Deoni Cattle Research Articles

Clinical Management of Sarcoptic Mange in a Deoni Calf in Parbhani, Maharashtra, India

A Deoni cattle male calf presented with history of pruritus, scratching, self biting, erythema and alopecia at Department of Veterinary Medicine, COVAS, MAFSU, Parbhani. The skin scraping examination revealed Sarcoptes scabiei infestation. In haematological profile, marked neutropenia and eosinophilia were observed. The calf was treated with Inj. Doramectin @ 0.2 mg/kg BW SC weekly interval for the period of three weeks. The supportive therapy included Inj. Chlorpheniramine maleate @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight I/M and Inj. Multivitamin 2 ml IM for 5 days. The calf showed uneventful recovery with absence of pruritus, exudative erythema and regrowth of hairs after 24th day of treatment.

Detection of replication-competent circular single stranded DNA from Deoni cattle

Bovine meat and milk factors (BMMF) having structural similarity to plasmids of Acinetobacter baumanni and some single stranded (ss) DNA viruses are free circulating replication-competent circular ssDNA molecules which were first isolated from serum of Bos taurus animals. Isolation of BMMF from tissues of multiple sclerosis as well as some cancers led researchers to conclude that the consumption of these agents through milk and meat have a positive correlation with these diseases and that the absence of such molecules in B. indicus animals could account to the low occurrence of cancer in those areas consuming products of indigenous animals. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate its presence in Deoni, one of the indigenous cattle breeds of India. The DNA isolated from milk samples were subjected to rolling circle amplification (RCA) using exo-resistant random primers. The products of RCA were then used as template for PCR for amplification of circular DNA. The amplicons obtained of size around 2000bp were cloned in E. coli and sequenced. The BLASTn, multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences were carried out to identify the similarities of these isolates. The sequence showed maximum homology with either BMMF2 or plasmids of Acinetobactor spp. Replication initiation protein (Rep) which showed similarity to bacterial plasmids was present in the sequence. This is the pioneer report on the presence of BMMF in milk of indigenous cattle of India. Keywords: BMMF, replication-competent, circular ssDNA, Deoni

Systemic investigation of pelvimetric profile in three strains of Deoni cattle

The present research work was designed to establish baseline data of the pelvimetric profile in Deoni Cattle. Deoni cattle (270) of three strains, i.e. Wannera, Balankya and Shevera were selected and divided into six age groups: Group I (12 to 24 months), II (25 to 36 months), III (37 to 48 months), IV (49 to 60 months), V (61 to 72 months) and VI (73 to 84 months) with 45 animals in each group. Body weight along with different pelvimetric parameters such as distance between two angles of haunch (A), distance between two ischial tuberosities (B), distance between level of croup and hip joint (C) and distance between tuber coxae and tuber ischia (D) were measured to determine the transverse and vertical diameter of pelvic inlet and outlet which were used to calculate pelvic area of inlet and outlet. The pelvic area values for both inlet and outlet showed highly significant differences within groups, but no significant difference was observed between the three strains of each group. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the pelvic area of Deoni cattle increases with the age and it has significant positive correlation with the parity and body weight. Thus, pelvimetric profile can be used as a marker for selection of young Deoni heifers and cows for breeding purposes to lower dystocia incidences.

Molecular characterization of heat shock protein 70 gene in Deoni cattle (Bos indicus)

Molecular characterization of heat shock protein 70 gene in Deoni cattle (Bos indicus)

Management Practices of Deoni Cattle Rearers in their Native Tract: A Study in Bidar District, Karnataka, India

Management Practices of Deoni Cattle Rearers in their Native Tract: A Study in Bidar District, Karnataka, India

Exploring molecular dynamic indicators associated with reproductive performance of Bos indicus cattle in blood plasma samples through data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry

Improving reproductive performance of cattle is of paramount importance for sustainable dairy farming. Poor reproduction performance (RP) hinders the genetic improvement of important Bos indicus cattle breeds. It is well known that incorporation of molecular information along with conventional breeding method is far better than use of conventional method alone for the genetic improvement of reproductive performance traits in cattle. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the plasma proteome of the Deoni cows in cyclical (n = 6) and pregnant (n = 6) reproductive phases with varying reproductive performance (high and low). High-throughput data independent acquisition (DIA) based proteomics was performed to understand corresponding proteome. We identified a total of 430 plasma proteins. Among cyclic cows, twenty proteins were differentially regulated in low RP as compared to high RP. BARD1 and AFP proteins were observed upregulated in cyclical cows whose upregulation reported to affect reproductive performance in cattle. Among the pregnant cows, thirty-five proteins were differentially regulated, including the downregulation of FGL2 and ZNFX1 that modulates the maternal immune response mechanism which is required for successful implantation of the embryo. Also, proteins such as AHSG, CLU and SERPINA6 were upregulated in the pregnant cows whose upregulation reported to reduced reproductive performance. The results of this study will be helpful in establishing a framework for future research on the aspect of improving reproductive performance in Bos indicus cattle breeds. SignificanceThe Indian subcontinent is the center of domestication for Bos indicus cattle breeds and they are known for their disease resistance, heat tolerance, ability to survive in low input regime and harsh climatic conditions. In recent times, population of many important Bos indicus breeds including Deoni cattle is declining due to various factors, especially due to reproductive performance. Traditional breeding methods are not sufficient enough to understand and improve the reproductive performance traits in important Bos indicus cattle breeds. Proteomics approach is a promising technology to understand the complex biological factors which leads to poor reproductive performance in cattle. The present study utilized DIA based LC- MS/MS analysis to identify the plasma proteins associated with reproductive performance in cyclical and pregnant cows. This study if improved further, can be used to develop potential protein markers associated with reproductive performance which is useful for the selection and genetic improvement of important Bos indicus breeds.

Epidemiological, clinical and hematobiochemical studies on hemotoxic snakebite in bovines

Snakebite is a conflict between venomous snakes and humans as well as livestock and considered as neglected tropical disease. The present study aimed to investigate the hospital prevalence, clinical and hemato-biochemical aspects of hemotoxic snakebite in bovines. The overall hospital prevalence of hemotoxic snakebite in bovines was found to be 0.93%. Highest prevalence of hemotoxic snakebite in bovines was observed in August month during monsoon season in female bovines with higher cases in buffaloes. The highest occurrence was reported in native Marathwadi buffalo, non-descript and Deoni cattle of > 4 years and 1-4 years age group in forelimbs and hindlimbs during morning and evening hours. Ascending swelling over limbs extending upward and lameness in case of bite on limbs while asymmetrical swelling in case of bite over face, occasional signs of bleeding like melena, hematuria, epistaxis and bleeding from the site of bite were the prominent clinical signs observed in hemotoxic snakebite affected bovines. Highly significant increase in heart rate and respiration rate, while decrease in rumen motility was observed in snakebite affected bovines. Hemato-biochemial analysis showed highly significant increase in leukocyte count, erythrocyte count and PCV, significant increase in granulocyte and monocyte count, highly significant decrease in platelet count while increase in capillary blood clotting time, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase levels compared to healthy bovines.

Morphometric traits of different Deoni cattle strains

Morphometric traits of different Deoni cattle strains

Production performance of different strains of Deoni cattle

Production performance of different strains of Deoni cattle

Physical characteristics of different strains of deoni cattle

Physical characteristics of different strains of deoni cattle

Peripheral blood concentration of toll-like receptor-4 and its accuracy for prediction of postpartum performances of transition zebu (Bos indicus) cows

In this study, we evaluated the peripheral concentrations of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-4 during transition period in relation to postpartum productive and reproductive performances of Deoni (zebu) cattle. Accuracy and threshold values of TLR-4 to predict the postpartum performance, were also estimated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals during transition period (from 21 days before to 21 days after calving) and TLR-4 concentration was estimated using bovine specific ELISA kits. Plasma TLR-4 concentration was significantly higher on third day of postpartum in cows that became pregnant within breeding period than the cows that remained non-pregnant (4.48 vs 1.80 ng/mL). ROC analysis revealed that the accuracy of TLR-4 for predication of ability to become pregnant within breeding period was acceptable (AUC: 0.75) with a threshold value of 2.13 ng/mL. It is concluded that concentrations of TLR-4, during transition period, could be used for predicting the possibilities of Deoni cows getting pregnant within the breeding period with moderate accuracy.

The investigation on allelic, genotypic frequencies and gene expression study in coding region of tyrosinase gene in Deoni cattle breed of western India

An investigation was carried out on Deoni animals of western India to study the allelic and genotypic frequencies in coding region of TYR gene as well as gene expression profile. The animals were grouped according to age, gender, strain and intensity of partial albinism (low, medium and high). The present study revealed that the genotypic frequency of TYR gene across different strains, gender, age group and level of partial albinism was found to be non-significant for both exon-I and exon-II. The AB genotype in Balankya (0.70) was observed highest genotypic frequency followed by Wanera (0.55) and Shewara (0.55) strains. The genotypic frequency of AB and BB genotypes were observed highest in male and female, respectively. In exon-I, genotype frequency of AA genotype was found highest (0.55) in low level of partial albinism. The allelic frequencies in Shewara strain, male and low level of partial albinism were 0.75, 0.63 and 0.73, respectively. However, in exon-II genotype frequency of AB and BB was observed highest (0.70) in Wanera and Balankya strains followed by AA genotype in Shewara (0.50). The highest genotypic frequency of AA (0.87) and BB (0.50) were in male and female, respectively. The genotype frequency of AB genotype was found highest in all level of partial albinism. The allelic frequency was highest (0.85 for B allele) in Wanera strain, male (0.80 for A allele) and high level (0.60 for A allele) of particle albinism. The highly significant (p = 0.002) expression of tyrosinase gene was observed in young animals as compared to adult animals. The TYR gene expression was significantly (p = 0.047) higher in animals with low intensity of partial albinism followed by in the animals with medium and high intensity. Therefore, it is inferred that the TYR gene expression in young animals were high and as compared to the old animals of Deoni cattle breed.

Factors Affecting Lactation Performance of Deoni Cattle

The research was conducted on 78 lactation records of 78 Deoni cows over three years to analyze the effect of non-genetic factors on lactation performance traits. Data of lactation records were analyzed to determine the effect of age, parity, a period of calving and season of calving on lactation traits, viz., lactation milk yield (LMY), peak milk yield (PMY), lactation length (LL) and persistency of lactation. The findings revealed that age group and parity had a significant (p ≤0.05) effect on lactation milk yield, but not the period of calving and season of calving. Further, only the parity had a significant (P≤0.05) effect on peak milk yield of Deoni cattle but not the age group, period of calving, and season of calving. The other two traits, namely lactation length, and persistence was not influenced significantly by any the non-genetic factors evaluated in Deoni cattle.

Seasonal Variation in Serum Biochemical, Electrolyte and Hormonal Profile of Deoni Cattle

The present study was designed to understand the impact of season on biochemical, metabolic and hormonal parameters in Deoni cow. Study period comprised winter, spring and summer seasons. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded from sensor based automatic weather station and temperature relative humidity index was calculated. Blood samples were collected two times in each season in selected animals. Biochemical parameters viz., glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, BUN, Sodium and potassium were estimated using semi-automated biochemistry analyzer. The hormonal parameters viz., tri-iodothyronine, thyroxin and cortisol were estimated by radioimmune assay technique. Glucose, protein, triglycerides, cholesterol and creatinine was significantly lower in summer season. Significantly higher BUN, Na+ and K+ were noticed in summer. T3 and T4 were significantly higher in winter and lowest in summer. The cortisol was significantly higher in summer followed by winter and the lowest was recorded during spring.

Udder and Teat Biometry and its Relation with Milk Production in Different Strains of Deoni cattle

Udder and Teat Biometry and its Relation with Milk Production in Different Strains of Deoni cattle

Peformance of Deoni Cattle in Telanagana, India

An investigation was carried out to study the performance of Deoni cattle in Telangana state. The data was collected from 150 farmers selected by following stratified random sampling technique by personal pretested schedule. The data collected were tabulated and analysed. The average lactation milk yield (litres) and lactation length (days) in Deoni cows was 796.31± 8.14 and 228.60 ±1.55, respectively in the study area. The average lactation milk yield (litres) and lactation length (days) of Deoni cows significantly (P≤0.01) higher in Sangareddy than Kamareddy district. Mean peak milk yield (litres) and days to reach peak milk yield of Deoni cows was observed to be 4.68 ± 0.05 and 46.83 ± 0.20, respectively in the study area. The mean age at puberty, AFC, service period, gestation period, dry period and calving interval in Deoni cows were reported to be 45.31 ± 0.21, 54.28 ± 0.21, 5.12 ± 0.09, 9.25 ± 0.02, 5.27 ± 0.05 and 15.41 ± 0.10 months in the study area. Significantly (P

Molecular characterization of MHC class II DRA cDNA in Deoni cattle

The present study was undertaken to clone and characterize DRA gene in Deoni cattle. The cDNA for the DRA gene was amplified by using specific primers designed based on available cattle sequences and purified products were cloned in competent E.coli (DH5á) strain. The full length 1013bp product of cDNA of DRA contained a single ORF of 762 nucleotides that coded for 253 amino acids translated product. Twenty four amino acids formed signal peptide while 229 constituted mature peptide. The deduced amino acid sequences resembled those of class II molecules of other species for all the conserved residues having critical functional role. But a single N-linked glycosylation site in á1 was observed in cattle and buffalo when compared to human and swine which contain a second site in á2 domain. The signal peptide was found more variable among the species compared. Comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among related species and dendrogram constructed revealed that the cattle sequences are more similar to buffalo sequences.

Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting productive and reproductive traits in Deoni cattle

The present study was carried out in Deoni, the dual purpose cattle breed of Southern India, maintained at NDRI herd, SRS, Bengaluru. Mean phenotypic performances for the traits of age at first calving (AFC), first service period (FSP), first lactation milk yield (FLMY) and first lactation length (FLL) were estimated as 42.90 ± 0.49 months, 179.00 ± 6.3 days, 643.08 ± 25.16 kg and 178.24 ± 4.41 days respectively. Significant effect of parity was found on AFC and FSP. Effect of period of birth, period of calving and season of calving was found to be significant on FSP. Significant effect of period of birth, period of calving, classes of AFC and FLL were found on FLMY. The heritability of first lactation milk yield was estimated as 0.38 ± 0.29. Phenotypic correlation of FLMY with FLL (0.88 ± 0.02) was found to be highly significant (p Lass Than 0.01).

Cloning, characterization and identification of polymorphism in TCR Zeta Gene in deoni cattle

The cDNA encoding, T-cell receptor zeta (TCR z; CD247) molecule of Deoni cattle (Bos indicus), was isolated, cloned and sequenced in the present study. The CD247 cDNA comprised 1078 nucleotides including a 30 nucleotide 5¹-untranslated region (UTR), 495 nucleotide single open reading frame (ORF) and 553 nucleotide 3¹-UTR. Deduced amino acid of cattle CD247 sequence was two residues shorter than the corresponding sheep sequences. However, ruminant-specific insertions and substitutions in transmembrane (TM) and intra-cytoplasmic (IC) domain were present in cattle. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), the important motifs for TCR signalling, were totally conserved among ruminants including cattle. The 3¹ - UTR region of the cattle CD247 was highly homologous to the corresponding region in the buffalo sequence and showed lack of polymorphism after polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using Hae III and Mse I restriction enzymes in cattle population. Phylogenetically, cattle sequence was closer to buffalo sequence under the ruminant’s lineage. The conserved nature of this gene ensures TCR integrity which is vital for induction of optimal and efficient immune response.

Effect of Parity, Period and Season of Calving on Production and Reproduction Traits on Deoni Cattle

Effect of Parity, Period and Season of Calving on Production and Reproduction Traits on Deoni Cattle