pp. £42.50 hb) Get access Anne Worrall Anne Worrall Department of Criminology, Keele University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 40, Issue 1, January 2000, Pages 178–180, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.1.178 Published: 01 January 2000