Department Of Antioquia Research Articles

Trypanosoma cruzi infection in domestic and synanthropic mammals such as potential risk of sylvatic transmission in a rural area from north of Antioquia, Colombia

In Colombia, dogs and opossum are the most important mammals in domestic and sylvatic T. cruzi transmission. However, the role of both species has not been evaluated in areas where both species converge in the peridomestic area. To evaluate the infection status of domestic and wild mammals in peridomestic habitats of Puerto Valdivia, Antioquia Department. The infection of domestic dogs and small wild mammals was performed by hemoculture, molecular and serological methods. Additionally, the infection in children under 15 years old and triatomine searches was carried out. We found that 16.07% and 34% dogs, and 59.1% and 61.1% Didelphis marsupialis were found positive by molecular and serological methods respectively. Moreover, in 25% and 75% of the infected dogs were detected TcIDom and TcI sylvatic, respectively, while all the D. marsupialis were infected with TcI. Six Rattus rattus and three Proechimys semispinosus were captured but without T. cruzi infection. Finally, none of the 82 children were positive and no triatomine bugs were captured. D. marsupialis and domestics dogs have an important role in the transmission of T. cruzi suggesting a potential risk in T. cruzi transitions areas.

Colección de Mamíferos, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Salle del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (CSJ-m)

La Colección de Mamíferos del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Salle (CSJ-m) alberga 1226 ejemplares de mamíferos pertenecientes a 12 órdenes, 37 familias, 89 géneros y 146 especies (6 exóticas). Los ejemplares proceden de 19 departamentos del país y 5 países extranjeros. La colección es la más antigua del departamento de Antioquia y la segunda más antigua de Colombia después del Museo de La Salle, Bogotá.

“Escrúpulos religiosos extremos” y delirio místico - religioso: entre la devoción cristiana y la psicopatología en Colombia, 1920-1960

Objetivo: comprender la semiología del delirio místico-religioso y la incidencia del contenido sociocultural en la confi­guración de los síntomas en la psicopatología moderna en Colombia, 1920-1960. Metodología: investigación histórico-hermenéu­tica, mediante análisis de una serie de historias clínicas del antiguo Manicomio Departamental de Antioquia y del Asilo Psiquiátri­co San Isidro del Valle del Cauca. Resultados: entre las psicopatologías más recurrentes en las que se manifestaron los delirios se encuentra el grupo de las manías, principalmente la intermitente, psicosis maniaco-depresiva y melancolía; seguido por la esqui­zofrenia paranoide, y también fue frecuente en la psicosis puerperal o posparto; asimismo, se presentó en la parálisis general progresiva (neurosífilis) y en el síndrome cerebral agudo o estado de confusión agudo, nosografía moderna dada al delirio. Según las historias clínicas, la exaltación de ideas religiosas confluye en un delirio polimorfo. Los síntomas más recurrentes fueron las alucinaciones visuales y auditivas, logorrea o locuacidad, insomnio, negativismo alimentario acompañado de miedo a ser envene­nado, excitación psicomotora o hiperquinética, accesos de furia controlados con camisa de fuerza y otros medios de contención, intento de suicidio y tendencia a la fuga de la casa, por lo tanto, se consideraba de peligrosidad para sí mismos y para los demás.

Monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and fish from the Gulf of Urabá, Colombia

Gulf of Urabá is considered a tourist zone of Antioquia Department attracts a large number of visitors to explore the aquatic ecosystem and beaches thus offering a large economic benefit. However, this region has been affected by various anthropogenic effects thus generating an environmental problematic that affect aquatic ecosystem. Over the years, several research has been evaluated pollutant such as pesticides, metals and physicochemical parameters, even our laboratory had found several toxic metals in fish from this same area.The presence of emerging pollutant in matrices such as seawater and fish from Gulf of Urabá have not been reported, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study. This work presents important aspects relating to sampling, monitoring and surveillance of seawater and several fish species caught in the area in order to determinate the content of emerging pollutant (triclosan, ibuprofen, diclofenac) using UPLC-QqQ/MS. In general, all three pharmaceuticals in different sampling sites were detected and total concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 1.54 μg/L in surface water. However, emerging pollutants content in fish muscle was not detected. In addition, a high variability in triclosan, ibuprofen and diclofenac concentrations according to the season of sampling was found. Regarding to seasonal variations, most emerging pollutant in the surface water had variation in levels both dry and wet season. Better removal was presented in the dry season, due to stronger irradiation and greater activity of microorganisms.

FIRST RECORD OF Atractus manizalesensis Prado, 1940 (SQUAMATA: COLUBRIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA

Colombia hosts the largest richness of species of the genus Atractus and most of those are endemic. This note reports a new locality for the snake Atractus manizalesensis, an endemic species with a short geographic distribution that comprises a few records among two departments of Colombia. This record represents the first in the department of Antioquia and extends the distribution of this species in around 82 km in a straight line.

Studies in Neotropical Araliaceae. V. Sciodaphyllum zarucchii (Araliaceae), a New Species from Antioquia, Colombia, Honoring James L. Zarucchi (1952–2019)

Sciodaphyllum zarucchii M. M. Mora, Lowry, Idárraga, Jiménez-Mont. & G. M. Plunkett (Araliaceae) is described as a new species in honor of James L. Zarucchi (1952–2019). It occurs in humid premontane and montane forests on the western slope of the Cordillera Occidental in the department of Antioquia, Colombia, where it is known from only two localities, one of which is highly threatened by forest clearing. A risk of extinction assessment using the IUCN Red List criteria reveals that S. zarucchii is Endangered.

Historical reconstruction of Small-scale gold mining activities in tropical wetland sediments in Bajo Cauca-Antioquia, Colombia

Global mining activities in Latin America have increased exponentially over the last decade. The present study aims to assess the historical impact of Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining activities (ASGM) in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia, a region characterized by increased mining development over the past century. Historical trends of heavy metals (i.e., Ag, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were reconstructed for the past century in a tropical wetland near the mining district. Results indicate that local mining operations did not have a significant influence in the area until the mid-20th century when metal concentrations began to increase and exceeded background values. The significant increase in both sediment accumulation rates and total organic carbon (TOC) content during the 1920s reflects the deforestation of the area due to the diversification of the economy (e.g. coffee cultivation, mining or animal husbandry). Both concentrations and accumulation rates of metals increased exponentially after the 1980s as a consequence of the reactivation of alluvial gold exploitation, reaching values that exceeded up to 2–5 times the background levels. The historical metal trends in sediments from Las Palmas wetland reflected the historical socio-economic development in Antioquia and can be used as a good proxy for evaluating anthropogenic impacts in this region.

Mortalidad de serpientes en la vía El valle de Toledo-Toledo, Antioquia –Colombia

A través de 4 meses de muestreo continúo comprendidos entre el 1 octubre de 2018 y 31 de enero de 2019, se determinó la mortalidad de serpientes causada por el tránsito vehicular en un segmento de 17 km de la vía entre El Valle de Toledo y el municipio de Toledo, departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Se registraron 18 individuos correspondientes a 14 especies y tres familias, siendo Colubridae la más representativa (12 spp.), y Mastigodryas pleei y Leptophis ahaetulla las especies más atropelladas. Se obtuvo una tasa de atropellamiento (TA) de 0.0043 individuos/km, la cual es relativamente baja al compararla con las obtenidas en otros estudios relacionados. El 50% de los registros ocurrieron en el mes de enero, época de menor precipitación en la zona de estudio. Finalmente, estos resultados muestran una pequeña parte de la afectación vehicular sobre este grupo de fauna, que podría tener mayor impacto hacia el futuro de acuerdo con el desarrollo de la infraestructura vial de la región, para lo cual se proponen algunas estrategias que permitan mitigar los efectos negativos sobre la fauna.

Bat diversity of the Serranía de San Lucas (Bolívar and Antioquia), northern Colombia

Serrania de San Lucas is an isolated mountain ridge in the Northern Andes, reaching above 2,500 masl, located between the Central and the Eastern Cordilleras in northeast Colombia, including parts of Bolivar and Antioquia departments. Due to its particular location and difficult access, there are few studies on its biological diversity. In order to clarify the geographical affinities of its bat fauna, we conducted a survey at four representative localities of this mountain range. Between 2015 and 2017, we conducted four assessments to characterize the bat species richness in San Lucas; these localities represent the dominant habitats in the area, including lowland and premontane forests, and swamps. We used three to six mist nets per night, between 17:30 and 23:00 h and identified species in the field, collecting specimens to corroborate and document the diversity in each location. Species accumulation curves and non-parametric estimators assessed efficiency of sampling; in addition, Jaccard’s similarity index was used to assess beta diversity. Each species was assigned to a trophic guild for ecological analyses and comparisons of the assemblages. We recorded 47 species from six families (Table 2), with Phyllostomidae being the most diverse (35 species). Although species richness at a local scale varied between 14 and 23 species, the heterogeneity among them shows a particular richness for San Lucas as a whole. A notable geographic record was Mimon cozumelae, which extends its known distribution in northern South America, while other four species are confirmed for the Magdalena Valley, reinforcing a trans-Andean influence. Our records reinforce a biogeographical connection with the region of Choco-Nechi-Magdalena (sensu Hernandez-Camacho et al. 1992), thus contributing to validation of the perception that San Lucas shows greater affinity to the Central Cordillera than to the Eastern one. It is evident that several groups (i. e., insectivorous) have not been fully sampled, and that new methods (diurnal roost searches and acoustical sampling) and longer survey efforts might reveal more additions to this list. Our study reveals some peculiarities in the diversity of bats of Serrania de San Lucas, including species typical of inter-Andean valleys and suggesting an influence of the trans-Andean zone, resulting in major similarities to assemblages from northwestern Colombia and South America, but with a specific composition that is indicative of the good state of conservation of the habitats in the study area and its relevance as a future, and necessary, protected area for the country.

Mapa del Proceso de Internacionalización de las Instituciones de Educación Superior Colombianas

El objetivo de la presente investigación estuvo orientado a estructurar el mapa del proceso de internacionalización de las Instituciones de Educación Superior Colombianas (IESC), de tal forma, se identificaron las actividades estratégicas, clave y de apoyo, que realmente generan valor. Los principales autores considerados son: Sorolla (2019), Mayer y Catalano (2019), Castro y Wolf (2018), Ganga, Pérez y Mansilla (2018), Hoyos y Villamizar (2018), Colciencias (2017), Colotta, Lavallen y Presa (2017), Pérez (2009), entre otros. La investigación se considera de tipo descriptiva, bajo un enfoque cualitativo, con un diseño no experimental, transeccional. En una primera fase se procedió a revisar modelos de internacionalización de IES en países como China, Argentina, Costa Rica, México, Cuba, entre otros. Seguidamente, se desarrollaron mesas de trabajo para clasificar las actividades que componen el mapa de procesos. A partir de este estudio, se realizaron una serie de entrevistas abiertas al personal del área de internacionalización de las principales IES de ubicadas en el Departamento de Antioquia. Finalmente, se propone la estructura del proceso de Internacionalización, indicando no solo las actividades fundamentales, sino también la interrelación estratégica que las mismas deben mantener, para asegurar la efectividad del mismo.

A counterfeit multivitamin product inducing severe bleeding disorders in humans

Context: During a period of 6 months, 36 people reported to health authorities in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia, presenting episodes of bleeding in varying magnitude and locations in the body and alterations in coagulation tests, after having taken a falsified dietary supplement. The identification of the first four cases were to the cell-phone line at the Drug and Poison Research Information Center (CIEMTO). The successive presentation of cases with similar manifestations, taking the same product, served to suspect a possible common link.Case details: All of the patients needed hospitalization, the administration of blood products and / or vitamin K to reverse the clinical manifestations, and to stop the oral consumption of the falsified supplement. For each patient there was a full recovery of coagulation and improvement of haemorrhagic manifestations after the first week of management. The Food and Drug administration of Colombia (INVIMA), withdrew the product from the market, alerted the medical community and the general public and conducted an investigation that finally showed warfarin as a the main contaminant in the dietary supplement.Conclusion: This cases series emphasize the importance of the Poison Control Center to detect promptly potential new exposure of hazards to hundreds of products to the population, some of them fraudulent.

Morphological characterization of the red dragon fruit - Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt – under growing conditions in the municipality of San Jerónimo (Antioquia, Colombia)

The red dragon fruit Selenicereus undatus is a native fruit from the Americas. Its growing appeal in the international market as an exotic fruit highlights the relevance of the crop for the local economies. In Colombia, the high diversity within the genus and species makes it difficult to have reliable materials for propagation as cultivars. This agronomic challenge requires more studies of the distribution and real diversity within the genus Selenicereus sp. Due to the information aforementioned, the fruit is harvested in small localities as an extraction production system. This project aimed to morphologically characterize the working collection of red dragon fruit under growing conditions in the Municipality of San Jerónimo. It contained 30 accessions from the departments of Antioquia, Córdoba, and Valle del Cauca. Twenty-one characters of cladode, flower, and fruit were quantified to assess the diversity, and a restricted cluster analysis was performed to understand the morphological richness of the materials. As a result, it was observed differences in terms of stems, such as distance between areolas and width of cladode. This was also observed in flowers, in which their total length, the width of petals, the presence of trichomes, the color of calyx and petals, and the color of the stigma were different. Also, differences were recorded in the fruit. Characteristics such as weight and color of its skin were assessed, resulting in fruit size medium to small. Regarding other properties, total soluble solids varied between 11.2 to 15.6 °Brix. 55% of the fruits have measurements that fit market requirements. Finally, three accessions match the requirements of weight and °Brix, to be used as possible genotypes by commercial growers; however, studies about agronomic management strategies that favor an increase in fruit weight must be done.

Climatología de las granizadas en Colombia

A partir de datos históricos de registros de periódicos nacionales, regionales, de archivos y bases de datos especializadas, se identificaron 468 granizadas en diferentes regiones del país. Se analizó el comportamiento de diferentes variables (índices de inestabilidad, viento, humedad relativa, la altura de la isoterma de 0 °C y precipitación) de simulaciones horarias generadas por el modelo Weather & Research Forecasting (WRF) en cada evento de granizada, estableciendo umbrales en los que tales granizadas ocurrieron para tener un elemento de estimación de probabilidad de granizada. Se ajustaron los datos por orografía, pendiente, altitud a nivel del mar y la dirección del viento, y se generaron series de probables granizadas para una grilla de 10x10 km, las cuales se validaron frente a las registradas. Con estas series se establecieron los patrones espaciales y el ciclo anual de las granizadas para construir la climatología de este fenómeno en Colombia. Se obtuvo que las zonas con mayor probabilidad de granizadas se encuentran en zonas montañosas (cordillera Occidental, cordillera Central y cordillera Oriental) y en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, especialmente en los departamentos de Antioquia, Caldas, Quindío, Valle del Cauca, Cauca, Norte de Santander, Santander, Cundinamarca y Boyacá.Ideas destacadas: artículo de investigación que aborda cómo las granizadas en diferentes regiones de Colombia generan diversos impactos negativos a cultivos, edificaciones, infraestructura vial y redes de comunicaciones. Por la necesidad de información sobre estos eventos meteorológicos extremos, se elaboró una climatología de las granizadas para Colombia basada en el análisis de datos observados y modelados.

Intonation across two border areas in the North Andean region: Mérida (Venezuela) and Medellin (Colombia)

Abstract The Andes mountain system serves as a natural border throughout several South American countries. This research takes place in the region known as the Northern Andes, in two of the most important cities of the Venezuelan and Colombian Andes: Mérida, State of Mérida, and Medellin, Department of Antioquia. The main purpose of this study is to establish intonation similarities and differences between these two Andean cities. As a preliminary study, part of the AMPER Project, it examines the F0 as a melodic support. The study has been conducted according to the parameters established in the above-mentioned project. The intention of this research is twofold: First, to accomplish one of the main AMPER goals of performing comparative studies among diverse Romance languages and its varieties; and secondly, to establish possible relationships and differences among language varieties that are in contact, despite being separated by borderlines.

Pentagonia baumannii and P. carniflora (Rubiaceae: Condamineeae): Two New Species with Ornamental Potential from Colombia and Ecuador

Two new species of Rubiaceae (Condamineeae) are here described and illustrated. Pentagonia baumannii is a shrub endemic to the lowlands of northwestern Ecuador. The second novelty is P. carniflora, an unbranched to few-branched pachycaule tree restricted to the eastern lowlands of the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas in northwestern Colombia. The relations of both species with their closest relatives are discussed.

Application of the International Classification of Diseases for Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) to vital statistics records for the purpose of classifying perinatal deaths in Antioquia, Colombia

To describe perinatal mortality in the Department of Antioquia based on the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD-PM) and determine the feasibility of applying this classification system to the official records on vital statistics. Descriptive study of the causes of perinatal death according to the time of death in relation to the time of delivery and associated maternal conditions. The primary source was the official database of vital statistics for the period between 2013 and 2016. The variables measured were maternal age, gestational age and weight at the time of birth, area of residence, type of delivery, and causes of death, including direct and associated causes, and other pathological conditions. A descriptive analysis is performed, causes are presented in terms of absolute numbers and percentages, and distributed according to the timing of death in relation to childbirth and birthweight. Of 3901 perinatal deaths occurring in fetuses 22 weeks or more of gestational age or a minimum weight of 500 g, and up to 28 days of life, 1404 (36.0%) occurred before delivery, 378 (9.7%) during the intrapartum period, 1760 (45.1%) during the neonatal period, and 359 (9.2%) cases had no information regarding the time of death in relation to the time of delivery. The main causes of death of the neonates weighing 1000 g or more were congenital malformations, deformities and chromosomal abnormalities (30.2%), antepartum and intrapartum hypoxia (29.3%), and infection (12.3%). In 69.5% of cases, no associated maternal causes were identified and in those in which there were related causes, the most frequent was placenta, cord and membrane complications (16.8%). The ICD-PM is a system globally applicable to records of vital statistics, enabling the characterization of perinatal mortality in the Department.

Analysis of dynamics, structures and agent relationships in Regional Innovation Systems

This paper analyzes the regional innovation system of the department of Antioquia in Colombia, from a complex systems perspective and using an agent-based simulation model. Among the results is a model with significant variables and indicators for generating new knowledge and innovation on a regional scale. This provides evidence that more favorable conditions exist, insofar as a significant number of explorers encourages greater reciprocal actions with other agents in the regional structure. The number of patents and publications being generated will increase significantly and better network clustering becomes evident as a result. Finally, the model explores the dynamics, structures and relationships among agents in the system, paying special attention to the conditions within which innovation processes unfold at a regional level.

Abundancia relativa y patrones de actividad de Didelphis marsupialis en un área periurbana de Medellín, Colombia

Objetivo. Determinar la abundancia relativa y los patrones de actividad de la zarigüeya común (Didelphis marsupialis) en una zona periurbana del municipio de Medellín, departamento de Antioquia. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se desarrolló en la sede de prácticas y clínica veterinaria Remington ubicada en el corregimiento de Santa Elena. Para el registro de datos se empleó la metodología de fototrampeo durante 3 meses (junio-agosto de 2017), invirtiendo un esfuerzo total de 166 días/trampa. Resultados. Se obtuvieron un total de 275 registros independientes de la especie y se estimó una abundancia relativa de 52.88. El patrón de actividad muestra un primer pico de actividad al comienzo de la noche (19:00) y un segundo pico en la madrugada (3:00), con una posterior disminución hacia las horas de la madrugada. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran una abundancia relativa alta con respecto a otras localidades en Colombia, además de evidenciar una población reproductivamente activa. Al mismo tiempo se convierten en una herramienta para el fortalecimiento de estrategias de conservación y sensibilización a los pobladores locales sobre la fauna de la región.

Morphological characteristics of cyanobacteria and dominant phytoplankton in reservoirs in Antioquia: a focus based in biovolume

Cyanotoxin contamination is of special interest in water bodies, especially those for human use, due to the various negative effects that blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria can cause on human health. Given the recreational and supply importance of the Abreo - Malpaso, Penol - Guatape and Playas reservoirs in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. This study has estimated the biomass of the planktonic cyanobacteria, their geometric biovolume, the surface volume ratio (S / V) and the maximum linear dimension (MLD), during four sampling seasons in three different stations for each of these bodies. Water. We have identified from the Cyanophyta division with the production of cyanotoxins, the Microcystis complex and generates Woronichinia, Aphanocapsa and Oscillatoria, as well as the species Radiocystis fernandoi. When applying the nonparametric Kruskal - Wallis test, no significant differences were found between the studied reservoirs (p> 0.05); however, the Penol - Guatape reservoir presented the highest algae biomass and density of cyanobacteria, therefore, according to the levels of risk posed for the reservoirs studied and according to the morphological characteristics of these organisms, this reservoir presents a High Medium risk level in relation to the presence and morphology of the cyanobacteria, while the Abreo-Malpaso and Playas reservoirs are associated with a Medium Low risk. It is suggested to establish control and prevention measures to avoid a massive development of cyanobacteria, a possible presence of cyanotoxins and serious affectations in humans and animals.

Fruit quality in Hass avocado and its relationships with different growing areas under tropical zones

ABSTRACT Avocado is currently an important crop in Colombia, given its growth in planted area and the increase in exports. The destination market of Colombian avocado is mainly international, and its quality is outstanding. However, the physical and chemical characteristics associated with the quality of the avocados produced are not currently well known in Colombia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and nutritional parameters associated with the quality of Hass avocado in eight localities of the department of Antioquia based on descriptive statistics. Additionally, the quality was related to the localities through a multivariate analysis. As a result, quality at preharvest parameters of Hass avocados cultivated in Antioquia is similar or superior to that reported internationally based on physical and chemical variables. In addition, a relationship was established between the quality of fruits and the plots where these were cultivated, which allowed discriminating fruits by their region of origin. This work shows an approach to the determination of quality parameters in Hass avocado in Colombia and how they can be related to the characteristics of its productive system, which can lead to defining a product with added value.