Dentofacial Complex Research Articles

Changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of bite plane therapy

Changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of bite plane therapy

Change in tooth position and vertical dimension in severe Class II division 1 cases during Begg treatment.

This study was based on a cephalometric analysis of 45 children composed of two groups: a treated group with an Angle Class II division 1 occlusion and an untreated control group. The object of this study was to investigate changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of Begg therapy in the group of children having an Angle Class II division 1 occlusion compared with the untreated control group. Each child of the treated group had lateral skull radiographs taken during the experimental period: one before commencement of treatment, the second at the end of the first stage of treatment; that is as soon as the incisors reached an edge-to-edge relationship; and the third at the end of treatment 12 months after appliances were removed. Two lateral skull radiographs were taken of the children who formed the control group, one at the beginning, and the other at the end, of the experimental period. It was found that short term changes in the dento-facial complex during Begg treatment were associated with a significant increase in the height of the lower molars, a significant reduction in the height of the lower incisors and a significant reduction in apical base difference. The long term changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of Begg treatment were associated with a significant increase in the height of the lower molars, a significant reduction in apical base difference and some increase in lower facial height.

Extraoral high-pull forces with rapid palatal expansion in the Macaca mulatta

On the basis of the cephalometric and histologic findings, the following conclusions were made: Over-all evaluation of this study indicates that orthopedic forces brought about changes in sutural, endochondral, and appositional growth systems of the dentofacial complex. None of the changes produced was pathologic. Combining orthopedic forces and appliances in the form used in this study produces increased cellular activity in sutures while still maintaining cellular and sutural integrity. These forces decrease endochondral activity and apposition while maintaining cellular integrity. Squamous sutures are not as responsive to orthopedic forces as serrated sutures. Root resorption was a result of lateral and distal orthopedic movement. Discontinuation of orthopedic therapy allows resorption lacunae to return to normal by filling with cementum. The changes observed are a combination of slight tooth movement and much sutural adaptation. Observation of the procion dye indicates that the headgear traction decreases lateral apposition in facial bones. Occipital headgear traction force as applied in this study can alter the position of the maxilla. With proper management, the combination of the rapid palatal expansion appliances and the occipital-pull headgear may have implications in Class II, Division 1 and open-bite therapy. The exact mechanism of sutural movement found in this study is not understood. Superimposition of the zygomaticomaxillary implants indicates that sutural area and geometry of the face may be factors in determining changes resulting from orthopedic force. Orthopedic changes, like orthodontic changes, require retention. Specific attention to technique in fabrication of headgear for monkeys would aid in the study of orthopedic forces in animals. Future combination of orthopedic forces should be studied to determine the amount, duration, and application necessary to bring about desired skeletal changes.

Distribution of the mandibular incisor-mandibular plane angle in "normal" individuals.

W. B. Downs (Amer J Orthodont 34:812, 1948) presented findings from a study to determine the range of variation for certain variables that represented components of the dentofacial complex. He studied the distribution of these variables in 20 individuals with clinically excellent occlusions, who ranged in age from 12 to 17 years and who were about equally divided with respect to sex. Among the components of craniofacial morphology studied by Downs was the mandibular incisor-mandibular plane angle. Earlier investigators include Margolis (Amer J Orthodont 29:571, 1943), Noyes, Rushing, and Sims (Angle Orthodant 13:60, 1943), and Speidel and Stoner (Amer J Orthodont 35:536, 1944), who agreed closely on ranges and on a mean value of 900. Downs' group yielded a mean of 91.40; the measurements ranged from 81.5 to 97°. These figures have been accepted generally as representative of variation despite the fact that they are based on small samples from a special population. We are reporting the findings of a larger study of the distribution of this angle and we note that variation is considerably different from that reported by Downs. This investigation is based on cephalometric data from radiographs of children with normal dental occlusion. They were part of a survey of normal growth conducted at the Philadelphia Center for Research in Child Growth between 1948 and 1968 and were selected from a group of 2,500 white elementary and secondary school children. The project director,

The effect of a Class II intermaxillary force on the dentofacial complex in the adult Macaca mulatta monkey

The effect of a Class II intermaxillary force on the dentofacial complex in the adult Macaca mulatta monkey

Effects of deleterious oral habits on the dento-facial complex.

Effects of deleterious oral habits on the dento-facial complex.

Effect of growth hormone on growth and development of the dentofacial complex in the young rat. A study by means of longitudinal roentgenographic cephalometrics.

Effect of growth hormone on growth and development of the dentofacial complex in the young rat. A study by means of longitudinal roentgenographic cephalometrics.

Cephalometric study of the dentofacial complex of North Indians.

Abstract No Abstract Available. * From a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Dental Surgery, Lucknow University, Lucknow. The research was supported by a grant received from the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.

Experimental study on growth and development of dentofacial complex after resection of cartilaginous nasal septum.

Experimental study on growth and development of dentofacial complex after resection of cartilaginous nasal septum.

頭部X線規格写真によるラツトの顎顔面頭蓋の成長発育に関する研究

頭部X線規格写真によるラツトの顎顔面頭蓋の成長発育に関する研究

Differential orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning

THE test of time and accumulated clinical experience leads the orthodontist toward the inevitable conclusion that the Angle classification of dental malocclusion is inadequate for the diagnostic evaluation of complex dentofacial problems. In point of fact, most systems of classification suffer similar limitations of oversimplification. There is developing within the central channel of the stream of orthodontic knowledge the swelling agreement that facial patterns exist as variables independent of malocclusion classes. Existing cephalometric evidence readily demonstrates that similar dental classifications, premised as they are on mechanical intercuspation of teeth, can exist within a wide range of skeletal types and that, conversely, one may find almost any of the malocclusion classes within the composite framework of a single skeletal t,ype. I propose that the purely mechanistic dental classification of malocclusion must soon be incorporated into and superseded by the larger conceptual scope of vision embraced by a whole new system of skeletotyping-the development of classes of anthropomorphic composites. Records and methods are presently available and the work is already under way. With increasing acquaintance with orthodontic patients, it becomes apparent that ranging individual variation and multiple combinations of characteristic traits preclude the division of the dentofacial complex and dental malocclusion into categories as simple as one, two, three. Nor does the orthodontic treatment of a case so classified fall into place with equal simplicity. While Homo sapiens is clearly recognizable as such, each dentofacial complex exhibits morphologic and anatomic variations which differentiate the individual from the other members of the species. It is commonly held that recognition of these variances serves as the foundation for orthodontic diagnosis. It is the useful integration of subtle intraclass distinctions which refines our case analyses and improves our treatment planning. A point to observe here is that

The linear analyses of lateral dentofacial complex in Japanese adults by means of roentgenographic cephalometry: By Toshihiko Sakamoto and Tetsuo Iizuka. Sapporo Med. J. 23: 163–177, March, 1963

The linear analyses of lateral dentofacial complex in Japanese adults by means of roentgenographic cephalometry: By Toshihiko Sakamoto and Tetsuo Iizuka. Sapporo Med. J. 23: 163–177, March, 1963

頭部X線規格撮影法による日本人小児の顔面頭蓋の成長に関する経年的研究

頭部X線規格撮影法による日本人小児の顔面頭蓋の成長に関する経年的研究

頭部エツクス線規格写真法による日本人顔面頭蓋の成長に関する研究―実測長分析, 成長率分析, 実測長百分率分析成績―

頭部エツクス線規格写真法による日本人顔面頭蓋の成長に関する研究―実測長分析, 成長率分析, 実測長百分率分析成績―

頭部X線規格写真法による日本人幼児の顔面頭蓋の成長に関する研究 (第1報)

頭部X線規格写真法による日本人幼児の顔面頭蓋の成長に関する研究 (第1報)

A Concept, a Diagnosis and a Discipline

As guardian of the occlusion, the general practitioner assumes especial responsibilities concerning the young patient. It is his duty to direct the destinies of the developing dentition. In order to do so, he must at all times have an intimate appreciation of the dento-facial complex of the patient. This is acquired from a dento-facial analysis, which should be completed as early as possible, and from continuing observations at subsequent visits. While this requires specialized knowledge, it is knowledge he must have. The occlusional aspects of the dento-facial analysis may be readily gained in the classroom. The esthetic aspects, of increasing importance, are less easily subjected to rules or measurements. They depend largely upon the development of a concept of facial harmony and balance. This concept must be developed in the dental school. The dento-facial analysis results in a diagnosis which then permits the orderly application of knowledge. The general practitioner should keep the parents informed as to future orthodontic needs of their children. This invites their greater interest in dental health and enhances their appreciation of the scope of his services. It is suggested that greater meaning may be imparted if orthodontic therapy is divided into preventive, interceptive and corrective measures. Preventive orthodontics pertains to cases of normal occlusion where untoward environmental forces are occurring which threaten the occlusion. Interceptive orthodontics pertains to certain cases of malocclusions where growth and/or eruptive forces may be constructively used to accomplish improved tooth and/or jaw relationships. Corrective orthodontics is the ultimate clinical approach where appliance therapy is principally responsible for changes accomplished. Combinations of these efforts are possible and are required in some cases. While our principal professional concern is developing and distributing knowledge, we must not fail to recognize that its widespread clinical application is the ultimate goal. The public's attitude toward our services, in the final analysis, largely determines our success. Scant improvement in the public's present unsatisfactory attitude toward adequate dental-health care is being made. The successful application of interceptive orthodontics requires that the patient be under continuing care of the same family dentist, because interceptive orthodontics generally involves a program of care rather than a single operation. In addition, the parents of the patient must be able to recognize the defect when it is shown to them, and have the desire for improvement. Consequently, successful application of knowledge in this field requires a high order of dental health care.

Diagnosis and treatment planning via roentgenographic cephalometry

I have presented an evaluation of the role of roentgenographic cephalometric analysis in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. In the first part of the article a three-dimensional geometrical analysis of the dentofacial complex is described. Norms leading to the assessment of the individuality of each child are defined. This, in essence, leads to differential diagnosis. In the second part an evaluation is made of the orthodontic treatment, which may be preventive, passive, active, and retentive. In active treatment the forces used have been considered according to their direction—antero-posterior, vertical, or transverse. This, in essence, leads to different treatment. The third part of the article is a synthesis of the two previous parts. By confronting the differential diagnosis with the therapeutic forces at our disposal, a selective treatment is decided upon. This synthesis is illustrated by five case reports which are supplemented by a number of special cases to emphasize some specific points. In conclusion, attention is focused on the individuality of the patient, on differential diagnosis, and on differential treatment.

A polygon portrayal of coronal and basal arch dimensions in the horizontal plane

In normal dentures there is a range of variation of tooth material, coronal and basal arch width, and basal arch length. There is a range of variation of the interrelationships of these various measurements, which can be plotted on graph paper so that a polygon form represents the normal limits. When similar measurements of malocclusion are plotted on these forms, the deviations from the normal can be observed. These charts or graphs of denture dimensions can be used in conjunction with similar graphs, which compare the cephalometric profile tracing with normal variations of it. Such graphs can be used to eliminate ambiguity in describing an individual dentofacial complex, and to demonstrate what has been accomplished by treatment. Finally, in an individual case analysis, the information obtained from the graphs, combined with other information, aids in planning treatment.

A rational approach to the treatment of the mixed dentition

1. 1. There is anthropologic proof that malocclusion is a part of deep-rooted evolutionary elements tending toward a reduction of facial structure. 2. 2. There are extensive hereditary factors working on the formation of the dentofacial complex. 3. 3. The interrelationship of hereditary and environmental factors creates the individual, but the hereditary factors take precedence over the environmental factors. 4. 4. Through the experimental evidence compiled on rats and through observations of primitive peoples, we can be sure that function plays a large part in the growth and development of the jaws. 5. 5. Early treatment of the mixed dentition, which tends to create the conditions for normal function, is useful in procuring a beneficial effect upon the growth and development of the patient's dentofacial complex. 6. 6. In those cases which, through measurements, show a definite deficiency of basal bone beyond the scope of present-day techniques to remedy, early serial extraction of primary canines and first primary molars followed by extraction of the permanent first premolars upon their eruption can abort the production of a severe malocclusion. 7. 7. Even when treatment must be reinstated in the permanent dentition, the early re-creation of normal function has a beneficial effect in terms of better balance of the facial structures. 8. 8. An awareness of the limitations imposed upon treatment by heredity, environment, nurture, and present-day techniques will result in more effective and efficient treatment.

Normal variation and its bearing on the use of cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic diagnosis

1. 1. The variations which occur in the dentofacial complex of fifty girls with normal anatomic occlusion were studied with the aid of sagittal cephalometric radiographs. 2. 2. A mesh diagram was designed and the proportionate location of landmarks in their proper mesh rectangles was determined. 3. 3. The extent of variation was demonstrated by drawing concentric ovals for the one and two standard deviation limits computed for each landmark studied. 4. 4. The mesh lines of two individual normal tracings were so drawn as to illustrate the extent of variation in the dentofacial complex of these two individuals. 5. 5. The large extent of variation in individuals with normal occlusions compels one to conclude that an average facial pattern is a useful abstraction at best. 6. 6. The cephalometric radiograph is a valuable diagnostic tool, although all diagnostic problems in orthodontics cannot be solved by the analysis of cephalometric radiographs alone. 7. 7. Future developments aimed at a broadening of the concept of diagnosis in orthodontics should include other than anatomic aspects of the individual patients.