Evaluating the Dietary Gaps and Anthropometric Parameters of the Government School Children Aged 11-14 Years in Accordance with ICMR Standards

Abstract

Introduction: Malnutrition is a major global health crisis that needs immediate attention. Adolescence is a crucial stage where nutrition plays a major role on account of their growth and development. There is a need to assess the nutritional status of Government school children in Tamil nadu to take appropriate policy decisions and implement nutritional interventions. Aim: To assess the dietary gaps of Government school children and compare their anthropometric parameters with Indian Council of Medical Reasearch (ICMR) standards. Also, to associate their daily intake of five food groups with their weight status. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India as a part of a nutritional awareness camp in month of March 2022 to examine the eating pattern of school-going children aged 11-14 years, in a Government school of Kalivanthapattu village, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu. Data was collected randomly among 73 school children during a nutritional awareness camp conducted by study Institute. A validated tool was used to identify the dietary gaps in food group intake and the anthropometric parameters were assessed using standard measures and were compared with ICMR and World Health Organisation (WHO) standards to analyse their nutritional status. The acquired data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Out of the 73 children, there were 52 girls and 21 boys and the mean age of the children was 12.09±0.80 years. The dietary gap assessment tool indicated the gross deficiency in the intake of different food groups by the children. The majority of the samples 52 (71.2%) had an average dietary pattern, 9 (12.3%) students were found to have poor dietary habits and only 12 (16.4%) students had a good dietary pattern. Body Mass Index (BMI) assessment indicated that 39 students (53.4%) were normal (-2SD to +1SD) and others were found to be malnourished. A substantial variation in the mean weight of 12-year-old-male students (p-value=0.025) as well as female students (p-value=0.003) was observed when compared to ICMR standards. There was high significant difference between mean height of 13-year-old female students and the mean height as per ICMR standards (p-value=0.004). Conclusion: The dietary intake of Government school children was average and the anthropemetric assessment indicated that many of them were malnourished.