Denture Cleansers Research Articles

Effectiveness of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) Ethanol Extract in Inhibiting Microbes in Biofilm on Acrylic Resin Denture Plates

Artificial acrylic resin tooth plates can get stained and accumulate plaque with various harmful microorganisms. Hence, a natural ingredient-based denture cleanser is required to prevent or remove extrinsic stains and plaque on the dental plates of acrylic resin dentures. The research objective is to demonstrate the efficacy of pinelapplel elxtract in relmoving or minimizing plaqulel on artificial telelth and to asselss thel elffelct of ulsing pinelapplel elxtract as a clelaning agelnt on thel qulality of lifel of delntulrel welarelrs. This relselarch is a laboratory elxpelrimelnt with a post telst only control groulp delsign. Thel stuldy samplels welrel pulrel culltulrel isolatels of Staphylococculs aulreluls, Elntelrococculs facialis, and Strelptococculs gordonii. This relselarch had six groulps, namelly pinelapplel elthanol elxtract 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, positivel and nelgativel controls by calcullating thel samplel sizel ulsing thel Feldelrelr formulla and geltting relplication for elach groulp 4 timels. Data welrel elxamineld ulsing onel-way ANOVA and Posthoc LSD statistical melthods. According to thel relselarch findings, it can bel claimeld that pinelapplel elthanol elxtract is elffelctivel in prelvelnting thel growth of Staphylococculs aulreluls, Elntelrococculs faelcalis, and Strelptococculs gordonii bactelria. Thel relselarch conclulsion is that pinelapplel elthanol elxtract can elliminatel or minimizel plaqulel-caulsing microbels on artificial acrylic relsin tooth platels to elnhancel thel qulality of lifel of delntulrel welarelrs

Description of oral health in older adults at the Gerontological Center "Los Rosales" in Ecuador

Oral health is fundamental in the quality of life of human beings and older adults tend to neglect it. The objective of the study was to describe oral health in older adults of the Gerontological Center "Los Rosales" in Ecuador. It was a descriptive, observational, prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional research. Surveys were conducted with 40 older adults. This study revealed crucial perceptions about the understandings and behaviors related to oral health among older adults in the Gerontology Center of "Los Rosales" sector. The results indicate unanimity in the importance attributed to oral health, with 100 % of the participants recognizing its impact on quality of life. However, there is a notable discrepancy between this assessment and effective dental care practices: a low percentage of annual dental visits, together with a tendency towards self-medication and the use of home remedies for discomfort. In addition, the majority of respondents have removable prostheses and highlight nutrition as a crucial factor in dental care, but there are gaps in knowledge and application of proper denture cleaning practices. It is concluded that there is a significant gap between the perception of the importance of oral health and concrete actions for its care and prevention in the older adult population. The practices adopted do not always reflect knowledge of the subject, which underscores the need for educational interventions and access to dental services

Sapindus Mukurossi - An Effective Biocleanser for Removable Dental Prostheses? An In vitro Study.

This study aims to determine the efficient concentration of Sapindus mukorossi that can be used as a denture cleanser. 60 heat cure denture base resin specimens of dimensions 10*10*2 mm were fabricated. Among these, 30 were fabricated by compression moulding technique and the remaining 30 by an injection moulding technique. The samples inoculated with Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans were subjected to denture cleansing protocols using a medicinal herbal extract from the Sapindus mukorossi, at various concentrations [15%, 20%, and 25%]. The colony-forming unit [CFU] values were evaluated using a microprocessor colony counter. The statistical analysis was performed. The intragroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference between all groups except the compression moulded samples inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. The intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant differences between the compared groups. The reduction in CFU values is evident in the effective anti-microbial activity of Sapindus mukorossi. A concentration of 25% Sapindus mukorossi solution showed the greatest efficiency. The maximum anti-microbial activity was observed against Candida albicans in a 25% concentration of Sapindus mukorossi. Among all, injection moulded samples showed better results.

Effectiveness biduri leaf extract (Calotropis gigantea) as a denture cleanser in acrylic immersion against the growth of Candida albicans: an experimental laboratory

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The high number of cases of tooth loss in Indonesia has led to the emergence of dentures. Dentures not appropriately kept clean can trigger cases of denture stomatitis due to Candida albicans. C. albicans is often detected on denture plates and causes denture stomatitis. Cleaning the dentures can prevent denture stomatitis, and chemical cleaning often uses synthetic materials such as alkaline peroxide. However, alkaline peroxide can cause side effects in the form of increased porosity on the surface of the acrylic plate, so an alternative natural ingredient, namely biduri leaves (Calotropis gigantea), is needed because it has various active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids and tannins which have antifungal effects. This study aimed to determine the effective inhibitory power of biduri leaf extract as a denture cleanser in acrylic immersion against the growth of C. albicans. Methods: Biduri leaves were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent to produce varying concentrations of 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The sample used in this research was an acrylic plate measuring 10x10x1 mm, soaked in artificial sterile saliva for 1 hour, then soaked in each sample group for 8 hours, after that it was placed in 10 ml of Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) media, and vibrated for 30 seconds using a mixing vortex, spreading 0,1ml SDB on Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and incubated for 48 hours. The growth of C. albicans was observed and counted using the colony counting method. Result: This research showed an inhibitory power of biduri leaf extract in concentrations of 20, 30, 40, and 50% on the growth of C. albicans, with a concentration of 50%, having the most significant inhibitory power. Conclusion: Biduri leaf extract as a denture cleanser has an inhibitory power on the growth of C. albicans.KEYWORDS Biduri leaves, Calotropis gigantea, heat cured acrylic, Candida albicans

Toxicity test of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) as denture cleanser of heat-cured acrylic resin: in vitro experimental laboratory

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Mangosteen peel extract can be used as a denture cleaning agent to effectively inhibit the growth of C. albicans because mangosteen peel contains various compounds such as mangostin, tannins, flavonoids, saponins. Denture cleaning materials that will be used in the dental field must meet biocompatibility requirements, one of which is a toxicity test. The aim of this study was to analyze the toxicity of mangosteen peel extract as a cleaner of heat cured acrylic resin denture on BHK-21 as cell culture of fibroblast cells. Methods: Toxicity test used the MTT assay method. Acrylic resin samples had a diameter of 3 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The acrylic resin was soaked for 4 days, equivalent to soaking 15 minutes per day for 1 year in mangosteen peel extract with concentrations of 50, 60, 70%, and sodium hypochlorite. Analyzed data using normality and homogeneity test results showed (p<0.05). Kruskal Wallis test results (0.000<0.05) and Mann Whitney (0.000<0.05). Results: The greatest cell viability value was shown in mangosteen peel extract with a concentration of 50%, namely 97.16939%. Based on research data, it can be said that the lower the concentration of mangosteen peel extract, the lower the level of toxicity of a denture cleanser agent. Mangosteen peel extract in concentrations of 60, 70%, and sodium hypochlorite are toxic when used as a denture cleanser. Conclusion: Mangosteen peel extract with a concentration of 50% is not toxic to BHK-21 fibroblast cells as cell culture of and as a cleaner of heat cured acrylic resin denture on.Keywordheat-cured acrylic resin, mangosteen peel extract, MTT assay.

The Influence of The Soaking Period of Acrylic Resin in Basil Leaf (Ocimum Basilicum) Extract towards The Growth of Candida Albicans

Denture hygiene, which is not taken care of, can lead to denture stomatitis caused by plaque accumulation and bacterial or fungal colonization. Fungal colonization is often found in Candida albicans. Denture cleanser that is characterized as nontoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial and can work in a short period is required. Basil leaf contains atsiri oil, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin, which works as antifungal and antibacterial. This study aims to identify the influence of the soaking period of acrylic resin in basil leaf extract on the growth of Candida albicans. 15 plates of acrylic resin were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was soaked into 80% basil leaf extract concentration for 4 hours, group 2 was soaked for 6 hours, and group 3 was soaked for 8 hours. The result of the one-way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference p< 0,05. The group with 8 hours of soaking period was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans

Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of chemical, mechanical and chemico-mechanical methods of denture cleaning for removal of stains from heat polymerised acrylic resin denture base - An in- vitro study

An essential quality of acrylic resin denture bases is colour stability. Over time, acrylic resin bases have a tendency to attract stains, which causes the denture base's colour to alter. These modifications sometimes make the denture less aesthetically pleasing for the wearer, which leads to patient unhappiness and higher replacement costs. The study's objective was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of cleaning dentures using chemical, mechanical, and chemico-mechanical methods for removing stains from the heat polymerized acrylic resin denture base.A total of 120 samples of heat polymerised acrylic resin were fabricated and stained using sambhar solution for 10 days under controlled conditions. The baseline optical density of the samples was determined. The samples were then subjected to stain removal procedure by either - chemical, mechanical or chemico-mechanical method. After which the optical density was again determined. The efficiency of the three methods used was determined by the difference in the optical density after staining and post cleaning and compared with the baseline optical density measured previously. The data was analysed using One-way ANOVA test. Post hoc comparison was made by Bonferroni t-test. p<0.0.5 was considered as statistically significant. Data analysis was done using the statistical software STATA version 13.0.The results suggested that the chemico-mechanical method was the best method for stain removal from the acrylic samples. However, the mechanical method of denture cleaning was found to be equally effective. The chemical method was least effective in removing stains from the surface of heat polymerised acrylic resin. The chemico-mechanical method was 95.16% effective and the mechanical method used was 92.12% effective, proving that the chemico-mechanical was the most effective method for removing stains from the acrylic resin amongst the 3 techniques compared.

Recommendations for post-rehabilitation care of maxillofacial prostheses

Aim: This study aimed to review the scientific literature to describe the main care and hygiene protocols for different types of maxillofacial prostheses (MFP). Methods: A bibliographic search on the PubMed / Medline database using the following keywords: [“maxillofacial prosthesis” OR “ocular prostheses” OR “palatal obturators”] AND [“Cleaning” OR “disinfection”] AND [“care”] AND [“color stability”] OR [“denture cleansers” OR “cleansing agents”]. Articles addressing materials, cleaning and disinfection protocols, and care related to MFP were included. The following exclusion criteria were applied: no adequate methodology, incompatibility with the area of interest, and unavailability for reading in full. Results: The papers were grouped into the following topics: facial prostheses, ocular prostheses, maxillofacial intraoral prostheses, and retention systems. Conclusion: Despite the MFP changes over time, its degradation decreases upon following the recommendations and post-adaptation care. The guidelines for cleaning and disinfection must be individualized to guarantee the longevity of the prosthesis and the patient health.

Impact strength of heat-cured acrylic resin after immersion in tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum L.) effervescent tablets: An experimental study

Abstract Aim: To determine the effect of immersing heat-cured acrylic resin on tobacco leaf extract (TLE) effervescent tablets 75% on the impact strength. Materials and Methods: This research used an experimental design. Rectangular acrylic resin with a size of 60 mm × 12 mm × 3 mm, according to American Standards for Testing and Materials, was used. The samples were divided into three groups: immersed in distilled water as a negative control group, immersed in a solution of TLE effervescent tablets with a concentration of 75%, and immersed in commercially available dental cleansers as a positive control group. The immersion of the samples was carried out for 16 days which was equivalent to cleaning 30 min per day for 2 years. TLE effervescent tablets were compared with commercially available dental cleansers. Next, the impact strength of the sample was tested. Results: The one-way analysis of variance test results showed a P-value <0.005, that is, a significant difference in each treatment group’s impact strength of heat-cured acrylic resin denture bases. The results of the post hoc test (least significance difference; LSD) showed that there is no significant difference in the impact strength of immersed acrylic in 75% TLE effervescent tablets with aquades compared to denture commercially available dental cleansers. Conclusions: 75% TLE effervescent tablets as a denture cleanser have the effect of reducing the impact strength of heat-cured acrylic resin type with a soaking time of 16 days, which is equivalent to cleaning 30 min per day for 2 years. The limitation of this research is the type of heat-cured acrylic used only from one brand, maybe different brands will give different results, so further testing is needed to prove it.

Qualitative assessment of the removable denture microbiome.

Assessment of the denture plaque can provide a valuable report regarding the oral health of geriatric patients and the oral hygiene habits in this population group. Focusing on the current research gap on this topic in Romania, our research aims to highlight the microbial plaque on the different surfaces and types of removable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) prostheses to qualitatively evaluate the microbial species, and to assess the combined effect of mechanical and chemical cleaning of dentures on the prosthetic microbiome. The prosthetic plaque from four denture wearers was identified with a UV activated fluorescent revealer and digitally photographed. Swab samples according to a certain hygiene protocol were cultured on three different growth media such as blood agar (BA), bromothymol blue lactose agar (AABTL) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Denture plaque was variably distributed on the surface of the prostheses. Regardless of the denture type (conventional complete denture, tooth or implant supported overdenture, removable partial denture) the microbial plaque was identified at the retentive areas, especially at interdental spaces. The main plaque deposition areas were the vestibular incline of the labial flange of the maxillary denture and the lingual incline of the posterior lingual flange of the mandibular denture. The prosthetic microbiome consisted of pathogenic Gram-positive aerobes (Streptococcus spp. and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp.), Gram-positive anaerobes (Actinomyces spp. and Klebsiella spp.) as well as subspecies of fungi of the genus Candida. Despite its poor variety, the denture microbiome in the investigated cases hosts colonies with high pathogenic potential. Some areas of the prostheses are more likely to accumulate dental plaque. Dentists should insist through more regular checks of the patients and their caregivers on ensuring the biocontrol of the dentures, especially in frail geriatric patients exposed to greater risks related to general health.

The effect of tobacco leave pastes (Nicotiana tabacum L.) 50% concentration as a denture cleanser on the surface roughness of thermoplastic nylon

Microporosity of thermoplastic nylon can lead to increased surface roughness values. Surface roughness of thermoplastic nylon can facilitate colonization of microorganisms that can lead to denture stomatitis. The mechanical cleaning process of denture using an electric toothbrush and denture cleaning paste is considered effective for removing plaque and microorganisms attached. To reduce surface roughness, the use of natural materials such as tobacco leaves is considered beneficial because it can reduce the content of abrasive materials. This study aims to determine the effect of tobacco leaf paste as a denture cleanser on the surface roughness of thermoplastic nylon. This study using a laboratory experimental design with a post test only control group design involving 27 samples sized 60 x 10 x 2.5 mm which were divided into three groups including the brushing control group without paste, the brushing group with placebo paste, and the brushing group with 50% tobacco leaf paste (TLP). The results showed that tobacco leaf paste was considered effective as a thermoplastic nylon denture cleanser and had an effect on reducing surface roughness values with an average surface roughness value that was still acceptable to the oral cavity. In conclusion, 50% tobacco leaf paste is recommended as an effective denture cleanser and produces surface roughness values acceptable to the oral cavity.

Biofilm removal effect of diatom complex on 3D printed denture base resin

For patients who have difficulty in mechanical cleaning of dental appliances, a denture cleaner that can remove biofilm with dense extracellular polymeric substances is needed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of diatom complex with active micro-locomotion for removing biofilms from 3D printed dentures. The diatom complex, which is made by doping MnO2 nanosheets on diatom biosilica, is mixed with H2O2 to generate fine air bubbles continuously. Denture base resin specimens were 3D printed in a roof shape, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (107 CFU/mL) was cultured on those for biofilm formation. Cleaning solutions of phosphate-buffered saline (negative control, NC), 3% H2O2 with peracetic acid (positive control, PC), denture cleanser tablet (DCT), 3% H2O2 with 2 mg/mL diatom complex M (Melosira, DM), 3% H2O2 with 2 mg/mL diatom complex A (Aulacoseira, DA), and DCT with 2 mg/mL DM were prepared and applied. To assess the efficacy of biofilm removal quantitatively, absorbance after cleaning was measured. To evaluate the stability of long-term use, surface roughness, ΔE, surface micro-hardness, and flexural strength of the 3D printed dentures were measured before and after cleaning. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows with one-way ANOVA, followed by Scheffe’s test as a post hoc (p < 0.05). The group treated with 3% H2O2 with DA demonstrated the lowest absorbance value, followed by the groups treated with 3% H2O2 with DM, PC, DCT, DCT + DM, and finally NC. As a result of Scheffe’s test to evaluate the significance of difference between the mean values of each group, statistically significant differences were shown in all groups based on the NC group. The DA and DM groups showed the largest mean difference though there was no significant difference between the two groups. Regarding the evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the denture base resin, no statistically significant differences were observed before and after cleaning. In the cytotoxicity test, the relative cell count was over 70%, reflecting an absence of cytotoxicity. The diatom complex utilizing active micro-locomotion has effective biofilm removal ability and has a minimal effect in physical and mechanical properties of the substrate with no cytotoxicity.

UJI ORGANOLEPTIK dan DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ALGA COKLAT (Sargassum Polycystum) TERHADAP JAMUR Candida albicans

Background: Candida albicans, a fungal normal flora that causes Denture stomatitis. Sargassum polycystum is a brown algae species (Phaeophyceae) which grows almost along the coasts of Indonesia islands, known to have antifungal and antibacterial activities. Purpose: To determine the inhibition of brown algae extract (Sargassum polycystum)’s on the growth of Candida albicans and determine whether Sargassum polycystum extract works as denture cleanser material through organoleptic test. Methods: The sample was Candida albicans equal to 0,5 McFarland (108 CFU/ml). The experiment groups comprises negative control group (K-) with 1% DMSO, positive control group (K+) with 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and treatment groups 1-4 (P1;P2;P3;P4) consecutively with 2,5%; 5%; 10%; 20% Sargassum polycystum ethanol extract macerated for 15 minutes in 5 (Ø 6mm) paper discs. SDA medium was incubated for 24 hours and the visible transparent zone was calculated. Organoleptic test was conducted by asking 10 panelists about the observation on color, smell, and homogeneity level of brown algae extract (Sargassum polycystum) with the concentrations of 2,5%; 5%; 10%; and 20%. The experiment result was analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Experiment material’s inhibitory effect was undetectable as Sargassum polycystum ethanol extract against 1% DMSO solvent’s solubility was not homogeneous. The organoleptic test result showed that color, smell, and homogeneity level of brown algae extract (Sargassum polycystum) was not compliant with antiseptic standards. Conclusion: No inhibitory effect in brown algae extract (Sargassum polycystum) as the organoleptic test proved the antiseptic standards were not fulfilled.

Effect of Denture Cleansers on Color Stability of Acrylic and Composite Artificial Teeth

Effect of Denture Cleansers on Color Stability of Acrylic and Composite Artificial Teeth

The Effect of some Natural Products as a Denture Cleansers on some Physical Properties of Acrylic Denture Base Material

The study aims to evaluate the effect of some commercially available natural products (soda+ vinegar, soda +thymol , saturated salt solution) in relation to the commercial denture cleansers (Protifex) ,on surface roughness and hardness dimensional accuracy of acrylic denture base materials. one hundred samples were prepared from heat activated acrylic resin denture base material, they are (1cm*1cm*2mm length, width and thickness respectively). After that, half of the samples for each group were immersed for ½ hr per day in the denture cleanser, the other half of the samples immersed for 8 hr per day in the denture cleanser through one month. The denture cleansers used are three solutions prepared freshly everyday for immersion of the samples. The surface roughness of the samples were tested by using Stylus profilometer(Talysurf 10, England), while the hardness of the samples were tested by using Rockwell hardness tester (Wolpert, Germany), the mean is taken for each group and evaluated by using one way analysis of variance test, Dunnet T-test to compare the groups. The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in the surface roughness and hardness, but with significant difference between treats of length of acrylic resin denture base material and duration of immersion at (P=0.05). All the prepared natural solutions would be accepted in relation to effect on surface roughness , dimensional accuracy, and hardness of acrylic denture base material.

Effects of various disinfectants on surface roughness and color stability of thermoset and 3D-printed acrylic resin.

Denture cleansers are extensively utilized to inhibit the colonization of various Candida species. Currently, additive technology in denture fabrication has become more prevalent. This study aims to assess the impact of disinfectants on the surface roughness and color stability of distinct denture bases. Disc-shaped samples (N=66) were exposed to three different disinfectants: 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% hydrogen peroxide, and 2% chlorhexidine. The samples underwent evaluation via spectrophotometry and profilometry, respectively. Data analysis was conducted utilizing analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05). Within the heat-cured group, sodium hypochlorite resulted in the most notable change in surface roughness (0.2 μm), while chlorhexidine exhibited the least impact (0.001 μm), showing a significant difference (p <0.008). The color change (ΔE) for 3D-printed samples immersed in all disinfectants was higher compared to heat-cured samples. Among the heat-cured samples, chlorhexidine induced the highest ΔE (2.76), while sodium hypochlorite resulted in the lowest (ΔE = 1.44), and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.008). Chlorhexidine caused the most significant color alteration among the solutions, while sodium hypochlorite induced the most considerable changes in surface roughness.

Impact of Sorts Disinfection and Cleansing Material on Hardness of Different Types of Denture Base Material

Dentist, dental technician and assistants are faced a several kinds of microorganisms during wor like bacteria, fungi and viruses .So, we can prevent cross contamination by using either chemica or mechanical disinfection. The aim of the research was to measure the effect of different types of chemical disinfection on the hardness of two types of denture base resin, heat activated acry and nylon (flexible). A total number of 80 denture resin specimens (40 specimens from hea activated acrylic and 40 specimens from flexible resin) were prepared. Each type of specim was subdivided into 4 groups. Three groups were divided according to the type of dentur disinfectants (1%sodium hypochlorite, 1% povidine/iodine, Kin solution) and the fourth whi considered as control group was immersed in distilled water. All specimens were immersed testing solution for 90 minutes at 370C. The hardness of the specimens before and af immersion was tested using Shore D machine. Our study showed that the mean value hardness test for poly methyl methacrylate higher than polyamide and there need aid non significant Contrast in the resistance of the surface to scratches and indentation between diver sorts of thermoplastic resin after using chemical disinfectant and denture cleansers w i comparison with control group for each type of denture base resin. The resistance to indentati of different types of denture base would not affected by short time immersion in chemica disinfectant.

Comprehensive Overview of Denture Stomatitis from Etiology to Prevention

Denture stomatitis (DS) is an oral mucosal inflammation prevalent among denture wearers, characterized by diffuse or localized erythematous inflammation. Its occurrence, affecting 20%–80% of denture users globally, is nearly equal across genders, with a slight female predominance. The condition's etiology is multifaceted, involving poor oral and denture hygiene, continuous denture wear (especially overnight), and ill-fitting dentures leading to trauma. Candida albicans, along with other microbial agents, play a significant role in DS pathogenesis, facilitated by an environment conducive to fungal growth. Treatment and prevention strategies focus on patient education, behavior modification, and routine dental care. These include daily mechanical cleaning and appropriate disinfection of dentures, periodic professional maintenance, and avoiding constant denture wear. The review emphasizes the importance of distinguishing cleaning from disinfection and sterilization, highlighting effective methods like immersion in sodium hypochlorite solutions and microwave irradiation. Despite the efficacy of antifungal treatments, their use is limited due to the potential for recurrence. The review underscores the necessity for continuous commitment to denture hygiene and the benefits of using high-quality prosthodontic materials for denture maintenance and replacement. A comprehensive approach to managing DS contributes to the long-term resolution of clinical signs and reduces health risks in vulnerable populations.

Colour Stability of Two Different Denture Base Resins and the Efficacy of Two Denture Cleansing Agents after Tea and Coffee Staining: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: In dentistry, colour is one of the most important dimensions of aesthetics. Due to the diverse food habits in India, stains accumulate on dentures. Various denture cleansing agents such as Fittydent and Clinsodent are widely used, emphasising the importance of patient oral hygiene. Aim: To evaluate the colour stability of heat-cure activated acrylic denture base resins {Dental Products of India (DPI) and Trevalon} after staining with tea and coffee, subsequently treated with Clinsodent, Fittydent, and distilled water (control group) as cleansing agents. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted at Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, in the Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, and Implantology in collaboration with Indorama, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, over a period of approximately 90 days (August-October 2017). Total 120 samples were prepared in-vitro study using custom-made brass metal discs measuring 10 mm by 2 mm. Trevalon and DPI heat-cure acrylic denture base resins were used for sample preparation. Baseline colour stability values were established after immersing the samples in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The samples were then stained for eight hours, followed by immersion in different cleansing agents and distilled water for 12 hours. This process was repeated every 24 hours for 60 days, with the staining and cleansing agents replenished daily. Colour measurements were taken at baseline, 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th days. Statistical analysis involved t-tests and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The DPI denture base resin exhibited a highly significant ∆E (change in energy) at 45 days (p=0.0001), while Trevalon showed significance at 60 days (p=0.0079). The difference in means was statistically significant using t-tests for independent samples, and the variance-measure analysis indicated statistical significance in the means of ∆E. The comparison of the three cleansing agents at 60 days was statistically obtained using one-way ANOVA. Conclusion: Dental Products of India (DPI) showed more colour variation than Trevalon. Tea showed a higher staining than coffee. Staining intensity increased over time, peaking at 45 days and stabilising thereafter. Clinsodent is better than Fittydent in removing stains.

Anti-biofilm effectiveness of protocols for cleaning complete dentures in hospitalized patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Denture biofilm acts as a potential reservoir for respiratory pathogens, considerably increasing the risk of lung infections, specifically aspiration pneumonia, mainly 48h after hospital admission. The establishment of a straightforward, affordable, and applicable hygiene protocol in a hospital environment for the effective control of denture biofilm can be particularly useful to prevent respiratory infections or reduce the course of established lung disease. To evaluate the anti-biofilm effectiveness of denture cleaning protocols in hospitalized patients. The maxillary complete dentures (MCDs) of 340 hospitalized participants were randomly cleaned once using one of the following 17 protocols (n=20): brushing with distilled water, toothpaste, or neutral liquid soap (controls); immersion in chemical solutions (1% sodium hypochlorite, alkaline peroxide, 0.12% or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate), or microwave irradiation (650 W for 3 min) combined or not with brushing. Before and after the application of the protocols, the biofilm of the intaglio surface of the MCDs was evaluated using two methods: denture biofilm coverage area (%) and microbiological quantitative cultures on blood agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (CFU/mL). Data were subjected to the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). All 17 protocols significantly reduced the percentage area of denture biofilm and microbial and fungal load (P<0.05). The highest percentage reductions in the area of denture biofilm were observed for 1% hypochlorite solution with or without brushing and for 2% chlorhexidine solution and microwave irradiation only in association with brushing (P<0.05). The greatest reductions in microbial and fungal load were found for the groups that used solutions of 2% chlorhexidine and 1% hypochlorite and microwave irradiation, regardless of the association with brushing (P<0.05). A single immersion for 10 min in 1% sodium hypochlorite, even in the absence of brushing, proved to be a straightforward, rapid, low-cost, and effective protocol for cleaning the dentures of hospitalized patients.