Dentition Status Research Articles

New state record for the snake Amastridium sapperi (Squamata: Dipsadidae) from Hidalgo, Mexico

The dipsadid snake Amastridium sapperi is reported for the first time from the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. The single male specimen was found in a shaded coffee grove, which agrees well with the habitat preference shown by other male specimens reported from Mexico. This snake is broadly distributed, but rarely encountered and was not evaluated by either the Semarnat or IUCN systems of conservation assessment, although it has been evaluated using the EVS measure. Also included are details of body length, scutellation, dentition, coloration, testicular development, diet, habitat, and conservation status.

Examining Bone Density of the Mandibular Corpus: Clinical Implications in Osteoporosis (LB42)

Osteoporosis is a ubiquitous disease, with a prevalence of 200,000,000 cases worldwide. In these cases, bone density is at least 2.5 standard deviations below the global mean. While this debilitating condition affects both genders, women are disproportionately afflicted due to post‐menopausal hormonal changes. Accordingly, fractures of the hip are a common cause of morbidity and mortality among females, and as such have been well documented. It is hypothesized that the hypoestrogenic state of post‐menopausal women will result in a lower bone density than that of their male counterparts. This investigation examined density changes in the lesser studied mandibular corpus as a function of age for each gender. The mandibular condyle was removed from 12 cadavers, obtaining mass and volume by digital scale and water displacement respectively, and the calculation of their densities. Our findings showed that bone density increased with increasing age (r = 0.47). However, when measures were subdivided by gender, bone density among women decreased with age (r = ‐0.09), while that of their male counterparts increased (r = 0.32). In addition, a significant correlation was also found between bone density and dentition status as defined by total number of natural, unaltered teeth (p<0.05). Further study of facial bone density among women may shed light on understanding risk factors for age related dental disease as it pertains with osteoporosis.

Increase in Age Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients With Bilateral Complete Cleft Palate

This prospective study aimed at evaluating the surgical outcomes of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in subjects with bilateral cleft lip and palate treated at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil, by means of cone-beam computed tomography. Twenty-five patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate, resulting in 50 clefts, were analyzed. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the dentition status at the time of surgery: (1) SABG group: subjects with mixed dentition operated on before or immediately after eruption of the permanent canine (10-13 years); (2) TABG group: subjects with permanent dentition (15-23 years). Cone-beam computed tomography analysis was performed in the buccal, intermediate, and palatal views, 2 and 6 to 12 months postoperatively. In the SABG group, 96% of the grafts were classified as successful, and no failure cases were observed. In the TABG group, successful cases decreased to 65%, and failures were seen in 27% of the cleft sites. In both postoperative periods, significantly better outcomes (lower mean scores) were observed for the SABG group in all the cone-beam computed tomography views (P < 0.05). Results show that the timing of surgery is an important factor in determining the outcomes of ABG in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate, with increasing age being associated with the worse outcomes.

Rapid Maxillary Expansion for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Lemon for Lemonade?

Rapid Maxillary Expansion for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Lemon for Lemonade?

Social disparities in dentition status among American adults

To assess the overall dentition status of American adults, to investigate disparities and changes in dentition using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 and to study the effects of family poverty status, education, citizenship and language on dentition after adjusting for other demographics. Descriptive statistics were used to explore and summarise dentition status. The prevalence of dentition markers over two surveys were compared using tests of proportions and a series of regressions were used to estimate the strength of association of family poverty status, education, citizenship and language with the four markers of dentition status. Overall, dentition status has improved in adults. However, gaps exist in that non-Hispanic Black and Mexican-Americans have a higher prevalence of dental decay and lower restoration rates than other races. After adjusting for selected demographics, adults with less education (<12 years) and lower family income had significantly higher dental decay rates, lower restoration rates and more missing teeth than those with more education (≥12 years) and those with higher family incomes. This study indicates that disparities in dentition associated with race/ethnicity, education and income still exist among adults in the USA. The results also indicate that to improve overall oral health and close the existing gaps in oral health, increased access to dental care would be needed for people who have low incomes and low levels of education.

Dentition status and treatment needs among institutionalized hearing and speech impaired children in Himachal Pradesh in India: A cross-sectional study

Background: The oral health of the disabled may be neglected because of the disability condition, demanding diseases or limited access to oral health care. It has been reported that dental treatment is the greatest unattended health need of the disabled. Aim: Present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs among hearing and speech impaired children in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh. Materials and Methods: 202 institutionalised subjects aged 5-22 years attending special school were examined. Data was recorded using modified WHO survey 1997 proforma. Dentition status and treatment needs using DMFT, DMFS, dmft, dmfs were recorded. The data was analysed using the software version 15 (SPSS Inc. Chicago). ANOVA, chi-square test and multiple regressions were applied appropriately. Results: Among study subjects, largest component of DMFT was the D component, with a mean of 1.47. Highest mean DMFS was recorded for the age group 18-22 years. Missing surfaces and filled surfaces did not account for a major proportion. Mean dmft and dmfs scores were 1.04 and 1.73, respectively. Out of 202 subjects examined, 182 (90.1%) required treatment. One surface restoration was the most common treatment required followed by two surface restorations, pit and fissure sealants and pulp care. Conclusion: High prevalence of dental caries among special children is a highly alarming situation and needs immediate attention. Filled teeth are very less, which reflects the provision, and availing of dental care is almost negligible. Awareness should be created among parents and teachers by oral health educators about the importance of oral health and regular dental checkup.

Dentition Status, Treatment Needs and Risk Predictors for Dental Caries among Institutionalised Disabled Individuals in Central India.

Children and adolescents with disabilities appear to have poorer oral health than their non-disabled counterparts. Individuals with disabilities or illnesses receive less oral care than the normal population. To determine the dentition status, treatment needs and risk predictors for dental caries of the institutionalized disabled individuals. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with pre-tested questionnaire among 330 institutionalised disabled individuals in the age range from 3 to 22 years. The Dentition status and treatment needs were assessed by using WHO Oral health Proforma 1997. ANOVA test, chi-square test and backward conditional logistic regression analysis were performed. The mean DMFT for all the groups was 1.26 and the mean deft was 0.59. Backward conditional logistic regression revealed that only age categories and disability types were significantly associated with dental caries. Individuals who were mentally retarded (OR=1.36) and in the age group of 13-17 y (OR=1.91) were more likely to develop dental caries. The findings of the present study showed that overall caries experience was low but the treatment need was high among these institutionalized disabled individuals.

Dentition status and treatment need in urban slum dwellers in Indore city, Central India

Objective: To estimate the dental caries experience and treatment needs of residents of slum area, in Indore. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted in one of the largest slum areas, Panchsheel nagar of Indore, (M.P.). The sample size was estimated assuming the prevalence of dental caries to be 90% as found in the pilot study. The minimum sample required was 138. The dentition status was recorded according to the WHO guidelines. Examination was performed by the trained and calibrated examiner. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.5 software. Results: A considerably higher prevalence (76.2%) of dental caries in the residents of slum as compared to the general population of India (50-60%) was found. The mean decayed, missing and filled teeth recorded was 2.54. Statistically significant difference was found in the caries prevalence between different age groups and occupations. Males exhibited significantly higher caries experience as compared to females. Conclusion: The residents of slum have a high prevalence of dental caries. The prevalence of dental caries differed for different occupational groups and gender.

Dentition status and treatment needs of engineering students in Lucknow city

Introduction: Professional college students should be more aware of their health. The simple concept of oral hygiene should be understood and put into practice by them. Objectives: To assess the dentition status and treatment needs of engineering students in Lucknow city. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 subjects were included in the study. The subjects were selected from four Engineering colleges randomly selected from all parts of the city. Data were collected by using oral health assessment form by WHO (1997). The proforma included questions on oral hygiene practices, dentition status and treatment needs. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15.0. Results: Among the total subjects, 56% of the subjects were males and 44% were females in the study. Decayed teeth were found among 52.8% of the subjects in the present study. However, frequency of filled teeth (4%), missing (4.8%), bridge abutment (0.4%) and trauma (5.2%) was small. One surface filling was required among 26.4% of the subjects, 2 or more surface filling was required among 8%, crown for 5.2%, pulp care was 6.4% and extraction was required in 4.4% of the subjects. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth score among male subjects was 1.02 ± 1.20 and females 0.82 ± 0.94. Conclusion: The dental caries among the engineering students was found to be high and were more in males when compared to the females.

Prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth in a non-syndromic South Indian pediatric population

Supernumerary teeth are one of the most widely reported and significant anomaly in patients affecting the primary and early mixed dentition. To describe the distribution and characteristics of the supernumerary teeth in South Indian population of paediatric patients. In a 12 year retrospective study, a total of 63,569 patients up to the age of 14 years who visited our department between June 2003 and May 2013 were revised.790 cases of supernumerary teeth were found. Patients were evaluated for age, sex, site, status of dentition, number, position, orientation and type of supernumerary teeth. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi square test. 790 subjects with supernumerary teeth (481 males and 309 females) were detected, revealing male-female ratio of 1.55:1.The most common supernumerary teeth were mesiodens (82.28%), the most common site was the anterior maxilla (92.53%)region. Majority of patients had a single erupted supernumerary oriented straight in the arch. Patients in mixed dentition stage reported with maximum number of supernumerary teeth. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in non syndromic South Indian paediatric population is 1.24% with slight male predilection and conical mesiodens being the commonest.

Is body mass index truly related to dental caries? Survey on predisposing factors for overweight among Indian school children

Introduction: Globally, non-communicable diseases are increasingly recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Among them, overweight and obesity are imperative. The problem of overweight and obesity is not confined to adults but also to children and adolescents. The present changing dietary pattern among children is contributing to childhood overweight and on other hand stands as a risk factor in the development of dental caries, hence the study aimed to investigate the relation between overweight and dental caries among school children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5-6-year and 12-year-old school children to evaluate the relation between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries. Using stratified random sampling technique 1017 school children were selected. Subjects who have brought consent from their parents were included and subjects who were absent on the day of examination were excluded. A pre-structured questionnaire was prepared to collect data regarding demographic details, oral hygiene practices, dentition status and treatment needs, (BMI), 24-hour diet history, physical activity, and television watching. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis (SPSS V 16.0) using Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression tests. Results: Risk of overweight 20% and an overweight of 40% were observed. With BMI, parental overweight (P = 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) (P = 0.001), physical activity (P = 0.001) and television watching (P = 0.001) were found to be statistically related. Body mass index and dental caries were not statistically related. Conclusion: These complex and multifactorial relations like overweight and dental caries may involve many unknown factors which warrant exploration on larger population.

Assessment of self-perceived and normative dental needs among teaching faculty of Visveswarapura Group of Institutions: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess and compare self-perceived and normative dental needs among teaching faculty of Visveswarapura Group of Institutions, Bangalore, India. Materials and Methods: The study population included 217 teaching faculty from four Visveswarapura Group of Institutions namely Arts and Commerce, Law, Science College and Engineering College. The study population was subjected to a self-administered closed-ended questionnaire inquiring about their socioeconomic status, Oral health status and treatment needs. Clinical examinations, employing WHO dentition status and community periodontal index were performed to determine normative status and needs. Perceived and normative assessments were compared for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values using Kappa statistics. Results: The degree of agreement (κ values) and sensitivity was seen in filled teeth (0.839, 80%), missing teeth (0.696, 85.2%), and mobile teeth (0.57, 55.6%). However, the disagreement was seen with all other questions with average κ = 0.20. Regarding overall proportions, a large discrepancy was found between self-perceived and normative needs for both dental and periodontal health status. Conclusion: Self-assessment questionnaires were of low value in evaluating oral health status and treatment needs compared with clinical examination.

Dental neglect among college going adolescents in Virajpet, India

Introduction: Dental neglect (DN) has been defined as behavior and attitudes which are likely to have detrimental consequences for the individual's oral health, or more specifically as failure to take precautions to maintain oral health, failure to obtain needed dental care, and physical neglect of the oral cavity. Aim: The aim was to assess the association of DN with dental caries and oral hygiene among adolescents in Virajpet, India. Materials and Methods: A total of six hundred adolescents aged 15-18 years were selected. DN was recorded using self-administered questionnaire. Oral health status was clinically assessed using simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and dental caries through dentition status as per WHO criteria. Results: The mean DN score for this population was 10.18. Sociodemographic variables and Dental Attendance pattern were significantly associated with DN. Mean decayed missing filled value and OHI-S values were also significantly associated with DN. Conclusion: The present study revealed that variations in DN exist in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and pattern of dental attendance. In addition, oral health status was significantly associated with DN among adolescents.

Underlying kidney disease and duration of hemodialysis: an assessment of its effect on oral health.

Dental health among the patients undergoing haemodialysis therapy has been found to be debilitated and gets worsened with the increased duration of hemodialysis.Hence the present study aimed to assess the effect of duration of hemodialysis and the underlying kidney disease on the dental health status of patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 patients and 400 controls selected through stratified random sampling method from five zones of Delhi, India. The patient group was divided into following five groups in order to evaluate influence of duration of hemodialysis therapy on dental status of the subjects-a)≤ three months b)four to six months c)seven to nine months d) ten to twelve months and e) more than twelve months. Dental health was assessed using WHO dentition status and treatment needs, community periodontal index, oral hygiene index, prosthetic status and needs. Student t-test, Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation was used to determine the difference in clinical parameters among the subgroup and between the patients and controls. Positive correlation was found between the frequency of dialysis and maximum CPI scores (p-value=0.018). 81.25% of patients and 74.75% of the controls had CPI score 2. Loss of attachment scores in patients was higher than the healthy controls (p-value 0.035). Mean OHI scores for the patients was 5.15±1.975 and for controls was 5.01±2.213 (p=0.635). Mean DMFT score of patients and controls was 3.552 and 3.559 respectively (p=0.937). 23%of controls showed presence of dental prosthesis in comparison to only 14.5 % of patients (p=0.05). Type of underlying kidney disease and duration of hemodialysis had significant influence on O.H.I scores and Prosthetic needs. Dental health status was found to be debilitated among the hemodialysis patients and got worsened with the duration of hemodialysis and the type of underlying kidney disease mainly due to oral health negligence contributing to morbidity and potential mortality. Further emphasis on the effective implementation of oral health promotion programme for medically compromised patients is thus advocated.

Self-reported and clinically diagnosed dental needs among institutionalized adults in Vijayawada: A cross-sectional study.

Background:Frail and functionally dependent elderly people, living in institutions, have difficulties in accessing dental care. Hence, the present study aims to determine the relationship between subjective need and the equivalent clinical findings in an attempt to understand the factors that contribute to individual's perception of the need for dental care among institutionalized adults in Vijayawada.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study is conducted in all old age homes in Vijayawada. A total of 182 subjects were interviewed with a questionnaire consisting of demographic details, dental behavior (last visit, reason for the last visit), and self-rating of oral health and impact of oral problems, followed by the clinical examination for oral mucosal condition, dentition status and treatment needs, prosthetic status and treatment needs, and periodontal status by using World Health Organization proforma.Results:Results showed that normative needs of subjects are significantly more than the self-perceived needs. Response of subjects regarding their present condition of mouth and teeth is 65.4% of subjects reported good and 0.5% reported poor, with respective to perceived oral symptoms 61.9% of subjects’ complaints of hypersensitivity and 23.1% of subjects were having toothache and 80.5% subjects are having difficulty in eating. The overall prevalence of complete Edentulous and require complete denture was 12.1%, and 60.4% required partial denture.Conclusion:About half of the participants confirmed need for problem-oriented dental care. The main reason for the problems faced by the institutionalized people is due to lack of teeth which could be prevented by appropriate care.

Oral health knowledge, attitude and practices of children and adolescents of orphanages in jodhpur city rajasthan, India.

This study had twin objectives of assessing the oral health knowledge, attitude and practices and to assess the dental caries status and treatment needs among the orphan children of orphanages of Jodhpur city, Rajasthan, India. This cross- sectional study was carried out on 100 children to assess the oral health knowledge, attitude and practices of children and adolescents of orphanages in Jodhpur city, Rajasthan, India. The data was collected on a pre-tested questionnaire which included 20 closed ended multiple-choice questions on perceived oral health status, knowledge of oral health and attitude, oral health practices, dietary habits and behaviour towards dental treatment. On completion of the questionnaire, each child underwent an oral examination and Dentition status and treatment needs index (WHO Oral Health Surveys- 1997) was recorded for each subject. Almost 93% of the children felt the necessity of maintaining oral hygiene. There were 69% of the children who believed that it was necessary to brush teeth after every meal, 51% children believed that regular tooth-brushing prevents all tooth problems and 93% children knew that tobacco is carcinogenic in nature. Also, it was found that 77% of the children believed that regular dental visits help in maintaining oral hygiene. Many of them had acquired knowledge on oral health. More than half of the study subjects were aware of the importance of keeping good oral hygiene, regular dental visits and harmful effects of tobacco.

Oral health status and treatment needs among primary school going children in Nagrota Bagwan block of Kangra, Himachal Pradesh.

Background:Oral diseases such as gingival diseases and dental caries affect about 80% of the school students worldwide. The study was taken up with the aim to evaluate the oral health status and treatment need in the School going children of Nagrota Bagwan Block of Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh.Materials and Methods:A total number of 3069 school children in the age group of 5-12 years studying in 96 government primary schools of study area were surveyed to find out the Oral Hygiene Index simplified (OHI-S) scores, community periodontal index (CPI) scores, dental caries and treatment need using dentition status and treatment need index (WHO diagnostic criteria, 1997).Results:The mean OHI-S was 2.7 ± 2.81and 2.8 ± 2.99 in 5-8 and 9-12 years age group, respectively. The gingival bleeding was observed in 76.8% and 75.9%, calculus in 10.2% and 18.3% in 5-8 and 9-12 years age group, respectively. The overall caries prevalence of subjects was 58.4% with high caries prevalence in females as compared to males and in 9-12 years age group as compared to 5-8 years age group. The mean dmft/DMFT was 2.05 ± 4.13 and 2.56 ± 4.20 in 5-8 years and 9-12 years age group, respectively. Treatment need observed was 62.3% and 75.3% in 5-8 and 9-12 years age group, respectively.Conclusion:The study demonstrated that school children in Nagrota Bagwan, Kangra district suffer from high prevalence of dental caries and have high treatment need as well as poor oral hygiene and gingival health status.

Oral health status of 5 years and 12 years old school going children in rural Gurgaon, India: An epidemiological study

Oral health is an essential component of health throughout life. Hardly any information is available on the oral health status of children in Gurgaon. Thus, the present study was conducted among 5-year-old and 12-years-old children in schools in rural Gurgaon. A total of 1003 children were examined of which 619 were in 5 years age group and 384 in 12 years group. The prevalence of dental caries was studied using dentition status and treatment needs index. For dental calculus criteria of Community Periodontal and for dental fluorosis Dean's index was used. In 5 years age group prevalence of dental caries was 68.5%, dental fluorosis was 22.5% and treatment needs were 63.7%. In 12 year age group prevalence of dental caries was 37.5%, dental fluorosis was 76.04%, highest community periodontal index score was 2, seen in 80.2% and overall treatment needs were 44.3%. Preventive approaches seem to be a viable alternative to tackle the overwhelming problem of dental caries and other oral diseases. Provision of oral health education in schools and school based preventive programs are important for improvement of this situation.

Oral Hygiene Practices and Dentition Status of Public Transport Workers of India- A Cross-sectional Study.

To evaluate the oral hygiene practices and dentition statuses of transport workers who were working in a public bus transport system (C.T.U.) of Chandigarh (U.T.), India. The data were recorded on a modified W.H.O. format (1997). A total of 1008 subjects constituted the final sample size. Information was obtained regarding the oral hygiene practices and clinical examinations were conducted. Statistical analysis was done by using ANOVA and Z-test. The mean age of the subjects was 45.3 ± 7.8 years. Mean DMFT of the subjects who were not using tobacco in any form was 5.02. 80.2% (808). 88.7% of the subjects brushed their teeth as least once a day. Mean number of decayed and missing teeth were 1.67 ± 2.16 and 1.46 ± 2.8, respectively and their relation with age was found to be statistically significant. Dental caries was found to be major indication in all the age groups. More elderly subjects than young needed extractions. This study emphasized the need of an improved dental awareness and availability of dental facilities to transport workers.

Oral health related quality of life among special community adult population with low socioeconomic status residing in Guntur city, Andhra Pradesh: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Yenadis are one the major tribe of Andhra Pradesh. They are special community people with low socioeconomic status (SES) and they do jobs like collecting trash from garbage for their livelihood. Their life style, livelihood practices may have an impact on their oral health. Aim: The aim was to assess the impact of SES on oral health related quality of life in yenadi's community. Materials and Methods: A total of 156 adults residing in Yenadi colony in Guntur city were interviewed with oral health impact profile-14 questionnaire which was translated to local language, followed by clinical examination for dentition status and periodontal status. Data from subjects who were missed on the day of examination were collected on consecutive days. Demographic details, oral hygiene practices and personal habit details were collected. Results: Sufficient reliability (0.8) and validity were demonstrated for questionnaire. The associated factors effecting quality of life are gender ( P = 0.02), age (0.005), SES (0.001), oral hygiene aid (0.001) and personal habits ( P = 0.001). The mean decay missing filled total value of the study subjects was 3.69 ± 2.4. Among the study subjects, 52.7% of study subjects had calculus, and 25.6% of study subjects had pockets >6 mm or more. Conclusion: This study revealed high level of oral disease and poor perception of oral health among the people residing in that area, which is due to lack of knowledge of existing problems.