Department Of Behavioral Sciences Research Articles

Evaluating Short, School‐focused INSET Courses in Special Educational Needs

Project Impact, a DES‐funded project which began in 1983 for a three‐year period, was conducted jointly between the Hester Adrian Research Centre and the Education Department at Manchester University, and Huddersfield Polytechnic. The project had three parts: the development and evaluation of short courses; the development and evaluation of a modular diploma; and a follow‐up study of the Education of the Developmentally Young (EDY) package. This paper focuses on the benefits of evaluating short INSET courses in special educational needs. Judy Sebba is an honorary research fellow at the Hester Adrian Research Centre. Colin Robson is Professor in the Department of Behavioural Sciences at Huddersfield.

Case management: the need to define goals.

Editor’s Note: With this issue social work becomes the second mental health discipline to be leatured in our Interdisciplinary Update series; occupational therapy was the focus of the first column, published in the February issue. Other major mental health disciplines have also been invited to submit material, and we hope to publish their contributions infuture issues. Contributionsfor the column are solicited by H&CP Interdisciplinary Update editors in each field. The Update editor for social work is Phyllis P. Nash, M.S.W., Ed.D., visiting lecturer in the department of behavioral science, College of Medicine Office Building, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536.

Similarities and Differences in the Implicit Causal Models of Faculty and Students

Do faculty members and students share the same underlying cognitive models? A specially-developed causal matrix was completed by 15 faculty members of the Department of Behavioral Sciences and 32 students enrolled in Introductory Psychology. Analyses of results suggest marked differences in the implicit models of these two groups. Compared to faculty, students do not differentiate causes from effects, generally overrate the number and strength of causal relationships, and include recursive relationships in their modal model. Several pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed.

The Socialization of Women's Vocational Realism

Vocational Guidance QuarterlyVolume 34, Issue 4 p. 225-232 The Socialization of Women's Vocational Realism JOAN SPEIGHT BRIZZI, JOAN SPEIGHT BRIZZI Joan Speight Brizzi is a graduate research assistant in the Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities, Rootstown. The author gratefully acknowledges the advice of Mark L. Savickas in the revision of this article.Search for more papers by this author JOAN SPEIGHT BRIZZI, JOAN SPEIGHT BRIZZI Joan Speight Brizzi is a graduate research assistant in the Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities, Rootstown. The author gratefully acknowledges the advice of Mark L. Savickas in the revision of this article.Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1986 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-585X.1986.tb00858.xCitations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume34, Issue4June 1986Pages 225-232 RelatedInformation

Control of halo error: A multiple regression approach.

Avishai Henik and Joseph TzeJgovDepartment of Behavioral SciencesBen-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, IsraelIn a recent article, Landy, Vance, Barnes-Farrell, and Steele (1980) suggested amethod for excluding halo variance in rating scales. Their approach, however,may result in excluding true variance as well. The present work suggests aconceptualization of the halo effect in terms of a suppressor variable. Accordingly,a multiple regression approach for the treatment of halo variance is suggested.The commonly accepted view of the dynamicsof halo error assumes that there is some overallimpression of the ratee's effectiveness (Holzbach,1978). Recently, Landy, Vance, Barnes-Farrell, andSteele (1980) have shown that the halo effect maybe reduced by using residual scores. Assume thatp is a rating scale of some specific performanceand g is a rating scale of general effectiveness. Forthe sake of simplicity let us assume that both pand g are standardized. The residual score usedby Landy et al. (1980) may be written as:This new score (x) is suggested as an estimate ofp that is corrected for halo error. They suggestedthe usage of these residual scores in the context ofvalidation rather than in the context of adminis-trative decisions. They believe that x may be abetter measure than p of some criterion to bepredicted. One may imagine a situation in whichp is suggested as a predictor, and in such a case xmay be a better predictor than p. In any case, itseems that Landy et al.'s approach is orientedmainly towards validation. The purpose of thepresent work is to analyze this approach in thecontext of validation and to suggest an alternativeapproach that is more general.Halo as a Suppressor VariableThe ideas discussed in the present note applyto situations in which rating scales serve as pre-dictors as well as to situations in which ratingscales serve as criteria. It will be shown that inboth cases halo can be conceptualized as a sup-pressor variable. From a statistical point of viewWe wish to thank M. Ashkenazi, N. Shir, F. J. Landy,and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.Requests for reprints should be sent to Avishai Henik,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ben-Gurion Univer-sity of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 84120.as well as from the point of view of constructvalidity, the two cases are equivalent. We willbegin our discussion with the situation in whichthe rating scales serve as predictors because theanalysis in this case is relatively straightforward.The discussion of rating scales as criteria will bepostponed to the second part of our note.Suppose we have a set of rating scales. Eachrating scale PJ is designed to predict a specificbehavioral criterion 9. Furthermore, let us assumethat g is a general evaluation rating scale designedto capture halo error. For the sake of simplicitywe will describe all relations of interest in termsof three variables, p, g, and c, and refer to theindex j only when necessary. Assume that all thediscussed variables are standardized and all thecorrelations among them are positive.Holzbach (1978) and Landy et al. (1980) de-scribed the general evaluation item g as having asubstantial degree of covariance with the variousspecific items (i.e., r

A note on teaching larger ‘small˚s groups

ABSTRACT As a means of improving the cost-benefit ratio of staff, the Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine at the University of Sydney has been using modified small group teaching techniques for groups of 20–25 students. Evidence gathered from the 21 tutorials given in 1982 suggests a high level of acceptability. The structuring of group activity, careful documentation and adequate staff training are essential in this situation.

Letter to the editor

Department of Behavioural Sciences, The Lincoln Institute of Health Sciences, Carlton 3053, Melbourne Australia

Consumer influence on the quality of dental care.

Professor and Chairman, Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut

A Community Approach

Journal of School HealthVolume 50, Issue 8 p. 463-466 A Community Approach School-based health care delivery Rueben C. Warren, Rueben C. Warren Rueben C. Warren, DDS, DrPH, Assistant Professor, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032.Search for more papers by this author Rueben C. Warren, Rueben C. Warren Rueben C. Warren, DDS, DrPH, Assistant Professor, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032.Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1980 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1980.tb03131.xCitations: 2 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume50, Issue8October 1980Pages 463-466 RelatedInformation

Power, Exchange, and the Research-Development Link

Richard M. Hessler is Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia. Peter Kong-Ming New is Professor of Sociology, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Toronto. J. Thomas May is Assistant Professor of Human Ecology, Department of Human Ecology and Environmental Health, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City. The research on which this paper is based was supported by Contract # HSM-110-60-255. Health Services and Mental Health Administration, USPHS, and by Grant # IRO INH 21 742-01. National Institute of Mental Health. All interpretations are solely those of the authors. We wish to thank Donald Granberg, (University of Missouri-Columbia) for his valuable suggestions involving the researcher-sponsorsubject distinction. Martha Bartlett assisted in preparing the manuscript. Special thanks to Peter Singlemann for his advice. This paper is a much revised version of two earlier papers presented at the Midwest Sociological Society meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, April, 1970, and at the Society for Applied Anthropology meeting, Sun Diego, California, April, 1977. A FEW YEARS AGO our attention was focused on the problem of designing a research methodology which would serve two purposes that we felt to be of major importance to the future of behavioral science research as a component of community development. The two areas occupying so much of our attention at the time were (1) the problem of gaining entry into closed or highly restrictive social settings, and (2) the issue of doing research on powerless people so as to increase their access to power and control over research decision making and application of research findings. Five papers were written in which these two areas were addressed and the research commune model was developed and tested (Hessler and New 1972a, b; New, Hessler, and Kemnitzer 1972; New, Hessler, May et al. 1973; Hessler and Walters 1976). Subsequent to this work several sociologists formulated the concept o f conflict methodology (Lundman and McFarlane 1976; Lehmann and Young 1974; Sjoberg and Miller 1973; Spencer 1973; Young 1971, 1973; Galliher 1973; Nolan and Galliher 1973). Much debate ensued and the opposition countered with approaches which have been labeled consensus methodology. Basically the consensus methodologists assert that conflict methodology is inherently unethical (Blau 1964; Warwick 1974). In reply the conflict methodologists accuse the consensus people of doing the dirty work for the power elites, thereby helping t o suppress the poor, powerless, and exploited classes of society. Our observation is that this debate has raised very important methodological and ethical issues for behavioral science research. However, there are conceptual weaknesses in the way the debate has been presented and we have identified what appears to be a major issue which the conflictconsensus dialogue simply cannot resolve. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the debate and define this issue which we call the research development link. The exchange model is presented as a third strategy representing a more differentiated approach which allows the researcher t o address fundamental research-development issues which the conflict/consensus dichotomy precludes. In doing this we have divided our paper into the following three parts: (1) Conflict-consensus methodologies and the research-development issue; (2) Exchange methodology as a conceptual tool for developing the research-development link; and (3) Implications of the exchange model for the role of the behavioral science researcher in community development and social change.

Personality and resistance to illness.

Personality was found significantly to mitigate the illness-provoking effects of stressful life events. Two groups of executives had comparably high degrees of stress over a 3-year interval, as measured by the Holmes and Rahe Schedule of Recent Life Events. One group (n = 86) suffered high stress without falling ill, while the other (n = 75) reported becoming sick after their encounter with stressful life events. Illness was measured by the Wyler, Masuda, and Holmes Seriousness of Illness Survey. Discriminant function analysis supported the prediction that high stress/low illness executives show, by comparison with high stress/high illness executives, more control, commitment, and interest in change as a challenge.

Personal health systems and compliance in hypertension: David J. Hufford, Department of Behavioral Science, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Robert W. Miller

Personal health systems and compliance in hypertension: David J. Hufford, Department of Behavioral Science, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Robert W. Miller

Truth: A Concept in Emergence

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsE. H. RosenbergE. H. Rosenberg, Ph.D., head of the Department of Behavioral Sciences at the Tel Aviv University Medical School; coordinator of the Institute of Psychotherapy attached to the Tel Aviv University, and senior clinical psychologist in Kupat Holim (The Labour Sick Fund in Israel).G. MediniG. Medini, Ph.D., coordinator of clinical psychology in the Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University; member of the Advisory Board of the Institute of Psychotherapy, and senior clinical psychologist in Kupat Holim.

Selecting among behavioral techniques to increase coppliance: Zifferblatt, S. M. Department of Behavioral Science, National Heart an Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesdi Md., U.S.A.

Selecting among behavioral techniques to increase coppliance: Zifferblatt, S. M. Department of Behavioral Science, National Heart an Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesdi Md., U.S.A.

The non-health services' determinants of health levels: conceptualization and public policy recommendations.

*Professor, Department of Health Care Organization and Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Behavioral motivation.

Journal of PeriodontologyVolume 44, Issue 8 p. 489-499 Behavioral Motivation Matisyohu Weisenberg, Matisyohu Weisenberg Assistant Professor, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Hartford, Conn. 06112.Search for more papers by this author Matisyohu Weisenberg, Matisyohu Weisenberg Assistant Professor, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Hartford, Conn. 06112.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 1973 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1973.44.8.489Citations: 10AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume44, Issue8August 1973Pages 489-499 RelatedInformation

Sharing and Diversity in Emotion terminology

EthosVolume 1, Issue 1 p. 1-29 Free Access Sharing and Diversity in Emotion terminology AnthonyF. C. Wallace, AnthonyF. C. Wallace AnthonyF. C. Wallace is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania and Medical Research Scientist, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric InstituteSearch for more papers by this authorMargaretT. Carson, MargaretT. Carson Margaret T. Carson is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology, Rutgers University.Search for more papers by this author AnthonyF. C. Wallace, AnthonyF. C. Wallace AnthonyF. C. Wallace is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania and Medical Research Scientist, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric InstituteSearch for more papers by this authorMargaretT. Carson, MargaretT. Carson Margaret T. Carson is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology, Rutgers University.Search for more papers by this author First published: Spring 1973 https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1973.1.1.02a00020Citations: 21 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume1, Issue1Spring 1973Pages 1-29 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Use of Dental Services in an Urban Area before Medicaid and an OEO Health Center

ONLY a small proportion of the U.S. population visits dentists annually or semiannually. For example, in 1961 Kegeles (1), reporting on data summarized from seven studies, indicated that only 36 percent of the population had seen a dentist during the previous year and 24 percent of the population studied had visited dentists twice annually. In 1965 Suchman and Rothman (2) reported that only 43 percent of the population studied in Washington Heights, New York City, received dental care during the 12 months immediately preceding the survey. The National Health Survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States for July 1963-June 1964 (3, 4) reported that only 42 percent of the population had made at least one dental visit within 12 months preceding the interview. According to these two reports, approximately 16 percent of the population had never seen a dentist. Not only does a small percentage of the population receive dental care annually or semiannually, an even smaller prop-ortion receives preventive care. Kegeles (5) noted that about 15-20 percent of the population visits dentists on a regular periodic basis for the purpose of examination or prophylaxis in the absence of symptoms during any 1-year period. In 1965, the National Health Survey (4) reported that the distribution of dental visits in the U.S. population (all ages) for examination and prophylaxis was 21.1 and 13.6 percent, respectively. Although there has been an increase in the proportion of the population receiving preventive dental care during the last decade, as reported by Moen and Poetsch Dr. Powell, former director, department of community dental health, Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, N.Y., is now assistant professor and director, community health services, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut. Dr. Roghman is associate professor of sociology and pediatrics, department of pediatrics, School of Medicine, and co-director, Rochester Child Health Study, University of Rochester. This report is based on data from the Rochester Child Health Studies, which were supported by Children's Bureau grants H-104 and H-148. The studies were directed by Dr. Robert J. Haggerty, professor of pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine. Tearsheet requests to Dr. Elbert A. Powell, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, 2 Holcomb St., Hartford, Conn. 06112.

Sources of Information About Drugs Among High School Students

Journal Article SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT DRUGS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Get access DIANNE FEJER, DIANNE FEJER Dianne Fejer is Senior Research Assistant, Evaluation Studies Department,Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario; Reginald G. Smart is Director of the Evaluation Studies Department, Addiction Research Foundation. Paul C.Whitehead is Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Western Ontario,London, Ontario and Research Consultant, Addiction Research Foundation. Lucien Laforest is Research Associate, Department of Behavioral Science and Department of Social Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar REGINALD G. SMART, REGINALD G. SMART Dianne Fejer is Senior Research Assistant, Evaluation Studies Department,Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario; Reginald G. Smart is Director of the Evaluation Studies Department, Addiction Research Foundation. Paul C.Whitehead is Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Western Ontario,London, Ontario and Research Consultant, Addiction Research Foundation. Lucien Laforest is Research Associate, Department of Behavioral Science and Department of Social Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PAUL C. WHITEHEAD, PAUL C. WHITEHEAD Dianne Fejer is Senior Research Assistant, Evaluation Studies Department,Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario; Reginald G. Smart is Director of the Evaluation Studies Department, Addiction Research Foundation. Paul C.Whitehead is Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Western Ontario,London, Ontario and Research Consultant, Addiction Research Foundation. Lucien Laforest is Research Associate, Department of Behavioral Science and Department of Social Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LUCIEN LAFOREST LUCIEN LAFOREST Dianne Fejer is Senior Research Assistant, Evaluation Studies Department,Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario; Reginald G. Smart is Director of the Evaluation Studies Department, Addiction Research Foundation. Paul C.Whitehead is Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Western Ontario,London, Ontario and Research Consultant, Addiction Research Foundation. Lucien Laforest is Research Associate, Department of Behavioral Science and Department of Social Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 35, Issue 2, SUMMER 1971, Pages 235–248, https://doi.org/10.1086/267895 Published: 01 January 1971

THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DENTISTRY

Journal of Public Health DentistryVolume 30, Issue 3 p. 195-197 THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DENTISTRY Robert M. O'Shea Ph.D., Department of Behavioral Science, School of Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3288 Main Street, Buffalo, New York, 14214.Search for more papers by this authorLois K. Cohen Ph.D., Chief, Applied Behavioral Studies, Division of Dental Health, Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20014.Search for more papers by this author Robert M. O'Shea Ph.D., Department of Behavioral Science, School of Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3288 Main Street, Buffalo, New York, 14214.Search for more papers by this authorLois K. Cohen Ph.D., Chief, Applied Behavioral Studies, Division of Dental Health, Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20014.Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1970 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1970.tb00561.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume30, Issue3September 1970Pages 195-197 RelatedInformation