Denture Liners Research Articles

Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Heat-Cured Soft Denture Liner Impregnated with Chitosan Nanoparticles

The most serious problem of the resilient denture lining materials is colonization and penetration of the soft-liner surface by Candia albicans and related Candida species. So, this research was oriented to check the antifungal effect of Chitosan nanop articles (CHs NPs) incorporated into heat-cured acrylic soft liners. 60 specimens were prepared, 30 specimens for disk diffusion test and other 30 specimens for viable count of C. albicans test. The specimens split into six groups depending on different percentages of Chitosan NPs addition: 0.5wt%, 1.5wt%, 2.5wt%, 3.5wt%, 4.5wt%, and control group withou t addition 0%). For disk diffusion test, the autoclaved soft lining samples were fitted into sterilized Petri dish containi ng Mueller Hinton agar upon which candidal suspension were swabbed then fitted the samples on the agar surface, in cubated for 24 hrs. Then the inhibition zones were measured by utilizing digital caliper ruler. For viable count test, t he autoclaved samples of soft liner were submersion in sterilized tubes containing Sabouraud dextrose broth in which a small amount of candidal suspension, incubated for 24hrs. The Results of the disk-diffusion test showed the highest mean value of the inhibition zone at 3.5wt% group follow ed by 4.5wt% group and there was no inhibition zone for control and other experimental groups. Furthermore, the vi ability test indicated the colony forming units of C. albicans were decrease as the percentage of CHs NPs increased. With limitation of this study, it was concluded the CHs NPs considered as a strong antifungal agent and the impregnation of the chitosan nanoparticles into soft liner that help to form a soft lining material with antifungal activity and minimal candida associated infection.

Evaluation The Effect of Incorporation of Different Herbal Extract Powders (Either Neem or Aloe Vera) On Thermal Conductivity and Shear Bond Strength of Acrylic Soft Denture Liner Material

The main drawbacks of the soft liners were poor thermal conductivity and poor bonding between denture base and soft lining. The purpose of this study was to analysis the influence of incorporating either Neem or Aloe Vera on thermal conductivity and shear bond strength of heat cure acrylic soft liner. Sixty heat cure acrylic soft liner specimens were prepared and classified as two major groups based on tests that evaluated (thermal conductivity and shear bond strength), each major group sub classified for three groups based on incorporated material: The control group (10) specimens, (10) specimens with 10% by weight of Neem powder; (10) specimens with 10% by weight of Aloe Vera powder. Thermal conductivity specimens were fabrication with dimensions of (40 mm diameter × 2.5 mm thickness). Two acrylic block of shear bond strength specimens with dimensions (75mm × 25mm × 5 mm length, width, depth respectively) was fabrication. The reline material application on space between two acrylic blocks. The (Lee disc) equipment was used to assess thermal conductivity. With a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min, a shear bond strength was measured. Data statically analyzed by One-way ANOVA and LSD tests. The results showed the Neem group had highest mean value of thermal conductivity and shear bond strength than aloe Vera and control groups at p<0.01. Either Neem or Aloe Vera increased thermal conductivity and shear bond strength of soft liner.

The Effect of Microwave Irradiation and Some Denture Cleansers on The Bond Strength of Soft Liner to CAD/CAM-Milled Acrylic Resin

Disinfection of dentures and denture liners was desired for cross-contamination prevention and improved safety. Nonetheless, it has been discovered that these procedures impact the physical and mechanical features of denture liners.To assess the impact of different disinfection procedures on the tensile bond strength of an acrylic-based soft liner with CAD/CAM-based acrylic denture resin. Material and Methods: 25 specimens were collected and randomly divided into five groups (sodium hypochlorite, chlorohexidine, cleansing tablet, microwave, and control groups), following the daily disinfection protocol, the samples were stored at room temperature (23±2°C) in distilled water. After 30 days, the tensile bond strength was determined using universal testing equipment (Gester, China). The specimens were subjected to force by the machine at a steady crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute till the failure was recorded. The data were analyzed using statistics software (SPSS). Results: Showed that the control group had a higher mean value for bond strength, whereas the chlorhexidine group had a lower value. There was no significant difference between the control and cleansing tablet groups. However, they were significantly different from the microwave, CHX, and NaOCl groups. The NaOCl soft liner group is significantly different from all the other groups. No significant difference is found between microwave and CHX disinfected liner groups. Conclusion: The tensile bond strength of all disinfected soft liners decreased as compared with the control, which was not significant with the protefix tab but significant with the NaOCl, CHX, and microwave groups.

The Effect of Various Disinfection Methods on The Tensile Bond Strength of Soft Lining Material

Disinfection of dentures and resilient denture liners were preferred for cross-contamination treatment and better safety. Nevertheless, it has been found that these techniques affect the physical and mechanical properties of denture liners. Objective: To evaluate the impact of various disinfection methods on the tensile bond strength of acrylic soft liner. Material and Methods: 25 samples were made, then divided randomly into five groups (4 disinfection groups as well as a control group), after the daily disinfection procedure, distilled water was used to store the samples at room temperature. After 30 days, a universal testing device (Gester, China) was used to assess the tens ile bond strength. The machine applied force to the specim ens at a crosshead constant speed of 5 mm/minute until failure was recorded. Statistics software (SPSS) was used to analyze the measurements. Results: After 30 days of regular ex posure to different disinfection methods, a greater mean value for bond strength showed in the control group while the lesse r value was in the chlorhexidine group. No significant difference was found between the control and Protefix tablet groups. The sodium hypochlorite and microwave groups had no significant difference between them, but they were significantly different from the control, Protefix tablet, and chlorhexidine groups. the chlorhexidine group was significantly different from the control and other disinfected groups. Conclusion: All disinfected soft liners revealed a decrease i n tensile bond strength, which was not significant with the protefix cleansing tablet but significant with the chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, and microwave regimes.

Comparative Evaluation of Hardness and Energy Absorption of Some Commercially Available Chairside Silicone-Based Soft Denture Liners and a Heat-Cured Soft Denture Liner.

To investigate the hardness and energy absorption of four commercially available chairside types of silicone materials and compare their properties with heat-cured silicone material. The chairside materials investigated were GC reline soft, mucopren soft, sofreliner soft and elite soft relining. The heat-cured polymer silicone material was Molloplast B. All soft lining materials were processed according to manufacturers' instructions. Two properties were investigated. Ten specimens for each test were prepared for each soft liner except for the water absorption and solubility test, for which only five specimens were prepared. The specimens of energy absorption (10 × 10 × 3 mm) were tested using a Lloyd instruments testing machine. Hardness specimens (38 × 38 × 3) were tested using a shore A durometer and were divided into two subgroups; dry and wet storage. The specimens of energy absorption (10 × 10 × 3 mm) were tested using a Lloyd instruments testing machine. Sofreliner soft was significantly softer than Molloplast B. GC reline soft was significantly harder than molloplast B. At high loads, sofreliner soft and elite soft relining was significantly more resilient than molloplast B. Mucopren soft was significantly stiffer than Molloplast B. At low loads, all materials showed similarities in stiffness and resilience; the difference between them was insignificant. After one month of immersion, GC reline and mucopren significantly increased hardness values. In all conditions and at all four-time points, the hardness values for GC Reline soft were the greatest, and hardness values for Sofreliner Soft were the least. Some chairside soft denture lining materials could have similar significant properties to molloplast-B, such as sofreliner soft and elite.

Impact of apigenin and seashell nano-additives on the antifungal and roughness behavior of a soft denture liner.

Fungal colonization of the soft denture liner is the first step in the development of denture-induced stomatitis. The study aims to assess apigenin and seashell nano-additives for their antifungal efficacy and their impact on the surface roughness of a soft denture liner. The study was accomplished in the Colleges of Dentistry in Duhok, Mosul and Hawler Medical Universities. The Antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans was performed by the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), for apigenin the MIC was determined by agar well diffusion and set at (0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) while for seashells, MIC was determined by broth dilution and set at (1.25%, 2.5% and 5%). Fungal adhesion was conducted on seven groups (unmodified soft liner and six groups of the modified liner with the antifungal concentrations (three for each nanoparticle). A total of forty-nine square-shaped specimens (10*10*2mm) of (GC, Super-soft, heat-cured, USA) soft liner were prepared, the adherent fungal cells were enumerated under a light microscope for each specimen in four fields and the results were expressed as fungal cells/mm2. For the surface roughness, forty-nine specimens of (20*10*3 mm) of the soft liner were prepared and the average surface roughness was obtained in µm using a profilometer (Talysurf, Taylor Hobson, UK). Apigenin and seashell-modified soft liner observed a significant decrease in both fungal adhesion and surface roughness compared to the unmodified liner and the reduction was related directly to the concentration of both additives. Apigenin and seashell nano-additives were effective as antifungal agents beside improving the surface roughness of the soft liner.

Effect of Water Sorption and Solubility on Two Soft Denture Lining Materials Stored in Three Different Mediums

Effect of Water Sorption and Solubility on Two Soft Denture Lining Materials Stored in Three Different Mediums

Comparative Analysis of Properties in Chairside Silicone Denture Liners versus Heat-Cured Molloplast-B: An In-Depth In Vitro Evaluation.

BACKGROUND We investigated the bond strength, tensile strength, and water absorption properties of 4 widely used chairside silicone long-term denture soft lining materials and compared properties with those of heat-cured silicone material. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four chairside materials (GC Reline Soft, Mucopren Soft, Sofreliner Soft, and Elite Soft Relining) and a heat-cured silicone material (Molloplast B) were investigated. For tensile and shear bond strength and tensile strength, samples were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions and the testing machine used. For water absorption, IOS 1567 was followed to prepare specimens. Bond strengths were measured using a Lloyd Instruments materials testing machine. Ten specimens for each test were prepared for each soft liner, except for water absorption and solubility tests, for which only 5 specimens were prepared. ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare values of materials and assess changes over time. RESULTS There was strong evidence of differences in the properties between materials. GC Reline Soft showed comparable tensile bond (1.4±0.6 MPa), shear bond (1.1±0.4 MPa), tensile strength (5.44±0.98), water absorption (0.92±0.2 µg/mm³), and solubility values (0.3±0.2 µg/mm3) to that of Molloplast B (1.4±0.4; 1.6±0.5; 4.53±0.9 MPa, 1.7±0.3, and 1.0±0.3 µg/mm³, respectively). The water solubility of Sofreliner Soft was significantly lower (1.5±0.8 µg/mm³) than that of Molloplast B. CONCLUSIONS There were significant differences between some properties of 4 chairside denture soft lining materials and that of Molloplast B, which had higher shear and tensile bond strength than chairside denture silicone soft lining materials but had the highest water solubility.

In vitro comparative assessment of the denture cleansers effectiveness on the surface hardness of permanent silicone denture line

The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the impact of various denture cleaners on the surface hardness of permanent silicone denture lines. In the present study, 124 specimens were included comprising of soft liners made of permanent silicone, which were made from the 15 mm x 10 mm custom metal mold dimensions, where 62 samples were made of Molossil™ and 62 other of Voco™ which are commercially available liners for permanent dentures. These samples were then divided into 4 groups of equal specimen numbers (n=32) depending on the cleansing treatments. Group I specimens were cleaned with water daily, and Group II Polident™ Group III was given SecureTM denture cleaning solution, while Group IV was given PeriogardTM denture cleaning solution. The samples were assessed at 1st week, 1st month, and 6th month after cleanser use. The study results showed that at the 6th-month follow-up after the use of denture cleansers, all of the samples had considerably increased surface hardness compared to the baseline. Statistically significant results were seen with Periogard™, Secure™, and Polident™ compared to Group I controls. In Voco™ denture liners, minor changes were seen compared to Molossil™ soft liners with time in all the groups. The results of this investigation are significantly well cleansing action is seen with Voco™ soft denture lining material compared to Mollosil™ soft denture lining material, and surface hardness is least affected by Polident™ denture cleanser compared to Secure™ and Periogard™ denture cleansing agents.

Candida albicans adherence on soft denture liner coated with silica and titanium nanoparticles

Candida albicans adherence on soft denture liner coated with silica and titanium nanoparticles

Effect of Ionic Liquids on Mechanical, Physical, and Antifungal Properties and Biocompatibility of a Soft Denture Lining Material.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of ionic liquids and their structure on the mechanical (tensile bond strength (TBS) and Shore A hardness), mass change, and antifungal properties of soft denture lining material. Butyl pyridinium chloride (BPCL) and octyl pyridinium chloride (OPCL) were synthesized, characterized, and mixed in concentrations ranging from 0.65-10% w/w with a soft denture liner (Molloplast-B) and were divided into seven groups (C, BPCL1-3, and OPCL1-3). The TBS of bar-shaped specimens was calculated on a Universal Testing Machine. For Shore A hardness, disc-shaped specimens were analyzed using a durometer. The mass change (%) of specimens was calculated by the weight loss method. The antifungal potential of ionic liquids and test specimens was measured using agar well and disc diffusion methods (p ≤ 0.05). The alamarBlue assay was performed to assess the biocompatibility of the samples. The mean TBS values of Molloplast-B samples were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) for all groups except for OPCL1. Compared with the control, the mean shore A hardness values were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) for samples in groups BPCL 2 and 3. After 6 weeks, the OPCL samples showed a significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) mass change as compared to the control. Agar well diffusion methods demonstrated a maximum zone of inhibition for 2.5% OPCL (20.5 ± 0.05 mm) after 24 h. Disc diffusion methods showed no zones of inhibition. The biocompatibility of the ionic liquid-modified sample was comparable to that of the control. The addition of ionic liquids in Molloplast-B improved the liner's surface texture, increased its hardness, and decreased its % mass change and tensile strength. Ionic liquids exhibited potent antifungal activity.

Tensile Bond Strength between Different Denture Base Materials and Soft Denture Liners.

(1) Background: Various materials are available for CAD-CAM denture base fabrication, for both additive and subtractive manufacturing. However, little has been reported on bond strength to soft denture liners. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate tensile bond strength, comparing between different denture base materials and soft denture liners. (2) Methods: Seven different materials were used for denture base fabrication: one heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate, three materials for subtractive manufacturing, two materials for additive manufacturing and one polyamide. Two materials were used for soft denture lining: one silicone-based and one acrylate-based. The study was conducted according to the specification ISO No. 10139-2:2016, and the type of failure was determined. The Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test was used to analyse the values of tensile bond strength, and Fisher's exact test was used to analyse the type of failure. p Values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. (3) Results: The tensile bond strength values were not statistically significantly different combining all the materials used for denture base fabrication with the acrylate-based soft denture liner (p > 0.05), and the average values ranged between 0.19 and 0.25 Mpa. The tensile bond strength values of the different denture base materials and silicone-based denture liner were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05), and the average values ranged between 1.49 and 3.07 Mpa. The type of failure was predominantly adhesive between polyamide and both additive-manufactured denture base materials in combination with the acrylate-based soft liner (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The use of digital technologies in denture base fabrication can have an influence on different tensile bond strength values for soft denture liners, with different types of failure when compared with heat-cured PMMA. Similar tensile bond strength values were found between the acrylate-based soft denture liner and denture base materials. Significant differences in tensile bond strength values were found between the silicone-based soft denture liner and denture base materials, where the additive-manufactured and polyamide denture base materials showed lower values than heat-cured PMMA and subtractive-manufactured denture base materials.

Tensile Bond Strength of Hypoallergenic Acetal Resin and Heat-cured Acrylic Resin to Soft Denture Liners

Tensile Bond Strength of Hypoallergenic Acetal Resin and Heat-cured Acrylic Resin to Soft Denture Liners

Assessing the Antifungal Activity of a Soft Denture Liner Loaded with Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs)

Soft denture lining materials are susceptible to be colonized by different microorganisms, especially by Candida albicans (C. albicans), causing denture-induced stomatitis. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) into a soft denture liner towards reducing microbial activity. A total of 40 PEMA-TiO2 nanocomposites samples were fabricated by adding 0.0 wt.% (control), 1.0 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2 wt.% TiO2 NPs to a heat cured soft denture lining material (polyethyl methacrylate, PEMA). The prepared samples were divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the content of TiO2 NPs. The uniformity of TiO2 NPS distribution within the denture liner matrix was assessed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The viable count of C. albicans was evaluated to test the antifungal resistance of the developed composite. The SEM images showed fairly homogeneous dispersion, with patches of TiO2 NPs agglomeration within the PEMA matrix and an increasing concentration of NPs with higher NP content. The particle map and EDX analysis confirmed the evidence of the TiO2 NPs. The mean viable count results for the control (0.0 wt.%) and 1.0 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2 wt.% TiO2 groups were 139.80, 12.00, 6.20, and 1.00, respectively, with a significant difference from the control group (p < 0.05). The antifungal activity also increased with the increase in the concentration of TiO2 NPs. The addition of TiO2 NPs into a heat-cured soft denture liner provided antifungal activity as evidenced by the reduced colonization of C. albicans. The antimicrobial activity of the liner material increased with the increased concentration of TiO2 NPS.

The Effect Of Surface Treatment And Thermocycling On Bond Strength Between Silicon Soft Denture Lining And Acrylic Resin Denture Base

Introduction: Silicon Soft Denture Liner (SDL) is often used along with heat polymerization acrylic resin (PMMA) as an obturator material because it can cover the undercut area in a broad defect for long term and painlessly. Despite that, silicon SDL and PMMA have different molecular structures so that they have a low bond strength. Long-term use can also affect the bond strength, so there is a need to increase the bond strength between PMMA and SDL. A method to increase the bond strength is surface treatment. This study is conducted to determine the effect of surface treatment and thermocycling on the bond strength of PMMA and Silicon SDL. Methods: The study used 40 samples (8 groups) divided into 4 groups based on the surface treatments, namely no surface treatment, sandblast, adhesive primer and combination, and further divided into two groups of thermocycling and without thermocycling treatment. The bond strength between PMMA and SDL was tested with tensile test by using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Results: One-way ANOVA analysis showed there were significant differences of the bond strength among all groups (p &lt;0.05) where the adhesive primer showed the highest value in all treatment groups. Conclusion: There is an effect of surface treatment and thermocycling on the bond strength between the PMMA and SDL, where the adhesive primer as a surface treatment material shows the highest bond strength of all.

Impact of Acrylic and Silicone-Based Soft-Liner Materials on Biting Force and Quality of Life of the Complete Denture Wearers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This rerandomized clinical trial evaluated the influence of soft liners (SL) on biting force, pain perception, and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of complete denture wearers. Twenty-eight completely edentulous patients complaining of ill-fitting lower complete dentures were selected to participate in the study from the Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, Taibah University. All patients received new complete maxillary and mandibular dentures; then they were randomly divided into two groups (14 patients in each group): the acrylic-based SL group, in which the mandibular denture was lined with an acrylic-based soft liner, and the silicone-based SL group, in which the mandibular denture was lined with a silicone-based soft liner. OHRQoL and maximum bite force (MBF) were assessed in this study before denture relining (baseline), then at one month and three months after relining. The finding showed that both treatment modalities significantly improved the OHRQoL of included patients at one-month and three-month periods compared to baseline records (i.e., dentures before relining) with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). However, there is no statistical difference between groups at the baseline, one-, and three-month follow-up periods. Regarding maximum biting force, when acrylic-based SL is compared to silicone-based SL, there is no statistical difference between groups at baseline (75 ± 31 and 83 ± 32 N) and one-month follow-up periods (145 ± 53 and 156 ± 49 N); however, after three months of function, the silicone-based group recorded 166 ± 57 N statistically significant high biting force compared to the acrylic-based group that recorded 116 ± 47 N (p < 0.05). Permanent soft denture liners positively affect maximum biting force, pain perception, and OHRQoL more than conventional dentures. After three months, silicone-based SL outperformed acrylic-based soft liners in maximum biting force, which may indicate better long-term results.

Effect of non-thermal oxygen-DBD plasma treatment on reducing the phthalate leach and in improving the mechanical strength properties of polymethyl methacrylate denture base and denture liner

Phthalates and esters of aromatic carboxylic acids are used as plasticizers in certain denture soft-lining materials and tissue conditioners. The presence of phthalates is of concern, because they may induce undesirable biological effects such as hormonal disorders, reproductive toxicity, hepatocellular tumours, genital disorders owing to a capacity to bind oestrogen receptors. Despite the potential risk posed by phthalates, their use in denture and denture liner is unavoidable due to the lack of efficient substituent material. Varied curing cycles, solvent wash, thermal plasma treatment/curing, etc., are some of the methods used to eliminate the phthalate content. The use of varied curing cycles, thermal plasma curing etc., will harm the polymer matrix of the acrylic denture resulting in further complication of the acrylic-liner interface bond architecture such as increased wettability, formation of pores, formation of gas pockets, micro fractures at the edges, etc. Hence, in order to overcome the above mentioned, curing of the materials under non thermal Oxygen dielectric barrier discharge (NT-O2/DBD) plasma is suggested. Sets of research samples prepared and lined with PDMS liners (as per ISO 178) were treated with NT-O2/DBD plasma. The treated samples were subjected to mechanical strength tests and calorimetric phthalate leach test. The results indicated that NT-O2/DBD plasma reduced the phthalate content remarkably and improved the overall mechanical strength properties when compared to the controls (thermal plasma treated and heat cured samples).

Effect of EVA-TiO2 composite interfacial buffer layer in improving the bond strength between PMMA denture base and PDMS liner

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most common dental liner that is used with acrylic dentures. A strong bond between the liner and the denture is a must, for the proper functioning and the longevity of the prosthesis. Debonding of the liner may occur due to an inefficient bond with the denture, or low cohesive strength due to wettablility/hydration and water/liquid storage-retention. The increased wettability/hydration pass on the moisture to the acrylic boundary surface causing initiation of debonding process. Hence, in order to prevent the debonding due to wettablility/hydration a novel method of introducing a hydrophobic polymer interfacial buffer layer between the acrylic denture surface and the PDMS liner surface is suggested. In, the present research work, ethylene vinylacetate (EVA) reinforced with titania (TiO2) polymer microfilm composite layer is prepared by solution casting method. The thin polymer film is placed between the acrylic denture surface and the PDMS liner surface and heat cured together to obtain a hydrophobic interfacial buffer layer. Wettability, fluid absorption and retention tests were performed to investigate the hydrophobic properties of the composite interfacial buffer layer. Mechanical strength properties on the prepared specimen (as per ISO 178) revealed that the EVA-TiO2 layer offered superior bonding and also improved the overall mechanical properties of the acrylic dentures without disturbing the mass and density of the denture.

A Randomised Clinical Study of the Effect of a Denture Soft Liner on Mandibular Ridge Resorption in Complete Denture Wearers After One and Two Years Of Denture Insertion

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of soft denture liners on mandibular ridge resorption in complete denture wearers after two years of use. Methodology: The study included 32 patients ranging in age from 35 to 65 years old. Those patients were completely edentulous with well formed ridges, Class I relation and no medical problem. Thirty two selected patients were divided into two groups, namely Experimental group and Control group. Control group (n = 16, 8 males and 8 females) received conventional maxillary and mandibular complete dentures. Whereas in Experimental group, (n = 16, 8 males and 8 females) silicone lined lower complete denture were made. Three panoramic radiographs (orthopantomogram [OPG]) were taken for each participant to assess the amount of bone resorption; immediately, one year, and two years after denture insertion. For comparing two groups at three different time intervals, analysis of variance (ANOVA) two way with post-hoc tests was used. A statistically significant pvalue of less than 0.05 was considered. Results: After denture delivery, there was significant change in bone height in all patients ( p &lt; 0.001) . The comparison of bone height between the two groups in different regions at different time intervals revealed a significant difference in bone levels at baseline to one year and baseline to two years. However, Experimental group experienced 50% less bone loss than control group over a two-year period. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, it can be inferred that use of soft liners helps in reducing residual ridge resorption significantly when compared with conventional denture material.

Comparative evaluation of antifungal efficacy and potency of soft liners incorporated with powder extracts of Lawsonia inermis and Withania somnifera on the growth of Candida albicans – An in vitro study

CONTEXT: Denture relining materials are soft and resilient materials used in the treatment of patients with denture soreness. Studies have concluded that rugged surface of the liners allows the sticking of the Candida albicans and later gives rise to a condition called denture-induced stomatitis.AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the antifungal efficacy and potency of denture soft liners incorporated with powder extract of Lawsonia inermis and Withania somnifera on the growth of C. albicans.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 105 samples were taken in this in vitro study and was divided into three groups: To check for the antifungal activity with 35 samples each. L. inermis and W. somnifera powder extract were incorporated in soft liner at 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% concentration and the antifungal efficacy against C. albicans was tested by calculating the diameter of inhibition zone for 1, 7, and 14 days.Statistical analysis used: Subgroup analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Pair-wise comparisons were carried out through Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures.RESULTS: When comparison of four subgroups (1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) was done with the mean zone of antifungal efficacy at 1st day, 7th day, and 14th day time points in both the groups by one-way ANOVA, statistically significant results were obtained with P of 0.0001.CONCLUSIONS: L. inermis and W. somnifera natural herb extracts have shown to have antifungal activity against C. albicans and can be used as an alternative for the synthetic antifungal drugs.