Clinical Nutrition Department Research Articles

Development of detection kit for bad oral bacteria - a NASH factor

Oral and systemic health are linked, with bad Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) linked to increased risk of intracerebral micro-bleeding and heart disease, and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) reports of links between periodontal disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, premature birth, and underweight birth. Dr Kentaro Nagamine, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hiroshima International University, Japan, was involved in the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method and is applying this to oral health, developing primers for LAMP of S. mutans and P. gingivalis and has also developed methods to culture oral bacteria. In one project, he is developing a detection kit for bad S. mutans (cnm gene positive S. mutans). The method he is developing is simple and effective compared to existing methods that tend to be complicated and lengthy. It involves taking a saliva sample, which is then cultured and put into the LAMP reaction solution. Then, the target gene is amplified and gene amplification is seen, this confirms that the bacteria is present. Not only can a result be obtained within two days, but the method also has the ability to amplify multiple types of bacteria. Nagamine is collaborating with a dental clinic that is utilising his method and, in the future, he hopes it can be used for dental examinations in numerous countries and regions, particularly in developing countries.

Evaluating the Dietary Gaps and Anthropometric Parameters of the Government School Children Aged 11-14 Years in Accordance with ICMR Standards

Introduction: Malnutrition is a major global health crisis that needs immediate attention. Adolescence is a crucial stage where nutrition plays a major role on account of their growth and development. There is a need to assess the nutritional status of Government school children in Tamil nadu to take appropriate policy decisions and implement nutritional interventions. Aim: To assess the dietary gaps of Government school children and compare their anthropometric parameters with Indian Council of Medical Reasearch (ICMR) standards. Also, to associate their daily intake of five food groups with their weight status. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India as a part of a nutritional awareness camp in month of March 2022 to examine the eating pattern of school-going children aged 11-14 years, in a Government school of Kalivanthapattu village, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu. Data was collected randomly among 73 school children during a nutritional awareness camp conducted by study Institute. A validated tool was used to identify the dietary gaps in food group intake and the anthropometric parameters were assessed using standard measures and were compared with ICMR and World Health Organisation (WHO) standards to analyse their nutritional status. The acquired data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Out of the 73 children, there were 52 girls and 21 boys and the mean age of the children was 12.09±0.80 years. The dietary gap assessment tool indicated the gross deficiency in the intake of different food groups by the children. The majority of the samples 52 (71.2%) had an average dietary pattern, 9 (12.3%) students were found to have poor dietary habits and only 12 (16.4%) students had a good dietary pattern. Body Mass Index (BMI) assessment indicated that 39 students (53.4%) were normal (-2SD to +1SD) and others were found to be malnourished. A substantial variation in the mean weight of 12-year-old-male students (p-value=0.025) as well as female students (p-value=0.003) was observed when compared to ICMR standards. There was high significant difference between mean height of 13-year-old female students and the mean height as per ICMR standards (p-value=0.004). Conclusion: The dietary intake of Government school children was average and the anthropemetric assessment indicated that many of them were malnourished.

Levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E and their influencing factors in children with obesity

To investigate the levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E in children with obesity and their influencing factors. A total of 273 children with obesity who attended the Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xi'an Children's Hospital, from January 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled as the obesity group. A total of 226 children with normal body weight who underwent physical examination during the same period were enrolled as the control group. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured for both groups, and the serum concentrations of vitamins A, D, and E were also measured. Compared with the control group, the obesity group had significantly higher serum levels of vitamin A [(1.32±0.21) μmol/L vs (1.16±0.21) μmol/L, P<0.001] and vitamin E [(9.3±1.4) mg/L vs (8.3±1.2) mg/L, P<0.001] and a significant reduction in the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(49±22) nmol/L vs (62±24) nmol/L, P<0.001]. In the obesity group, the prevalence rates of marginal vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and vitamin E insufficiency were 5.5% (15/273), 56.8% (155/273), and 4.0% (11/273), respectively. After adjustment for body mass index Z-score and waist-to-height ratio, serum vitamin A level was positively correlated with age (P<0.001), while vitamins E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were negatively correlated with age in children with obesity (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, the serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not correlated with degree of obesity, percentage of body fat, and duration of obesity in children with obesity, while the serum levels of vitamins A and E were positively correlated with waist-to-height ratio (P<0.001). There are higher serum levels of vitamins A and E in children with obesity, especially in those with abdominal obesity, while serum vitamin D nutritional status is poor and worsens with age. Therefore, vitamin D nutritional status should be taken seriously for children with obesity, and vitamin D supplementation should be performed when necessary.

"Nano Packaging and its Potential Application: A Review"

Sangeetha V1, Supriya V2* and Deepa Parvathi V3* Author Affiliations 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, India 2Department of Clinical Nutrition, India 3Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, India Received: January 27, 2022 | Published: February 11, 2022 Corresponding author: Supriya V, Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research(DU), India Deepa Parvathi, Assistant professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education and Research(DU), India DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022.41.006663

COVID-19 Impact on Food Safety Perception among Saudi Women

Aims: The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has increased the global public concern about food safety and hygiene. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 on food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among Saudi women.&#x0D; Study Design: A cross-sectional study using self-administered online questionnaire.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between April 2021 and June 2021.&#x0D; Methodology: Participants (426 Saudi adult females aged 18-60 years) were randomly recruited from the major cities of the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia, including Dammam, Khobar and Qatif.&#x0D; Results: Higher knowledge and practice of food safety measures were associated with COVID-19 pandemic, where 90% of participants acquired more food safety knowledge during the pandemic. Only 25% of participants, however, thought that the disease can be transmitted by food. Furthermore, more than 90% and 64% of participants presented high attitude and practices in hand washing and food cleaning, respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: Despite the lack of solid evidence that supports the transmission of COVD-19 virus through the food, applying appropriate precautionary safety measures throughout food production and servicing chain can reduce the transmission of the virus.

Nutrient Composition and Radical Scavenging Activities of Watermelon Seed-based Nutribar

Aims: The present study is aimed to develop watermelon seed nutribars (WMSNB) and to determine proximate content, antioxidant activity, free fatty composition and also sensory evaluation in order to create awareness of its potential nutritional values and increase its consumption in the form of nutraceuticals, functional foods and pharmaceuticals.&#x0D; Study Design: Proximate analysis, total phenolic, antioxidant activity and free fatty acid profile was carried by using well established in-vitro assay.&#x0D; Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research. Kolar, between June 2021 and November 2021&#x0D; Methodology: The developed nutribars samples were evaluated for proximate analysis (moisture, crude protein, ash, total fat, crude fibre, and total carbohydrate), total phenolic, antioxidant activity by using DPPH assay, free fatty composition by using GC-MS, and sensory characteristics based on hedonic scale point. The ingredients used for preparation of WMSNB were Watermelon seeds (100gm), jaggery (50gm), coconut flakes (15gm), sesame seeds (10gm) and ghee (5gm). Peanut nutribars (PNB) were also developed by replacing Watermelon seeds (WMS) with peanuts which was used for comparison purpose.&#x0D; Results: The proximate screening indicated that protein (15.72%) and carbohydrate content (52.49%) was high in WMSNB compared to PNB. The prepared WMSNB showed rich in phenolics and also possessed good antioxidant activity against DPPH. The free fatty acid composition showed that linolenic acid, stearic acid and lauric acid of oil extracted from WMSNB were 51.15%, 10.65% and 6.49% respectively, while oleic and palmitic acid extracted from PNB were 38.11% and 14.62% respectively. The overall sensory evaluation showed that there was no significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between WMSNB and PNB.&#x0D; Conclusion: The antioxidant capacity of the WMSNB constituent underlines the potential source of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds for the therapeutic purposes.

Formulation of Cake with Banana Peel Extracts to Enhance Colour and Bioactive Properties

Aim: To analyse the phytochemical and nutrient content of banana peel extract and incorporate in cake to enhance the bioactive properties.&#x0D; Study Design: An experimental design is used as it is used mostly in formulating product, process development, sensory testing, and analysis.&#x0D; Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, PSG College of Arts &amp; Science and Alpha labs technologies, Coimbatore between June 2019 and November 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: Cake was chosen as a product to develop with incorporation of banana peel extract.Nutrient analysis and sensory evaluation was done for the control and sample product. Banana peel extract was obtained by filtration using muslin cloth and processed. Various phytochemical tests were performed and found that alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, proteins and steroids were present in the peel extract.&#x0D; Results: Phytochemicals like alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, proteins and steroids were identified in both small and big banana Small banana peels contain more amount of calcium, potassium, and sodium compared to big banana. DPPH values obtained as 0.22. Total antioxidant properties of banana peel were calculated and the value obtained as 0.215. The carbohydrate and fibre content of the cake incorporated with banana peel extract was higher than control product further shelf life is also enhanced.&#x0D; Conclusion: Banana peel extract is a good source of natural food colour as black with positive effect on nutrients. As functional food ingredient,banana peel extract promote human health and also extend the shelf life of the products as it is an antioxidant and antimicrobial natural sources.

Sex-Specific Differences in the Associations Between Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese People.

Background: Some evidence indicates a potential beneficial effect of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the findings to date remains inconclusive and little is known about whether sex modifies these associations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential sex-specific differences in this associations among Chinese adults.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in an area of Dalian city, China; Chinese men and women who attended the Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism between January and December 2020 were invited to participate in this study. All participants were assessed for basic demographic characteristics, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and other serum biomarkers and serum phospholipid FAs.Results: In total, 575 Chinese adult participants (270 men and 305 women) were included in the analysis. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more common among men than women, but there were no significant differences between the sexes in fatty acid composition, except for eicosadienoic acid (EA; 20:2n-6) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The age-adjusted OR for having T2DM in the highest quartile of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) level was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.22, 0.98) in men, and this association remained consistently significant in the fully adjusted multivariate models. In contrast, no significant associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM risk were observed in women, regardless of model adjustment.Conclusions: In conclusion, these results demonstrate a notable sex-specific differences in the associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM. Higher n-6 PUFA status may be protective against the risk of T2DM in men.

Assessment of Quality Management System for Clinical Nutrition in Jiangsu

Objective: To critically evaluate the Quality Management System (QMS) for Clinical Nutrition (CN) in Jiangsu. Monitor its performance in quality assessment as well as human resource management from nutrition aspect. Investigate the appliance and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical quality control. Materials and Methods: The study source of this research was all the staffs of 70 Clinical Nutrition Department (CND) of the tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. These departments are all members of the Quality Management System of Clinical Nutrition in Jiangsu (QMSNJ). An online survey was conducted on all 341 employees within all these CNDs based on the staff information from the surveyed medical institutions. The questionnaire contains 5 aspects, while data analysis and AI evaluation were focused on human resource information. An paired sample t-Test was conducted to determine differences between their situation in 2018 and 2020 the application of JPCNMP. Results: 330 questionnaires were collected with the respondent rate of 96.77%. The QMS for CN has been build up for CNDs in Jiangsu, which achieved its target in human resource improvements, especially among dietitians. The increasing number of participated departments (42.8%) and the significant growth of dietitians (p=0.02, t=-0.42) are all expressions of the advancements of QMSNJ. Conclusion: As the first innovation of an online platform for QM in Jiangsu, JPCNMP has been successfully implemented among QMS from this research. This multidimensional electronic system can help QMSNJ and CND achieve quality assessment from various aspects, so as to realize the continuous improvement of clinical nutrition. The instrument of online platform, as well as AI technology for quality assessment is worth to be recommended and promoted in the future.

Quality Management System for Clinical Nutrition: On the processing of the Artificial Intelligence into Quality Assessment

Objective: To critically evaluate the Quality Management System (QMS) for Clinical Nutrition (CN) in Jiangsu. Monitor its performance in quality assessment as well as human resource management from nutrition aspect. Investigate the appliance and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical quality control. Subjects: The study source of this research was all the staffs of 70 Clinical Nutrition Department (CND) of the tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. These departments are all members of the Quality Management System of Clinical Nutrition in Jiangsu (QMSNJ). Methods: An online survey was conducted on all 341 employees within all these CNDs based on the staff information from the surveyed medical institutions. The questionnaire contains 5 aspects, while data analysis and AI evaluation were focused on human resource information. Results: 330 questionnaires were collected with the respondent rate of 96.77%. The QMS for CN has been build up for CNDs in Jiangsu, which achieved its target in human resource improvements, especially among dietitians. The increasing number of participated departments (42.8%) and the significant growth of dietitians (p=0.02, t=-0.42) are all expressions of the advancements of QMSNJ. Conclusion: As the first innovation of an online platform for QM in Jiangsu, JPCNMP has been successfully implemented among QMS from this research. This multidimensional electronic system can help QMSNJ and CND achieve quality assessment from various aspects, so as to realize the continuous improvement of clinical nutrition. The instrument of online platform, as well as AI technology for quality assessment is worth to be recommended and promoted in the future.

Influence of Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome Criteria

In Urban India especially among the young and middle aged adults the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is increasing day by day. Lifestyle influences the individual parameters of MetS. The MetS criteria are adversely affecting the health and performance of an individual. During this Covid-19 pandemic situation, the lifestyle of individuals altered to a great extent and equally influenced MetS. To study the influence of lifestyle factors on MetS criteria, a prospective observational study was performed in the Clinical Nutrition department. A total of 465 subjects were screened initially. Both males and females with age 25-54 years were included in the study. Subjects who recovered from Covid-19, pregnant and lactating women were excluded. Using a questionnaire the subjects' previous and current data of anthropometric measures of Waist Circumference (WC), weight and height were noted. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed. Serum values of Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glycosylated Haemoglobin were noted along with the Blood Pressure (BP) measurement. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and three days diet recall was written down. The daily calorie uptake was calculated. Their habits pertaining to smoke, alcohol and Physical Activity (PA) patterns were gathered. The NCEP-ATP-III criteria were used to categorize under MetS. The obtained data in the study was analysed by SPSS 20. Females-100 and Males-182 were included in the study and assessed further. The percentage of overweight individuals did not increase significantly. But there was a significant increase by about 10% in obesity. 3% of non-diabetics became diabetic. The FBS were higher at 75% subjects compared to 62% earlier. High-Triglycerides (TG) was observed in 75% individuals compared to 66% subjects earlier. There was no significant increase in individuals with low HDL and high BP. Lack of PA was seen in 63% subjects compared to 42% earlier. Also it is observed that the intensity and consistency of PA activity dropped. Calories consumption per day &gt;2000 kcal was observed in 68% subjects compared to 47% earlier. Alcohol habit was observed in 52%. Smoking habit was observed in 43% individuals. Though there was no significant increase in smoking or alcohol consuming individuals, the frequency and quantity of consumption of smoke and alcohol increased significantly. Three criteria of MetS were observed in 46% subjects when compared to 33% previously. The altered lipid values and high BMI had a significant correlation with lack of PA and high calorie diet consumed. High WC and high BMI had a significant correlation. Elevated TG had significant correlation with alcohol consumption. Moderate correlation was observed between the factors of increased calorie consumption and raised blood sugars/ high WC. The people who had lack of PA, high intake of calories on a day to day basis and alcohol consumption had MetS significantly. From the present study it was found that MetS is at the raise in the current pandemic situation. Identifying lifestyle and interventions necessary in means of education to correct lifestyle of the young adults emphasizing to choose healthy food ingredients, cooking methods and alternative PA is very important to raise MetS in the community.

Current status of clinical nutrition department in tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu

Summary Objective To investigate the current status of Clinical Nutrition Department (CND) in Jiangsu, evaluate its construction in tertiary hospitals and offer valuable suggestions on its further development. Subjects: 49 CND of the tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province. Methods An online questionnaire was designed for 62 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province with random sampling methods, which contains 5 aspects: department setting, staffing, hardware facilities, medical treatment, education, and scientific research. 49 effective questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 79.03%. Results Different hospitals had different categories for CND, while their professionals were much less than the standard requirement of 1:200 for the tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu (σ = 0.00158, s2 = 0.000003). From the perspective of hardware facilities and medical work, most of the subjects only received limited resources. This restricted the construction of CND, which was not yet in line with the hospital's support for the other clinical departments. Conclusion It is clarified that CND has certain problems in various aspects: vague department definition, insufficient professional staffs, resource constraints and limited clinical ability. As a result, the current management and development of CND are still confusing. It is necessary for the health authorities, hospital administrators and departments themselves to work together to improve the current status.

Effect of iron and zinc supplementation on linear growth of stunted Egyptian children under 5 years of age.

Background: Linear growth is the best indicator of children’s well-being and provides an accurate marker of inequalities in human development. Aim: Study and compare the effect of micronutrients supplementation (Iron and zinc) on linear growth of infants and children less than 5 years of age suffering from stunted growth. Patients and Methods: A randomized study included 60 children less than 5 years of age came to the department of clinical nutrition in a university hospital for nutritional assessment. Cases randomly divided equally into two groups. Group A received iron supplementation only and group B received supplementation with iron and zinc. Follow up of length/height was done after 6 months of supplementation. Outcome Measures: Length/height for age and sex (birth to 5 years Z-scores, WHO, 2003). Results: On comparing the length/ height of the two groups before (p=0.472) and after supplementation (p=0.923) respectively, no statistically significant differences were found between supplementation with iron only and with iron plus zinc. Yet, upon calculation the rate of change in linear growth after 6 months, a significant difference (p=0.002) was evident on comparing group B who received zinc plus iron (mean=13.6 cm increase in height) vs. Group A who only received iron (mean=10.8 cm increase in height). Conclusion: Zinc supplementation in addition to iron led to significant acceleration of linear growth of stunted children compared to supplementation with iron alone.

Consumers’ Knowledge and Perception towards Organic Foods: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the consumer perception towards organic foods in the Saudi market and to scrutinize factors influencing the purchasing decision.&#x0D; Study Design: A cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between February 2020 and May 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: We included 406 Saudi adults from both genders. A valid and reliable questionnaire was distributed in different regions. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software.&#x0D; Results: Results showed that 71.40% of participants consume organic foods with insignificant differences among regions, genders, education levels or health status. Participants above 50 years old reported significantly higher consumption (p&lt;0.05). Moreover, 87% of the participants who were not purchasing organic foods showed future eagerness to buy these foods and were willing to pay up to 100% price increase. The major drives to buy or consume organic foods were consumers’ health perception (43.86%), nutritive primacy (22.35%), sensory attributes (12.69%) and environmental friendly characteristics (6.66%) of these foods. The major limiting factors, however, were the higher prices (50%) and limited availability (30%).&#x0D; Conclusion: Saudi consumers are knowledgeable about organic foods and are keen to include them in their shopping lists. Organic farming should be encouraged for an adequate availability and reasonable prices of such foods in the local markets.

Determining Ideal Balance Among Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) as a Proof of Concept Study in Healthy Children

Abstract Objectives Medical foods for children with in-born errors of metabolism (propionic academia, PROP) are formulated with imbalanced mixture of the BCAA (high leucine, to minimal or no valine and isoleucine), and therefore their use is controversial. The objective of the current study was to determine an ideal BCAA ratio at which total body protein synthesis is optimized in healthy children using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. Methods The study design was based on the oxidation of the stable isotope L-[1–,13C] phenylalanine to ,13CO2 to compare protein synthesis among seven different BCAA ratios. Leucine intake was gradually reduced from current high doses in medical foods; isoleucine and valine were kept constant. This study was done as a proof of concept in healthy children, to allow characterization of the metabolic responses to wide range of leucine test intakes, to help design narrow BCAA ratio range to test in children with PROP. Results A total of 8 healthy children were studied, completing 42 study days. ANOVA showed significant differences in F13CO2 with different BCAA ratios; P value &amp;lt;0.001. A BCAA ratio of (leucine: Isoleucine: Valine = 1:0:0) was associated with the highest F13CO2 compared to other ratios (p value &amp;lt;0.001), indicating low total body protein synthesis. By reducing leucine intake, with BCAA ratio between (1: 0.26: 0.28 to 1:0.35:0.4) protein synthesis was optimized. Conclusions Using the IAAO method in healthy children, we tested for the first time the effect of different BCAA ratios on protein synthesis. Results from this study confirmed that the BCAA ratio of (leucine: Isoleucine: Valine = 1:0:0), which is similar to the ratio in medical foods, limited total body protein synthesis. Furthermore, a balanced BCAA ratio that optimized protein synthesis was found to be between (1: 0.26: 0.28) and (1: 0.35:0.4). Thus, we propose reformulating the BCAA mixture in medical foods, by reducing leucine content by 50%. Future research in children with PROP with our proposed BCAA ratio is necessary to confirm improved patient growth outcomes. Funding Sources Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute.

Multigrain Beetroot Crisps: A Healthy Snacking Option

Aim: With the rise of metabolic disorders like obesity in developed countries, maintenance of healthy lifestyle has become very challenging. Food plays a very important role in this process. Consumption of healthy foods with proper portion control can help in controlling excess weight gain and can prevent metabolic disorders like obesity. Obesity is characterized by excess accumulation of fat. This further leads to complications like dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Increased consumption of calorie dense fatty snacks or high sugar processed foods between meals is one of the causes of obesity. Consumption of low fat high fiber snacks has shown to help in weight reduction. Therefore development of a healthy snacking option was considered. The aim of the study was to develop and standardize a healthy snack for obese as well as healthy population.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Dr. BMN College of Home Science, between November 2019 and February 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: A healthy snacking option in the form of Multigrain Beetroot Crisps was prepared by using a mixture of cereals and millets flours. The snack was baked instead of frying to reduce the calorific and fat content. Standardization was done by testing for sensory evaluation using 5 point hedonic scale for four weeks. Shelf life study was carried out to find stability of developed product.&#x0D; Results: Sensory evaluation studies showed the product was well accepted by the target population. On comparison with the commercially available product, Multigrain Beetroot Crisps was high in fiber, calcium and iron. Shelf life study showed, the product was stable for four weeks at room temperature when kept in an airtight container.&#x0D; Conclusion: A healthy snacking option in the form of Multigrain Beetroot Crisps was developed for obese as well as healthy population which is nutritionally better as compared to commercially available beet chips owing to its fiber, calcium and iron content which are beneficial in obesity related complications.

Comparative Study on Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Overt Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Late Pregnancy

Background: With the rising prevalence in recent years, gestational diabetes mellitus has become one of the leading causes of maternal and child mortality and morbidity worldwide and has raised health concern. It is seriously detrimental to both the women and fetuses. However, there are limited evidences of two types of gestational diabetes mellitus on clinical characteristics and outcomes. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with overt diabetes mellitus (ODM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at the late pregnancy. Methods: From January 2015 to August 2016, totally 63 gestational diabetes mellitus from the Department of Clinical Nutrition in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were enrolled in the study. Patients were classified into two groups. 31 patients with gestational overt diabetes mellitus were grouped into ODM group and 32 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were grouped into GDM group. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between ODM and GDM. We collected records of the age, gestational week, family history, past history, pregnancy complications, insulin use, blood pressure, clinical nutrition indexes, blood pressure. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PALB), hemoglobin (HGB), urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (CREA), and dynamic blood glucose monitoring were measured. And we recorded the changes of blood glucose and the test data. We statistically analyzed the data of two groups. Results: In the ODM group, HbA1c, FBG, average blood glucose, two-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) after breakfast, 2hPBG after dinner, the number of hyperglycemic events and high blood glucose time ratio are significantly higher than those of GDM and two groups compared with statistical significance (P 0.05). The number of patients treated with insulin (10/31) in ODM is significantly more than that in GDM (1/32) (P 0.05). 45% (14/31) of ODM have a family history of diabetes patients. The ratio is significantly higher than 13% (4/32) of GDM (P 0.05). There was significant difference in urinary ketone positive rate between the two groups (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference in urinary microalbumin abnormal rate between them (P > 0.05). The number of preeclampsia in ODM (8/31) is significantly higher than that of GDM (P 0.05). The level of HGB in ODM is lower than that of GDM (P 0.05). There was no difference in the pregnancy outcomes between the two groups. Conclusion: Late pregnancy women with ODM have obvious family history, higher HbA1c, higher FBG, higher glucose levels of two-hours after breakfast and dinner, higher average blood glucose, longer hypoglycemia time, higher probability of hyperglycemic events and greater opportunity to use insulin in the treatment of symptomatic patients, higher risk of preeclampsia, lower HGB level than GDM, while GDM has higher positive rate of urine ketone than ODM.

The Effects of a High Fiber Beta Glucan Talbina Meal on Emotional Well-being Among Syrian Refugees in Metropolitan Detroit (P08-076-19)

Abstract Objectives The on-going Syrian War has affected Syrians’ mental health, causing anxiety, depression, stress, and mood disturbances. Barley β- glucan is a soluble fiber and its benefits for mental health have been reported in the literature. This study was designed to assess the possible therapeutic effects of β-glucan supplementation as a natural remedy for emotional disturbance control/prevention using a traditional Islamic homestyle meal, “Talbina”, a semi-solid meal made from ground whole grain, hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare). Methods A single-blind randomized crossover design was conducted in free-living, stressed Syrian refugees using barley flour (active, AC) for 28 days and rice flour (placebo, PL) for 14 days as part of a breakfast. Subjects (14 females and 9 males, mean age: 41 ± 10 yrs) with normal-to-mild depression and anxiety scores were recruited from the Islamic Center of Detroit. More than 60% of the subjects self-rated their general health as good or very good. Only 4.3% reported poor mental health, and nearly 60% of the subjects reported having at least one non-communicable disease. Arabic validated self-administered questionnaires: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and The Profile of Mood States-short form (POMS-SF) were used to measure anxiety and depression states, stress, and mood, respectively. Body weight and height data were also collected. Results Subjects without depression showed a reduction in body mass index (BMI) at the end of the AC phase compared to the PL phase while depressed subjects showed an increase in BMI. The difference between these groups was significant (−.5 ± .5 kg/m2 vs .2 ± .8, P = 0.04). The results showed no differences in anxiety, depression, stress and mood scores between the AC and PL phases. Conclusions The findings of this study showed no significant improvement in emotional well-being, depression, or stress levels by eating Talbina. But the subjects with anxiety were benefited significantly by taking part in this study regardless of the key ingredients of their meals. These findings suggest that refugee communities need further social support. Future studies should be conducted with a higher dosage of β-glucan for a longer duration and with a larger sample size to examine the beneficial effects of β-glucan. Funding Sources The Department of Nutrition and Food Science at Wayne State University and the Department of Clinical Nutrition at Umm Al-Qura University.

Prevalence of Undernutrition and Effect of NEP on the Dietary Pattern of College Going Girls (15- 20 Years) in Mumbai

Aim: To assess the prevalence of undernutrition and to study the effect of Nutrition Education Program (NEP) on dietary pattern of adolescent girls (15 to 20 years) in Mumbai.&#x0D; Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, S.N.D.T. Women’s University, Matunga, Mumbai (India), between December 2018 to February 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: For this study, Pre-test and Post-test experimental research design was used. 200 adolescent girls were selected to assess their dietary patterns and nutritional status through purposive random sampling method. Nutritional parameters such as height for age, weight for height and weight for age were calculated along with 3 days 24-hour diet recall among adolescent girls.&#x0D; Results: Prevalence of undernutrition was observed among adolescent girls. The overall mean consumption of energy, protein and carbohydrate was less as per the ICMR 2010 guidelines for adolescent girls. The mean consumption of day 1 energy was increased from 1515 ± 127 to 1623 ± 127. Similarly increase in the mean consumption of day 1 protein (from 38.20 ± 6.46 to 43.90 ± 6.45) and carbohydrate (from 353.90 ± 39.88 to 387.30 ± 37.75) was also documented. However, the fat consumption also seemed to be increased (from 45.70 ± 4.52 to 48.40 ± 4.54 on day 1) which might be due the consumption of outside High Fat High Salt (HFHS) food.

Clinical ladders are positively associated with job satisfaction and career advancement for registered dietitians in clinical nutrition management

Background: Following a change in reporting structure, Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) in a Virginia hospital system provided patients with better care, cost savings, and almost doubled clinical nutrition staff from 2008 to 2013. Objective The study was conducted to determine if the administrative alignment of RDNs in their place of employment 1) allows them to perform to their greatest scope of practice and 2) influences job perceptions.Methods: A survey was developed and distributed nationally to CNMs and their coworkers. Statistical analyses: Using SPSS 24, univariate descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were conducted. Contingency tables were generated and Pearson Chi-square tests and as appropriate Fishers’ exact tests were used to draw statistical inferences.Results: Respondents (n=508) represented four regions of the US with various job titles. Some reported to vice presidents of support services (34%) and others reported to vice presidents overseeing both clinical and support services (26%). Respondents, regardless of alignment, were either ‘satisfied’ (47%) or ‘very satisfied’ (36%) with their current positions. Most (74%) were in a nutrition department separate from food service. There was no difference in education (p=0.87) or pay (p=0.62) dependent on reporting structure. However, when RDNs reported to a clinical nutrition department, separate from food service, it was more likely that there was a clinical ladder for RDNs and there were more levels on the clinical ladder.Conclusion: This survey suggests alignment of a clinical nutrition department is associated with a higher likelihood that RDNs will have a clinical ladder to promote career advancement.