Denture Base Resin Research Articles

Effect of Denture Base Material on The Stresses Induced on Implant Supporting Mandibular Bar - retained Over-denture

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of heat cured acrylic resin denture base and glass fiber reinforced denture base on stresses induced on mandibular implant overdenture supporting structures by bar attachment using strain gauge analysis. Mandibular overdenture supported by a rigid interconnecting bar retained attachment connecting the two implants was constructed. According to the denture base material, mandibular overdentures were classified into Group I: Mandibular implant- supported overdenture was constructed using heat cured acrylic resin. Group II: Mandibular implant- supported overdenture was constructed using fiber reinforced acrylic resin. Two strain gauges were installed at the distal aspects of the implant to record the strain induced by anterior, unilateral and bilateral posterior loading of each overdenture using universal testing machine. Data was collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The result of this study showed that the highest stresses on the implant were recorded for the conventional heat cured acrylic denture base, and the difference was found to be statistically significant P<0.05 for both anterior and unilateral load. Within the limitation of this in vitro study, the use of fiber reinforced acrylic resin denture base material for implant supported overdenture leads to better stress distribution to the implant supporting bar attachment.

Microbial Adhesion and Cytotoxicity of Heat-Polymerized and 3D-Printed Denture Base Materials when Modified with Dimethylaminohexadecyl Methacrylate and/or 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine as Antimicrobial and Protein-Repellent Materials.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is ideal for denture bases but is prone to biofilm accumulation, leading to denture stomatitis (DS), often involving Candida albicans. Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) are introduced into dental materials for their antimicrobial and protein-repellent properties. This study investigates the effects of incorporating dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) into heat-polymerized (HP) and 3D-printed (3DP) denture base resins on microbial adhesion and cytotoxicity. HP and 3DP denture base specimens were prepared using varying concentrations of DMAHDM and MPC. Microbial adhesion was quantified using CFU counts of C. albicans, and cytotoxicity was assessed via an MTT assay using fibroblast cells after 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days. Both DMAHDM and MPC significantly reduced the CFU counts in both HP and 3DP materials; the combination of 1.5% DMAHDM and 3% MPC exhibited the most substantial antimicrobial effects. Cytotoxicity results varied between materials and time points; however, all treated groups maintained cell viability above the 70% threshold, indicating no significant cytotoxic effects. Incorporating DMAHDM and MPC into denture base resins can effectively reduce microbial adhesion while maintaining acceptable cytotoxicity levels.

Mechanical and optical properties of additively manufactured denture base resin in different colors modified with antimicrobial substances: An in vitro study.

Acrylic denture base resins are subject to colonization by oral and nonoral bacteria, contributing to the onset of denture stomatitis. However, how the addition of antimicrobial substances affects the mechanical and optical properties of additively manufactured denture base resin remains unclear. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the surface roughness, color stainability, and flexural strength of antimicrobial-modified, additively manufactured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin in tooth and gingiva colors. Three antibacterial agents, e-poly-L-lysine+ methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (e-MP), silver nanoparticles (AG-P), quaternized ammonium monomer (QA-P) synthesized via the reaction of octyl bromide and DMAEMA, were separately incorporated into tooth- or gingiva-colored 3-dimensionally (3D) printable PMMA specimens, simulating an implant-supported overdenture base or the artificial teeth (n=80). Unaltered specimens served as controls. Autopolymerizing acrylic resin was used to attach titanium matrix housings to gingiva-colored specimens. All specimens underwent coffee thermal cycling (CTC) comprising 10 000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C, and their color coordinates were measured. Surface roughness, color change (ΔE00), and flexural strength were calculated before and after CTC. The results were analyzed and compared by using ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05). All antibacterial agent-incorporated specimens showed lower ΔE00 values than the control (P=.001), with eM-P exhibiting the least color change (P=.001). The control group had the highest post-CTC roughness (Ra) values (P<.001), while all test groups demonstrated higher flexural strength than the control (P=.001). CTC had no significant effect on flexural strength (P>.115). The addition of antimicrobial agents to 3D printable implant overdenture base resin in tooth and gingiva color affected the materials' surface properties, color stainability, and flexural strength. Smoother surface, lower color stainability, and higher flexural strength were observed with the addition of eM-P.

Milling has superior mechanical properties to other fabrication methods for PMMA denture bases: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to compare different PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) complete denture base manufacturing techniques by evaluating their mechanical properties. The objective was to determine which method-compression molding, injection molding, milling, or 3D printing-offers the best performance. In vitro studies investigating mechanical properties of PMMA denture base resins. Four electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were screened for English language articles. Two independent researchers selected studies, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and evaluated evidence certainty. A total of 17152 articles were found by electronic databases. Finally, 63 studies were analyzed, using random-effects model for network meta-analysis. The outcomes investigated were flexural strength, flexural modulus, surface roughness, impact strength, and Vickers hardness. Milling consistently ranked first or second across outcomes, excelling in flexural strength, modulus, and surface roughness. In contrast, 3D-printed denture bases demonstrated the lowest mechanical performance, highlighting the limitations of this technique at present. Milling is generally recommended for PMMA denture bases due to its superior mechanical properties across most outcomes, supporting its use in clinical settings. However, while promising, 3D-printed PMMA denture bases require further improvement to meet clinical performance standards.

Physical-mechanical properties and accuracy of additively manufactured resin denture bases: Impact of printing orientation.

This systematic review evaluated the effect of different printing orientations on the physical-mechanical properties and accuracy of resin denture bases and related specimens. Utilizing PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases was conducted until June 2024. Included studies examined the accuracy, volumetric changes, and mechanical or physical properties of 3D-printed denture bases in various orientations. Studies without relevant data were excluded. Bias risk was assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist. This review included 24 studies on 3D-printed denture base resins, mainly based on stereolithography and digital light processing. Horizontal orientation (0°) generally enhanced flexural strength, while tilted and vertical orientations (90°) reduced it. Microhardness results varied due to differences in materials, layer thicknesses, and post-curing. Surface roughness was highest at 45°. Vertical orientation uses less material but is less time-efficient. Microbial adhesion, influenced by surface roughness, varied with printing orientation without a clear consensus on the optimal direction. Printing orientation significantly impacts the physical and mechanical properties and accuracy of 3D-printed resin dentures. A horizontal orientation (0°) improved flexural strength, while accuracy and adaptability were better at 45° and 90°. Surface roughness, translucency, and chemical stability are also affected by orientation, post-curing, and material choice. Although a 90° orientation reduces material use, it increases printing time. Standardized study designs are recommended for drawing definitive conclusions in future research.

Comparison of wear on the surfaces of denture base resins based on the type and application angle of ultrasonic scaler tips

Comparison of wear on the surfaces of denture base resins based on the type and application angle of ultrasonic scaler tips

The Surface roughness of acrylic denture base immersed with herbal denture cleanser

Background: Plaque accumulation on dentures can be prevented through daily denture cleaning. Currently, commercially available denture cleansers, such as the chemical-based product (Polident), may increase the surface roughness of acrylic resin denture bases, potentially enhancing microorganism adherence. Graptophyllum pictum leaf extract (GPLE 50%) concentration is emerging as a strong candidate for an herbal denture cleanser due to its potent fungicidal activity. However, to date, no studies have reported the effects of GPLE 50% on surface roughness. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of Graptophyllum pictum leaf extract at a 50% concentration as a denture cleaning agent on the surface roughness of acrylic denture bases, with immersion conducted for 5 minutes daily over periods of one, two, three, and four weeks. Methods: Nine acrylic resin base samples, each measuring 20mm x 10mm x 10mm, were divided into three groups: two control groups (Polident and distilled water) and one treatment group (GPLE 50%), with each group replicated three times. All samples were immersed for five minutes daily over a period of one, two, three, and four weeks. Surface roughness was measured using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and statistically analyzed. Result: There was no significant difference between the surface roughness of acrylic denture bases before and after treatment (One-Way ANOVA; p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: GPLE 50% did not have a significant effect on the surface roughness of the acrylic resin denture base.

3D-printed denture base resins: Glazing as an alternative to improve surface, mechanical, and microbiological properties.

To evaluate the impact of glazing denture base resins (heat-polymerized and 3D-printed) on surface, mechanical, and microbiological properties. Discs (10×3mm) and bars (64×10×3.3±0.2mm) were manufactured using heat-polymerized denture base resin (CT) and 3D-printed denture base resin (Yller [YL], Prizma [PZ] and PrintaX [PX]). These were divided into two groups: unglazed and glazed. Surface roughness (Ra), wettability (contact angle), brightness (GU), and topography (via scanning electron microscopy) were assessed, along with microbiological analysis of dual-species biofilms (Streptococcus mitis and Candida albicans) and Knoop microhardness on discs (n = 10). Flexural strength testing was conducted separately on bars (n = 20). Half of the specimens subjected to surface and mechanical characterizations were thermocycled (10,000 cycles). Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05) and simple and multiple linear regression analysis (p<0.20) were employed to evaluate the impact of glazing on denture base resins. The application of glaze reduced roughness by 0.33 µm and water contact angle by 8.47º, while increasing brightness by 21.30 units (p < 0.001) for 3D-printed resins compared to CT. After thermal cycling, roughness and wettability increased, while brightness decreased (p < 0.05). The glaze also increased hardness, with no adverse effects from thermal cycling (p < 0.001), and enhanced flexural strength for PZ compared to CT (p < 0.001). Additionally, C. albicans colonization decreased by 7.79 log CFU/mL in mixed biofilms for 3D-printed resins compared to CT (p < 0.05). The application of glaze resulted in smoother, brighter, and harder surfaces for the 3D-printed resins, while also reducing biofilm colonization.

Comparative evaluation of flexural strength of conventional heat polymerized denture base resin reinforced with non-silanized and silanized aluminum oxide powder- An in vitro study

Although denture base acrylic resins have been used since many decades, the problem of facture of denture base still remains. Many researchers have tried to reinforce the denture base by addition of metallic oxide nanoparticles. Silanization of such nanoparticles is recommended as it improves the bond between fillers and added nanoparticles. To evaluate and compare the flexural strength (FS) of heat polymerized acrylic resin denture base material reinforced with 2.5 wt % of non-silanized and silanized aluminum oxide powder (AlO). : Seventy-five specimens of heat polymerized acrylic resin were fabricated. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 75) coded as Group N (non-silanized AlO), Group S (silanized AlO) and Group C (Control). The specimens of the remaining two groups were reinforced with 2.5 wt % of non-silanized and silanized AlO. The flexural strength of the specimens was measured using 3-point bending test in a Universal Testing Machine. Data analyses using analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test showed that adding 2.5 wt% of silanized AlO; GroupS significantly increased the flexural strength compared to Group C and GroupN (p&amp;#60;0.0001). Within the limitation of this study, AlO fillers are potential reinforcers in denture bases which increased flexural strength.

Evaluation and comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of three commercially available denture cleansing agents against different microorganisms: An in vitro study

Heat cured poly methyl methacrylate denture base acrylic resins are most commonly used material for fabrication of complete dentures. In certain situations, denture hygiene is compromised both due to the constraints of the denture material and/or non-compliance from the patients owing to lack of manual dexterity. This leads to formation of microbial biofilm on the intaglio surface of the denture and if left untreated, it can cause denture stomatitis. Denture cleansing tablets are of great help in such cases.The primary goal of this in vitro experiment was to assess and compare the effects of commercially available and common household denture cleansing tablets viz. Polident, Fittydent and Clinsodent against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicansA total of 100 heat polymerized acrylic resin samples were divided into 4 groups of 25 each to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of commercially available denture cleansing agents.The results of this study showed that there was significant reduction in colony forming units in three commercially available denture cleansing agents (Clinsodent, Fittydent and Polident denture cleansing tablets) as compared to distilled water. All three commercially available denture cleansing agents used in the study were capable of reducing the colony forming units per ml of the heat cure acrylic resin denture base samples. The order of efficacy was Clinsodent tablets &amp;#62; Fittydent tablets &amp;#62; Polident tablets &amp;#62; Distilled water.

Color Changes of a Heat-Polymerized Polymethyl-Methacrylate (PMMA) and Two 3D-Printed Denture Base Resin Materials Exposed to Staining Solutions: An In Vitro Spectrophotometric Study

Newly developed 3D-printed polymer materials are used for denture base fabrication. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the color stability of two new 3D-printed resins, a hard PPMA-based and a soft Urethane-based resin, in relation to a traditional heat-polymerized PMMA resin, which was used for comparison purposes. Specimens of the materials were immersed in five solutions (distilled water, red wine, black tea, coffee, and Coke®) for definite periods of time (one day, one week, and one month). The color measurements were carried out utilizing a spectrometer supported by a microscope and using special software. Color changes between immersion periods were calculated and statistically compared. The results showed that all types of resins were influenced during immersion periods. The heat-polymerized resin was influenced less than the others but with no significant difference to the 3D-printed hard PMMA resin. In respect to the materials compared, the discoloration effect for the 1 month immersion time was significantly more intense for the soft 3D-printed resin. In respect to the solutions’ staining effects, black tea and red wine significantly discolored all materials regardless of immersion periods. The new 3D-printed materials need further improvements for dental use.

The Effect of Various Surface Treatment on the New Digitally Manufactured Materials Versus the Conventional Materials – In Vitro Study

Background: Clinical benefits of resilient denture liners have been recognized in prosthodontic practice for many years. The elastic behavior of the soft lining materials is designed to distribute functional and non-functional stress on denture-supporting tissues. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 dumbbell-shaped test specimens were prepared from two different heat cure denture base materials. They are divided into two groups. Group (A) was prepared from heat cure poly-methylmethacrylate resin (PMMA) and Group (B) was prepared from computeraided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) acrylic resin denture base material. A temporary soft-liner type was used. The denture base specimens of (Group A and Group B) were subdivided equally into three subgroups. 3 mm was marked and sectioned on the specimens with fissure burs and removed to create a uniform space for the application of soft liner. The interface surface of each specimen and the denture base resin surface were conditioned by three surface treatment modalities: 1 – specimens were polished using silicone carbide papers of grit size, 2 – using air abrasion by 50 μm aluminum oxide particle, 3 – by application of 3 M Scotchbond dental adhesive. Tensile bond strength (TBS) was tested for the specimens of each subgroup after thermocycling. Results: The mean of TBS of subgroup (A3) and subgroup (B3) specimens treated with 3M Scotch bond was significantly higher than the other subgroups. Conclusion: The surface treatment of PMMA and CAD/CAM denture base specimens with primer followed using an adhesive bond of 3M Scotch bond had an effective and superior TBS.

The Influence of Adding Zero-Dimensional Nanomaterial on Certain Mechanical Properties of Repaired Heat -Cured Acrylic Denture Base

Denture fracture is a prevalent issue in prosthodontic practice that affects patients and prosthodontists. This study aims to investigate the influnce of MgO nano fillers on flexural and impact strengthof repaired heat–cured acrylic resin denture base. Materials and methods: Sixty heat-cured acrylic resin specimens have been created according to the ISO standard 1567:1999/2003(E) for denture base polymers. Thirty specimens were created for flexural strength test with dimension of ( 65mm x10mm x2.5 mm ±0.1mm) and the other thirty specimens for impact strength test with dimension of (50mm x 6mm x 4mm ).Curing was done in a water bath machine,andcompleted the finishing and polishing. Then, the specimens separation were done by a separating disc . Each group was subdivided as follows: Group (A): control repaired done with self-curing resin without MgO nanoparticles, Group (B) and (C): the repaire wasdone with self-curing resin with the addition of MgO nanoparticles at concentrations of 2wt.%and 4wt.% (n=10). Curing repaired specimens in Ivomat device. Data were analyzed using Tukey HSD test andaP-value ≤ 0.05 was considered- a statistically significant.Results: TheTukey HSD test indicated significant difference P-value ≤ 0.05 in theflexural strength between control group and group 4wt. % MgO, whereas no significant differencewas identified between 2wt.%MgOwith4wt.%MgO. However,there was no significant difference in the impact strength (P ˃ 0.05) for all groups.Conclusions: The incorporation of 2wt.% of MgO nano fillers into repaired PMMA resin had no effect on flexural or impact strength.

Microbial Adhesion to Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Denture Base Resins Containing Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanostructures: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

Background: Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory condition involving swelling and redness of the oral mucosa beneath a denture. Among various available treatments, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and nano-wire nanostructures have been suggested as potential future therapies. However, there is a lack of information in the literature about the effectiveness of ZnONPs regarding microbial adhesion to different denture base resins. Here, we review studies on the effect of ZnONP use on microbial adhesion to denture base resins to answer the following study question: “Does incorporating ZnONPs into denture base resins reduce microbial adhesion?” Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an electronic and manual search ranging from Jan 2000 to May 2024 was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to answer the study question. All full-length English-language articles investigating the effects of ZnO nanostructures on Candida albicans adhesion to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resins were included. The extracted data were tabulated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the included studies. Results: Of the 479 studies reviewed, 7 studies successfully met the eligibility criteria. All included studies utilized PMMA as the denture base material with different polymerization methods. C. albicans was the most extensively studied microbial species, with various count methods used. Six studies concluded a statistically significant impact of ZnONPs on decreasing C. albicans adhesion to the denture base. However, one study reported the opposite. Conclusions: Incorporating ZnONPs into PMMA denture base resin has a positive impact on reducing C. albicans adherence and could be recommended for denture stomatitis treatment. However, further studies are needed to cover the notable gap in data regarding the safety and effectiveness of ZnO nanostructures.

Investigation of the mechanical properties of lavender-reinforced heat-activated polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin

Statement of problemThe antimicrobial efficacy of lavender has been well evidenced. However, investigations into its impact on the mechanical properties of denture resins are lacking. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the flexural strength, impact strength, surface characteristics, roughness, elastic modulus, and yield strength of lavender-reinforced, heat-activated polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin. Material and methodsA total of 200 specimens were categorized into 5 groups based on 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt% of dry lavender extract incorporated into heat-activated polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin powder. Unmodified resin served as the control group. Flexural strength, elastic moduli, and yield strength were determined with a universal testing machine, impact strength with an Izod impact tester, surface characteristics with scanning electron microscopy, and roughness with a profilometer. The data were statistically analyzed with 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc tests for pairwise comparison within the groups (α=.05). ResultsCompared with the control group, all the mechanical properties significantly improved with the addition of lavender (P<.001). The highest flexural, yield, and impact strengths and elastic modulus values were in the 2% group. Elevated surface roughness in 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt% and a decline in roughness at 2 wt% were noted when compared with the control group. ConclusionsThe addition of lavender enhanced the flexural strength, yield strength, impact strength, elastic moduli, and decreased surface roughness when added at 2 wt%.

Influence of thermal-cycling or staining medium on the surface properties and color stability of conventional, milled, and 3D-printed base materials

The study of denture base resin fabricated by digital technology with surface properties or color stability remains limited. In this study, thermal cycling and staining media (distilled water, artificial saliva, green tea, and Coca-Cola) immersion were used to simulate the intraoral environment to assess the surface properties and color stability of CAD/CAM (milled) and 3D-printed base resin materials, the conventionally polymerized base served as the control group. After thermal cycling, all groups showed increased surface roughness, contact angle (i.e. hydrophilicity) and color difference (∆E), the 3D-printed group had the most significant increase among the 3 groups (P<0.001). While there were no significant difference (or the difference is very small) between the conventional and milled groups. After 7 and 30 days of immersion in four staining media, the ∆E values remained highest in the 3D-printed group (∆E ≥ 3.34) (P<0.001), exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold (∆E = 2.7) at 30 days. Additionally, all groups showed significantly higher ∆E values after 30 days compared to 7 days (P<0.05). The 3D-printed group exhibited a rougher surface, poorer hydrophilicity, and reduced color stability compared to the conventional or milled groups, indicating that further improvements are needed before clinical application.

Evaluation of Flexural Strength and Vickers Micro Hardness of Three Different Denture Base Resin Materials

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the Vickers hardness and flexural strength of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) milled, 3D-printed, and traditional heat-polymerized denture base resins used in computer-aided design and manufacture. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 samples were fabricated from CAD/CAM milled resin (PMMA dental material-Ruthinium disc, Badia Polesine (Rovigo) Italy), CAD/CAM 3D-printed resin (NextDent Denture 3D+, Soesterberg, The Netherlands) and conventional heat-polymerized (HP) denture base resin (DBR) (Triplex hot Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Based on the three different denture base resin materials (n = 10/material) (30/flexural strength and 30/microhardness), the samples were split into six groups. The 3-point bending test was used to assess flexural strength, while Vickers microhardness test was used to assess surface hardness. The acquired data was statistically assessed. Results: CAD/CAM milled resins showed appreciably greater values for both the flexural strength and surface hardness, followed by conventional HP denture base resin and CAD/CAM 3D-printed resin. Pairwise comparison for Flexural Strength and Vickers microhardness revealed significant differences between groups. Conclusion: CAD/CAM milled resins had the highest surface hardness and flexural strength compared to Conventional HP denture base resin and CAD/CAM 3D-printed resin.

Cytotoxicity, chlorhexidine and residual monomer release from heat- polymerized denture base resin modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG)and chlorhexidine (CHX).

Cytotoxicity, chlorhexidine and residual monomer release from heat- polymerized denture base resin modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG)and chlorhexidine (CHX).

Flexural strength and surface hardness of nanocomposite denture base resins

PurposeHigher bending forces during chewing and occlusal loading can lead to the deformation of denture bases. Roughness and microbial adhesion can be the result of improper care of the denture. Many attempts have been made to improve the properties of denture bases through the addition of different materials. The present study aimed to evaluate the surface hardness and flexural strength (FS) of newly formulated nanocomposite denture base resin made by adding zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin in concentrations of 1 % and 2 %. MethodsRectangular metal master dies of dimension 65mm × 10mm × 3.3 mm for flexural strength and 30mm × 10mm × 3 mm for surface hardness were made. These dies were duplicated in 120 acrylic resin samples. These samples were divided into five groups in which group I is control group samples in conventional resin and group II,III, IV &V contained 1 % and 2 % concentrations of ZnO & TiO2 nanoparticles in heat cure acrylic resin. The processing and finishing of the models were done. Flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine and surface hardness using a Rockwell hardness testing machine. ResultsThe minimum SH reported was 101.7 HRM while FS was 81.1 MPa and maximum was 118.7 HRM and 131.8 MPa respectively. The results showed that group IV containing 1 % TiO2 nanoparticles showed the highest surface hardness values whereas the flexural strength was highest in group II containing 1 % ZnO nanoparticles. The analysis of variance showed a p value of <0.001 which was statistically highly significant. ConclusionNanocomposite denture base resins modified with ZnO & TiO2 nanoparticles have more flexural strength and surface hardness than conventional denture base resin. Clinical implicationThe hardness of a denture base material can be increased by adding these nanoparticles for long term use in oral cavity and in cases prone to denture fracture.

Antimicrobial role of Lavandula angustifolia towards Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and anti-adherence effect on denture base resin

The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of Lavandula angustifolia (True Lavender extract) towards Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus pathogens. Varying proportions of the extract was incorporated into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin and the anti-adherent effect was investigated. An in-vitro study was performed after pure extract was obtained from Lavandula angustifolia (LA) flowers using a solvent based hot extraction process. Chromatographic analysis and computational molecular docking were done to analyze its phytoconstituents with potential target-ligand bond. Tests of antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal and fungicidal dosages and in-vitro cytotoxicity were performed. Different proportions of LA extract (0, .5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) were added to PMMA resin to assess anti-adherence property. Obtained data were statistically analyzed with One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc tests. The reports revealed significant antimicrobial susceptibility against the test pathogens compared to control drugs (P>0.05). A minimum concentration of .02mg of lavender extract inhibited microbial growth with low cytotoxicity (P<0.05). The highest anti-adherent activity was observed in the .5% LA-incorporated PMMA resin group (P=0.0001). Incorporating lavender extract into denture base resin demonstrated promising antimicrobial properties. This investigation encourages further research to understand its effects on mechanical and physical properties of reinforced dental resins.