Department Of Agronomy Research Articles

Intercomparison of Different Agrochemicals (Herbicides) and Manual Methods of Weed Control on Weed Population and Weed Control Efficiency in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop in Himachal Pradesh Dist

Aims: A research study entitled Intercomparison of different Agrochemicals (Herbicides) and manual methods of weed control on weed population and weed control efficiency in wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) in Himachal Pradesh district Mandi. Study Design: The experiment was designed using a Randomized Block design method. Place and Duration of Study: Department of agronomy, School of Agriculture, Abhilashi university, Chail Chowk, Mandi, (H.P.) during the Rabi season of 2022-23. Methodology: The field trail was conducted with eight treatments and replicated thrice. The investigation included eight different weed control techniques i.e. T1 -weedy check, T2 - weed free, T3 - hand weeding at 30 DAS, T4 - 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + Sulfosulfuron @ 0.02 kg a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS,T5 - Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1(P.E) + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 gm a.i ha-1 (PoE at 25 DAS) + one hand weeding, T6 - 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1, T7 - 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + one hand weeding at 30 DAS, T8 - 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS. Results: The investigation found that the most effective ways to control weeds are by keeping the area completely weed free by using pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1(P.E) + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 gm a.i ha-1(PoE at 25 DAS) + one Hand weeding (Treatment T2) was found the most successful in terms of achieving the lowest weed density and highest weed control efficiency. Application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1(P.E) + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 gm a.i ha-1 (PoE at 25 DAS) + one hand weeding was found to be better than using herbicides to reduce weed infestation in wheat crops. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that integrated weed management practices weed-free treatment was the most effective option for managing weeds in wheat.

Determining the Effect of Potassium and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

The field experiment was conducted in Crop Research Farm (CRF) in Department of Agronomy during Zaid season 2023-24 on Pearl millet crop. The treatment consisted of Potassium (30, 40 and 50 Kg/ha) and Zinc (15, 20 and 25 kg/ha) and a control. The experiment was laid out with a Randomize Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments which are replicated thrice as T1 Potassium 30 kg/ha + Zinc 15 kg/ha, T2 Potassium 30 kg/ha + Zinc 20 kg/ha, T3 Potassium 30 kg/ha + Zinc 25 kg/ha T4 Potassium 40 kg/ha + Zinc 15 kg/ha, T5 Potassium 40 kg/ha + Zinc 20 kg/ha, T6 Potassium 40 kg/ha + Zinc 25 kg/ha, T7 Potassium 50 kg/ha + Zinc 15 kg/ha, T8 Potassium 50 kg/ha + Zinc 20 kg/ha, T9 Potassium 50 kg/ha + Zinc 25 kg/ha and a T10 Control. The soil of experiment plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 6.8), low in organic carbon (0.46%), available N (225.42 kg/ha), available P2O5 (38.2 kg/ha) and available K2O (240.7 kg/ha). Application of Potassium 50 kg/ha + Zinc 25 kg/ha was recorded with the results which revealed that significantly highest growth attributes of Pearl millet at 80 DAS viz., Plant height (203.24 cm), dry weight (144.17 g), Ear head length (30.23 cm), grains/head (1848.78) and yield attributes such as Grain yield (4530.43 kg/ha), Stover yield (7246.59 kg/ha).

Estimated Costs and Returns of Hemp Flower Production

The purpose of this document is to provide a framework and provisional values to estimate costs and returns of hemp flower production for commercial producers in Florida. Written by Trent Blare, Zachary Brym, Andres Bejarano Loor, and Fredy H. Ballen, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agronomy, August 2024.

Efficacy of nitrogen and Azolla spp. on growth and yield of black rice (Oryza sativa L.)

An experimental field study was carried out in the Kharif season of 2023 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experimental replications were conducted using a Randomized Block Design, with three levels of Nitrogen (0, 60, 90kg N/ha) and Azolla spp. (2, 4, 6t/ha), and one Control (NPK 120:60:60 kg/ha). In all, there were a total of ten treatments, each reproduced three times. The tested field had sandy loam soil texture with a neutral soil pH of 7.6, low organic carbon content of 0.372%, nitrogen content of 278.4 kg/ha, phosphorous content of 29.5 kg/ha, and potassium level of 217.3 kg/ha. The experimental results showed that treatment T₉ obtained significantly higher plant height (107.77 cm), dry weight (66.05 g), crop growth rate (57.27 g/m2/day), relative growth rate (0.0279 g/g/day), highest number of tillers per hill (22.07), panicles per m2 (282), test weight (15.23 g), grain yield (3.67 t/ha), stover yield (6.7 t/ha), and harvest index (35.74%). Transplanted Black Rice of variety BPT-2841 exhibited significantly greater maximum gross return (1,80,551.40 INR/ha), net return (1,05,496.30 INR/ha), and B:C ratio (1.41) in treatment T9. The investigation concludes that Nitrogen, being easily transportable in soil and plants, is a constituent of amino acids, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, enzymes, and hormones. These factors are essential in plant physiology and are associated with increased tillering, biomass production, protein synthesis, grain filling, yield, and quality. The availability, absorption, and utilization of nitrogen have a significant impact on these processes. Therefore, in the present experiment, the nitrogen requirements are met by applying 90kg of nitrogen through urea combined with 6t/ha of Azolla spp. This approach revealed superior performance in terms of both crop yield and economic returns .

Effect of phosphorus and micronutrients on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

An experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P, India, during the Kharif season of 2023. The experiment was replicated three times according to a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments. Three different concentrations of phosphorus (40, 50, and 60 kg/ha) and micronutrients (0.5% FeSO4, 0.5% ZnSO4, and 0.2% Borax) were administered as a topical spray to the leaves. A control group was treated with a mixture of 20:60:40 kg N:P:K/ha. Phosphorus application at a rate of 60 kg/ha and foliar spray of ZnSO₄ at 0.5% (treatment 8) resulted in the highest plant dry weight of 35.54 g, crop growth rate of 25.14 g/m²/day, number of pods per plant of 21.50, number of kernels per pod of 2.13, highest test weight of 365.33 g, seed yield of 3552.10 kg/ha, and B:C ratio of 2.43. The effect of applying a higher quantity of phosphorus, specifically 60 kg/ha, together with a foliar spray of ZnSO₄ at 0.5%, on the growth and yield of groundnut was found to be superior compared to the control treatment.

Determining the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Rajasthan, India

A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2022-23 to effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield characters of barley variety “Rd-2036‟ was used in this study. The required quantities of fertilizers as per treatments were applied. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of nine treatments combinations. The increased yield parameter such as number of per siliqua, seed yield, stover yield harvest index was recorded with T9 (Azotobacter + PSB + 30 kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 30 kg ha-1 N through poultry manure). The data revealed that the maximum plant height (97.05 ccm), total numbers of tillers (70.25) and yield attributes spike length (7.68 cm), number of grains/spike (44.96), grain yield (42.58 q/ha), straw yield (60.15 q/ha), biological yield (102.73 q/ha) and net return (53406.30 Rs/ha) was recorded with treatment T5-75% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter.

Effect of Nano Urea and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Kharif Maize

A field experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate the Effect of Nano Urea and zinc on growth and yield of Kharif maize during kharif (Monsoon) season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of Nano urea (3,4,5 ml/l) and 3 level Zinc (0.3 %,0.5 %,0.7 %) along with recommended doses of nitrogen and potash and a control (120-60-40kg N-P-K/ha). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replication thrice. Application of Nano urea at 4ml/l at 0.5% Zinc (Treatment 5) recorded highest plant height (226.71cm), no. of leaves (14.18), dry weight (104.67 g) and crop growth rate (5.926 g/m2/day), yield attributes and yield viz ., No. of cobs/plant (1.33), No. of grains / row (23.56), No. of rows / cob (13.900),seed index (23.10 g), grain yield (6.05 t/ha) and stover yield (8.99 t/ha ) compared to control.

Effect of Nitrogen Management and Biofertilizer on Productivity and Profitability of Rapeseed

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24 to effect of nitrogen and bio-fertilizer on growth and yield characters of Rapeseed variety “T-9” was used in this study. The required quantities of fertilizers were applied as per treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of nine treatments combinations i.e. T1-Azotobacter + 60 kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer (RDF), T2-Azotobacter + 45kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 15kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM), T3-Azotobacter + 30kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 30kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM), T4-PSB + 60kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer (RDF), T5-PSB + 45kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 15kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM), T6-PSB + 30kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 30kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM), T7-Azotobacter + PSB + 60kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer (RDF), T8-Azotobacter + PSB + 45kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer +15kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM) and T9-Azotobacter + PSB + 30kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 30kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM). The increased yield parameter such as a number of per siliqua, seed yield, stover yield harvest index was recorded with T9 (Azotobacter + PSB + 30 kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 30 kg ha-1 N through poultry manure).

Impact of Stress Induced by Unfavorable Soil Conditions on the Germination, Seedling Developmentand Stress Tolerance Indices of Browntop Millet (Brachiaria ramosa L.)

Background: Browntop millet, a traditionally cultivated yet underutilized millet, is abundant in iron, zincand fiber. It can thrive in diverse soils and climates, adapting well to a broad spectrum of ecological conditions. Assessing the performance of Brown top millet in various challenging soils prevalent across Tamil Nadu could provide valuable insights into its adaptability and potential for cultivation in different soil conditions. The evaluation focuses on its germination, seedling growthand stress tolerance indices in these diverse soil environments. Methods: The pot experiment was carried out in the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Kharif 2023 season. Six soil types were collected from different zones in Tamil Nadu and tested in a completely randomized design with four replications. Germination, seedling growth and stress tolerance indices were calculated by using standard formula. Result: Results of the investigation revealed that the treatment with sandy clay loam soils of Eastern Block 37B TNAU, Coimbatore (T1) recorded higher germination and seedling growth indices. The lowest values were recorded with the sodic soils of ADAC and RI, Trichy (T6). The higher stress tolerance indices were recorded with the heavy clay soils of Cotton Research Station (CRS), Veppanthattai, Perambalur district (T2)and acidic soils of Anaikatti, Coimbatore district (T3).

Effect of Organic NPK Granules and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Economics of Rice

Modern intensive agriculture, which sparked the "Green Revolution" in the early 1970s, degraded the environment, which decreased productivity and had other negative impacts on the environment and public health. In order to improve the health of the agricultural environment, organic farming, which primarily forgoes the use of chemicals in agriculture, depends on a comprehensive production and management system. The multitude of microorganisms in the soil under this holistic management method ensures that the soil is alive, active, and productive by keeping it biologically active. It is a reality that plants can and do absorb huge amounts of big organic molecules, such as vitamins, chelated minerals, hormones, and other substances that are advantageous to them, refuting the claim that plants only ever take up nutrients in inorganic form. To investigate further, a field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu from June to September 2023 to study the effect of combined application of graded levels of inorganic fertilizers along with organic NPK granules on growth, yield and economics of rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments, comprised of different levels of inorganic fertilizers and organic NPK granules. Among the treatments evaluated, application of 70% NPK through inorganic fertilizers and 30% NPK through organic NPK granules registered higher growth, yield attributes and yield of rice. However the net income and benefit cost ratio was observed under application of 100% NPK through inorganic fertilizers which was comparable with application of 70% NPK through inorganic fertilizers and 30% NPK through organic granules. Therefore it can be concluded that combined application of 70% NPK through inorganic fertilizers and 30% NPK through organic granules is an environmental safe and economically viable nutrient management practice for getting higher yield and income from rice and it can be recommended to the rice growers.

Response of Sulphur and Zinc on Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

During the Kharif season of 2023, a field experiment took place at the Crop Research Farm within the Department of Agronomy at SHUATS in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The objective was to investigate the influence of sulphur and zinc on the yield attributes, yield and economics of cowpea. Growth and yield data were collected for the crop.The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments, each replicated three times. The treatments included varying levels of sulphur (25, 30, 35 kg/ha) and zinc (5, 10, 15 kg/ha), along with a control treatment of 20-50-20 kg/ha using Cowpea variety ‘Kashinidhi’. The findings indicated that applying 35 kg/ha of sulphur in along with 15 kg/ha of zinc resulted in the following outcomes for cowpea, Maximum Number of pods per plant (17.1), Number of seeds per pod (9.8), Seed yield (1423.27 kg/ha), Stover yield (3201.9 kg/ha), Maximum gross returns (1,06,745.14 INR/ha), net returns (73,245.14 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.19). These favourable results were observed in Treatment-9, where the specified combination of 35 kg/ha of Sulphur + 15 kg/ha Zinc was applied.

Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc on Yield and Economics of Pearl Millet

The field experiment was conducted on Pearl millet during kharif season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy. The treatment consisted of three levels of nitrogen (60,80 and 100 kg/ha) and zinc (Soil application 25 kg/ha, Foliar application 0.5% and Soil application 25 kg/ha + Foliar application 0.5%) along with recommended doses of phosphorus and potash and a control (20-40-20 N-P-K/ha). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatment and replicated thrice. Application of Nitrogen 100 kg/ha + 0.5% Zinc (treatment 8) recorded significantly highest grain yield (1.77 t/ha) and stover yield (5.15 t/ha) of pearl millet crop. Maximum net returns (60,336.17 t/ha), gross returns (96,361.67 t/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.67) are observed in same treatment of pearl millet.

Determining the Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif (rainy) season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy. The treatments consisted of 3 Nitrogen (100kg/ha + 120kg/ha + 140kh/ha) and Zinc Sulphate (Znso4) (15kg/ha + 20kg/ha + 25kg/ha) along with recommended doses of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash and a control (120-60-40 kg N-P-K/ha). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replication thrice. Apply of a Nitrogen and zinc sulphate in treatment recorded highest plant height (182.4 cm), maximum plant dry weight (98.81 gm), Number of cobs per plant (3.3), Number of seed per cob (466.45), Seed index (27.20), seed yield (5.05), stover yield (23.2).

Tillage and Seaweed Extract Effects on Soil Physio-chemical Properties, Microbial Population and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) in Hills of Nagaland

Background: Sweet corn is a selectively crossbred variant of maize designed with the intention of enhancing its sugar content. It highly remunerative and is gaining momentum among the progressive farmers due to its extra sweetness, early maturity, nutritious green fodder at harvest which earns high market value. Methods: Field experiments were undertaken during kharif season of 2021 and 2022 at Experimental Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SAS, Nagaland University to access tillage and seaweed extract effects on soil physio-chemical properties, microbial population and yield of sweet corn. Result: The results from study revealed that yield parameters such as green cob yield, green fodder yield showed significant increase under conventional tillage and application of 10% S-SWE. Highest microbial population was exhibited under zero tilled plots, Sargassum seaweed extract (15% S-SWE) application noted significantly higher bacterial, actinomycetes and total microbial population.

Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Yield, Yield Attributes and Economics of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)

A Field experiment was conducted during Zaid season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy. The objective of this study is to asses the influence of sulphur and zinc on yield attritibutes of baby corn and to evaluate the economics of different treatment combinations taken. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of Sulphur viz., (15, 30 and 45 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Zinc viz., (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) along with recommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash as control (60- 60-40 kg N-P-K/ha). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replication thrice. Application of Sulphur 45 kg/ha along with Zinc 30 kg/ha (Treatment 9) recorded maximum cob yield with husk (10.6 t/ha), cob yield without husk (3.91 t/ha), green fodder yield (28.43 t/ha). The aforesaid treatment also recorded maximum gross returns (1,43,144.00 INR/ha), net returns (955,19.00 INR/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (2.01).

Investigating the Effectiveness of Various Weed Control Methods to Reduce Narrow and Broad Leaf Populations in the Oat (Avena sativa L.) Crop

Aims: It is aim to investigating the effectiveness of various weed control methods to reduce narrow and broad leaf populations in oat (Avena sativa L.) crop. Study Design: The experiment was designed using a Randomized Block design method. Place and Duration of Study: Department of agronomy, School of Agriculture, Abhilashi university, Chail Chowk, Mandi, India (H.P.) during the Rabi season of 2022. Methodology: The field trail was conducted with seven treatments and replicated thrice. The investigation included seven different weed control techniques i.e. T1 - weedy check (control), T2 - weed free, T3 - one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T4 - two hand weeding at 25 DAS and 45 DAS,T5 - pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T6 - post emergence application of atrazine @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha -1 at 35 DAS + one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T7 - post emergence metsulfuron methyl @ 0.004 kg a.i. ha -1 at 35 DAS + one hand weeding at 25 DAS. Results: The investigation found that the most effective ways to control weeds are by keeping the area completely weed-free or by using two-hand weeding at 25 DAS and 45 DAS. T2 (weed-free), which involved keeping the area weed-free, was found to be the most successful in terms of achieving the lowest weed density and highest weed control efficiency. Two-hand weeding at 25 DAS and 45 DAS was found to be better than using herbicides to reduce weed infestation in oat crops. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that integrated weed management practices weed-free treatment is the most effective option for managing weeds in oats.

Response of Intercropping Finger Millet on Growth and Yield of Pulses

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season in Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The current research aims to evaluate the growth and yield of various pulses namely cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and green gram (Vigna radiata L.) and when cultivated as intercrops with finger millet. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.6), low in organic carbon (0.51 %), available N (78.9 kg/ha), available P (32.88 kg/ha) and available K (385.10 kg/ha). The treatments consisted of 3 pulse crops (Cowpea, Black gram and green gram) and 3 row ratios (2:1, 4:1 and 6:1). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and replicated thrice. Maximum plant height and yield attributes was recorded in sole plots of cowpea (treatment 11), Black gram (treatment 12) and Green gram (treatment 13) respectively. Finger millet equivalent yield was recorded high in (treatment 7) where finger millet was intercropped with green gram in 2:1 ratio.

Response of Summer Groundnut Varieties as Influenced by Plant Geometry

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) to study the “Response of summer Groundnut varieties as influenced by plant geometry”. The experimental treatments comprised of three types of Groundnut varieties vi, Kadiri-6, TAG-24, Kadiri Amaravathi and three different planting geometry viz, 30 cm x 15 cm, 35 cm x 15 cm, 45cm x 10 cm, forming total 9 treatment combinations each was replicated thrice and laid out in randomized block design. The results showed that the significantly highest plant height (37.78cm), maximum number of nodules/plant (125.77), highest plant dry weight (22.37 g), maximum number of pods/plant (30.20), maximum number of kernels/pod (1.50), higher seed index (32.20 g), higher seed yield (2.19 t/ha), higher haulm yield (5.20 t/ha), and higher harvest index (35.86%), shelling percentage (55.97%)was recorded in treatment 7 [Kadiri Amravati+ Spacing (30 cm x 15 cm)]. Similarly, maximum gross return (141650.00 INR/ha), net return (97386.00 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.20) was also recorded in treatment 7 Kadiri Amaravathi + Spacing (30 cm x 15 cm) as compared to other treatments. It was concluded that in Groundnut variety with the combination of Kadiri Amaravathi and spacing of (30cmx15cm) in Treatment-7 was recorded highest seed yield and B: C ratio.

Effect of Nitrogen Management on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology. To determine “Effect of Nitrogen Management on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet” the result revealed that treatment 6 [25% Nitrogen through poultry manure + 75% Nitrogen through urea] recorded significantly higher plant height (183.10 cm), higher plant dry weight (64.49 g), higher ear head length (26.10 cm), maximum number of ear head/plant (2.20), higher grain yield (2.46 t/ha) and higher straw yield (6.79t/ha).

Bio-Efficacy Evaluation of Herbicides for Weed Management in Rabi Onion

A field experiment entitled “Bio-efficacy evaluation of herbicides for weed management in rabi onion” was conducted at Weed Control Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during the rabi season of 2021-22 on medium black calcareous soil. The experiment comprising 14 treatments was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that next to weed-free treatment, tank-mix pendimethalin 450 g/ha + oxyfluorfen 120 g/ha as pre-planting fb HW at 40 DATP, tank-mix pendimethalin 450 g/ha + oxyfluorfen 120 g/ha as pre-planting fb pre-mix propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen 43.75+105 g/ha at 40 DATP and tank-mix pendimethalin 450 g/ha + oxyfluorfen 120 g/ha as pre-planting fb pre-mix quizalofop + oxyfluorfen 100 g/ha at 40 DATP control of complex weed flora, reduced population and dry matter of weeds and having less reduction in yield due to better control of weeds, less crop-weed competition, higher weed control efficiency.