Dentoalveolar Development Research Articles

A Six-Center International Study of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Clefts of the Lip and Palate: Evaluation of Maxillary Asymmetry

This investigation was carried out by the European Cleft Lip and Palate Research Group. The purpose of this part of the investigation was to compare and evaluate maxillary asymmetry in children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate treated at cleft palate centers with different surgical management. Posteroanterior radiographs from three of the six participating centers were included in the investigation. Statistically significant differences were found in the symmetry of the anterior part of the maxillary complex. Children with a primary bonegrafting procedure involved in their primary treatment procedure had a more symmetric dentoalveolar development. Children from centers with primary surgical procedures including a vomer plasty and no involvement of the alveolar process had a more asymmetric development with a tilted premaxilla and a deviating inclination of the central incisors.

Aspects on osseointegrated implants inserted in growing jaws. A biometric and radiographic study in the young pig.

The aim was to study if osseointegrated implants behave like teeth in the growing jaw. Six young pigs were used, one of them randomly selected as a control. The test pigs received four fixtures each in regions with various dento-alveolar development. The biometric and radiographic findings, after an experimental period of 165 days, showed that the osseointegrated implants do not become secondarily displaced in sagittal and transversal dimensions and, thus, do not behave like normal teeth. Consequently, the osseointegration technique is not to be recommended in the lateral regions in young children.

The effect of osseointegrated implants on the dento-alveolar development. A clinical and radiographic study in growing pigs

In an attempt to study the effect of osseointegrated implants on vertical dentoalveolar development, six growing pigs of the Pigham strain were used, one of them randomly selected as a control. The test pigs received four fixtures each, three in the lower jaw and one in the upper. The fixtures were placed in areas where different patterns of the dento-alveolar development were expected. The clinical and radiographic findings have clearly shown that the implants do not behave like normal erupting teeth during the development of the dentition. Neither do the fixtures move together with the adjacent teeth, but behave more like ankylosed teeth.

Nonextraction treatment of severe Class II, Division 2 malocclusions: Part 2

Nonextraction treatment of a severe Class II, Division 2 malocclusion is presented. Timing, sequencing of appliance therapy, and segmental arch treatment are discussed. The effects of orthodontic treatment, pubertal growth, and postpubertal growth are illustrated with different growth responses. Correction of the handicapping malocclusion was achieved by the development of arch circumference, torque, intrusion of incisors, and vertical buccal dentoalveolar development. Various subtypes of Class II, Division 2 malocclusion are presented. Pretreatment and posttreatment records are evaluated.

Nonextraction treatment of severe class II, division 2 malocclusions: Part 1

Nonextraction treatment of severe Class II, Division 2 malocclusions is presented. Timing, sequencing of appliance therapy, and segmental arch treatment are discussed. The effects of orthodontic treatment, pubertal growth, and postpubertal growth are illustrated with different growth responses. Corrections of the handicapping malocclusions were achieved by the development of arch circumference, torque, intrusion of incisors, and vertical buccal dentoalveolar development. Various subtypes of Class II, Division 2 malocclusion are presented. Pretreatment and posttreatment records are evaluated.

Normal maxillary and mandibular growth and dentoalveolar development in Macaca mulatta A longitudinal cephalometric study from 2 to 5 years of age

Normal maxillary and mandibular growth and dentioalveolar development were examined in a longitudinal study of 10 male Macaca mulatta monkeys. Metallic implants were placed in the jaws of the monkeys as markers, and head films were taken semiannually from 2 to 5 years of age. The results showed that maxillary and mandibular growth is associated with rotational changes that are mostly in an anterior direction and are about twice as great in the mandible (9.4°) as in the maxilla (4.2°). These rotations are largely masked—about 75% in the maxilla and 90% in the mandible—by modeling within the jaws. Similarly, differential vertical dentoalveolar development almost completely masked the rotation of the occlusal plane that results from the rotation of the jaws, which created the impression that the occlusal plane is stable during growth. Peak growth velocity was reached on average at 3 years of age in the maxilla and mandible, with some individual variation. No major growth changes occurred after 3.5 to 4 years of age.

The uprighting effect of the Fränkel appliance on the mandibular canines and premolars during eruption

The effect of the Fränkel (FR) appliance on the eruptive path of the mandibular canines and premolars was evaluated in patients who were monitored from 8 to 13 years of age. The sample treated with the FR appliance consisted of 84 subjects with Class I or Class II malocclusion associated with crowding in the mandibular dental arch. Twenty-seven subjects of approximately the same age and with almost an indentical space deficiency in the mandibular arch not subjected to FR treatment served as a comparison group. Permanent teeth were not extracted during treatment in any cf the subjects in either group. The primary criterion of patient selection was based on the availability of standardized serial lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms, permitting an exact identification of the canine and premolar contours during eruption. Increases in width between the tips of the mandibular canines and the buccal tips of the mandibular premolars during eruption were significantly greater in the FR group than in the comparison group ( P < 0.001). The expanding effect of the FR appliance was evidenced particularly in the region of the mandibular first premolars. The distance between the buccal tips of these teeth increased by an average of 3.5 mm more in the FR group than in the comparison group. Likewise, the width between the root landmarks of the first mandibular premolars increased during eruption in the FR group 2 1 2 times more than in the untreated sample, a difference that was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). The analysis of the lateral cephalograms showed that the tips of the mandibular canines moved distally during eruption in the comparison group significantly more (mean = 2.2 mm) than in the FR group ( P < 0.01). There was also a significant intergroup difference in the anteroposterior changes of point B, which moved posteriorly in the FR group less than in the untreated sample ( P = < 0.01). This comparative study indicates that the eruptive path of the mandibular canines and premolars during treatment with the FR appliance can be significantly influenced in lateral, anteroposterior, and vertical dimensions. Since the FR appliance did not contact the mandibular teeth, it is suggested that the intercanine expansion in the treated group was the result of the vestibular shields that eliminated the restraining forces of the external muscular environment. The results of the study suggest that the size and shape of the external soft-tissue capsule are an important space factor controlling occlusal development, which should be considered when discussing the postretention recurrence of mandibular crowding. The FR appliance appears to be a suitable orthopedic exercise device for correcting a hypertonic pattern in the circumoral capsule; it provides an undisturbed dentoalveolar development in the critical period of eruption.

Facial pattern differences in long-faced children and adults

Vertical facial morphology has traditionally been studied by examining subjects chosen because of open bite/overbite or mandibular plane angle. The underlying skeletal and dental morphology associated with clinical facial appearance of normal and vertically dysplastic children and adults has not been well documented. The purposes of this study were to (1) describe vertical facial morphology in long-, normal-, and short-faced children and long-faced and normal adults, and (2) identify morphologic factors associated with the clinical evaluation of long-faced and normal subjects. Forty-two children, 6 to 12 years old, and forty-two young adults with varied vertical facial types were examined clinically and separated into three vertical classifications: long, normal, or short face. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained in natural head position and seven angular, eighteen linear, and six ratio measurements were made. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize all groups, and intergroup differences were compared using analysis of variance for the three child groups and the t test for the two adult groups. For both long-faced children and adults, anterior total face height, mandibular plane angle, gonial angle, and mandibulopalatal plane angle were significantly greater than normal. Ramus height was not significantly different from normal in the children, but there was a tendency for long-faced adults to have short rami. Excessive dentoalveolar development was evident in long-faced children but not in adults. Factors associated with the clinical identification of vertical dysplastic subjects were identified by a principal component analysis. For each component, a variable highly correlated with that component was selected. These variables were then included in a stepwise discriminant analysis. The analysis selected three variables—SN/mandibular plane angle, anterior total face height, and the ratio of anterior upper to anterior total face height. Although related, multiple morphologic factors were most helpful in explaining the clinical vertical evaluation of facial patterns.

The effects of reduced attrition on craniofacial and dentoalveolar development in the rat.

Abstract No Abstract Available. Given before the Univ. of Illinois Orthodontic Alumni Society, March 1976.