Dentistry Today Research Articles

Smart Dental Materials: Unravelling the Exciting Future of Dentistry

Dental materials have changed significantly over the years, with new materials being developed and introduced at a rapid pace. Smart materials are used in dentistry because of their excellent biocompatibility and ability to respond to physiological changes and local environmental stimuli to protect the teeth and promote oral health. Smart dental materials change one or more of their characteristics in response to inputs. They actively contribute to the functionality of the structure or apparatus. Smart materials are an answer to the requirement of environment-friendly and responsive materials. Smart materials are a new generation of materials which hold a good promise for the future in the field of bio‑smart dentistry. They offer significant possibilities, but considerable research is required in this field of material science. It is the need of the hour that all dentists should be aware of these innovative materials to enable their use and utilize their optimal properties in day-to-day practice to provide quality and effective holistic treatment. The objective of this article is to shed light and improve understanding on the various bioactive and smart materials being used in dentistry today and to provide a perspective on the exciting future of these smart dental biomaterials.

EARLY DETECTION OF DISEASES OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING DENTAL TREATMENT

The problem of early diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction remains important in dentistry today. The prevalence rate of diseases of the temporomandibular joint ranges from 35% to 83% according to various researchers.

Zirconia single retainer fixed dental prostheses for the posterior region-A novel preparation technique and literature review.

The principles of tissue preservation, minimally invasiveness and approaching different clinical situations biologically rather than surgically govern today's dentistry. Thus, different clinical scenarios require procedures that offer the dentist and the patient the possibility to choose the more invasive treatment options later in life. Subsequently, the case reported refers to a minimally invasive technique that treats single tooth edentulism using single partial retainer FDPs fabricated from monolithic zirconia. This approach is conservative, biocompatible, aesthetic, strong, rapidly obtained through CAD/CAM techniques and cost-effective.

A Method for Studying the Size and Position of the Apical Bases of the Jaws Using Computed Tomography of the Jaws

The study of the apical bases has been relevant in orthodontics for many decades; its study was carried out both on jaw models and on lateral cephalograms. Dentistry today is impossible without three-dimensional studies, which allows you to study an object from any angle and visualize the smallest changes in the anatomical structures of the area under study. The use of cone beam computed tomography to study the apical bases of the jaws makes it possible to study the configuration, size, and position of both the bases themselves and the structures that form them. The parameters we proposed allow us to study the width, length and angle of inclination of the apical base on single CBCT sections. Clinical use of the proposed analysis will contribute to more complete and accurate orthodontic treatment planning.

ДИНАМИКА УРОВНЯ ЦИТОКИНОВ РОТОВОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ У БОЛЬНЫХ С ПРЕДРАКОВЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ПОСЛЕ ПРОВЕДЕННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ

To diagnose precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa in dentistry today, a large number of techniques are used. Despite the fact that the best method is still a morphological study, its use in a clinical setting is extremely difficult. Non-invasive examination methods, such as luminescent and autoluminescent methods, optical coherence tomography, simple and extended stomatoscopy, are being widely developed. All of them also have a number of disadvantages, including inaccessibility to primary care dentists, the complexity and duration of the study, and the inability to assess the dynamics of the therapy. One of the promising methods is the method for assessing the level of cytokines in the oral fluid. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of assessing the dynamics of the ongoing treatment of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa by analyzing the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the oral fluid. 50 patients with precancerous diseases of the oral cavity were examined. Of these, 2 cohorts of 25 people were formed. In the main group, the drug “Eplan” was used as a keratoplasty; in the comparison group, a traditional treatment regimen was used. A survey of 25 healthy people was also carried out. Analysis of the level of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed a significant increase in the concentration of these molecules in patients with dyskeratosis. After the treatment, there was a normalization of indicators in both groups with better dynamics in the main group. Conclusions were drawn about the possibility of using the level of salivary cytokines to predict the occurrence and malignancy of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa, as well as to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

An Overview of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Dental Panoramic Radiography in Dentistry in the Community.

This study reviews the two most important and frequently used systems of tomography used in dentistry today. These are the dental panoramic radiograph (DPR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The importance of the DPR has been accentuated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, as it does not produce an aerosol. Its clinical importance is derived from its panoramic display of the jaws and associated structures and should be examined for incidental findings that may portend a potentially serious outcome. An important recent spin-off of the DPR is the extra-oral bitewing, which can replace its traditional, uncomfortable and aerosol-generating intra-oral counterpart. Although much has been written about them, this paper reviews their essential attributes and limitations in clinical dentistry. Although attempts have been made to reproduce some of the attributes of CT in CBCT such as Hounsfield Units (HU) and improve the contrast resolution of the soft tissues, these remain elusive. Nevertheless, CBCT's dataset should be appropriately reconstructed to fully display the clinical feature prompting its prescription. In certain cases, more than one mode of reconstruction is required.

METHOD OF VORT IN PRACTICE OF DENTISTRY

The challenge facing reconstructive dentistry today is how to achieve excellent aesthetic results while preserving the biological structures involved as much as possible. Today, clinicians and dental technicians have materials and procedures at their disposal that make it possible to recreate aesthetics and function in a simpler and more predictable way.

World Trends in Dental Ergonomics Research: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Dental ergonomics provides an overview of dentists' work efficiency. The objective of this study was to obtain quantitative information and produce a visualization of the network of scientific publications on the topic of ergonomics and dentistry using bibliometric analysis. Data mining was conducted using the Scopus database and Boolean expressions (ergonom* AND dentist*) on 14 April 2023. Data extraction and analysis were performed using Open Refine version 3.5.2., VOSviewer version 1.6.17., VOSviewer thesaurus, Microsoft Excel, and Tableau Professional version 2020.1.2. A total of 682 documents were identified, with the United States having the largest number of documents and citations (89 documents, 1321 citations). Work, Dentistry Today, and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health were the top three sources. Ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are two of the very prominent keywords, with research topics covering prevalence, causes, factors related to causes, prevention, assessment, rehabilitation, evaluation, and intervention. There was no research on ergonomic interventions that collaborated with human factors and ergonomics (HFE). We conclude that the trending topic of dental ergonomics research topics around the world is centered on MSDs. The future research challenge is to apply HFE science to improve the health, safety, efficiency, and quality of dentists' work.

Global oral health initiative: World Health Organization strategic action plan.

Dentistry today is a profession which is facing several challenges: -Oral health is less good than thirty years ago, especially in thelow social-economic level countries and emerging countries. -A reduced or poorly distributed number of professionals, which necessarily implies unequal access to care. -Multiple social determinants which are more and more impacting oral health. To tackle these challenges, WHO launched the WHO Global Oral Health strategy which it goal is to guide Member States to: -develop ambitious national responses to promote oral health -reduce oral diseases, other oral conditions and oral health inequalities -strengthen efforts to address oral diseases and conditions as part of universal health coverage; and consider the development of targets and indicators, based on national and subnational contexts, building on the guidance to be provided by the WHO global action plan 2023-2030 on oral health.

Active oxygen in home bleaching. Clinical observation

Perception of the surrounding world is a subjective point of view of a single individual. Despite the multicomponent nature of the factors that determine the attitude to a particular opponent, his appearance, in particular the condition of the dentoalveolar determines the overall prognosis for further interaction. Thus, the aesthetic component, in particular the condition of the lower third of the face, plays a decisive role in assessing a person’s appearance. One of the defining tasks of aesthetic dentistry today is the development of effective and safe methods of teeth whitening. There are numerous “office” and home technologies for carrying out this procedure. The greatest interest is home bleaching, as a way to reduce the financial and time costs of patients. In addition, according to a number of studies, performing a “home ritual” contributes to greater awareness of patients about the need to monitor high-quality individual oral hygiene, which is the main component in the prevention of diseases of the oropharyngeal region. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of existing medicinal compositions for home bleaching. Materials and methods: on the basis of PMFI, 126 patients dissatisfied with the aesthetic appearance of the dentition participated in the study, who were divided into 4 groups: 1st — 53 patients with A2 color; 2nd — 36 with B2 color; 3rd — 17 with B1 color; 4th — 20 with color B2. All subjects before the course of maintenance therapy were home bleaching for 14 days using ACTIVE OXYGEN components, after which, according to the design of the study, the proposed algorithm was performed, differing according to the division into groups, to maintain the result obtained. The evaluation criteria were — fixation of indicators according to the Vita scale on the 7th, 14th day and after 1 month. The sensitivity indicators of the dentition were also evaluated using the Schiff scale. Results: a stable result was obtained in all groups, by the 14th day of observation in 6 patients of group 1, when determining the color of the dentition on the Vita scale, the color changed to A1, in 4 patients of group 2, the color changed to B1, in group 4, 10 patients had discoloritis with a color change to A2, which it was a negative trend in the absence of the use of additional individual hygiene products. Conclusions. The use of home supportive personal hygiene products with bleaching action is a necessary condition for maintaining the result, especially in patients with bad habits and non-compliance with the “white” diet in the long term.

Assessing the Efficacy of AI Segmentation in Diagnostics of Nine Supernumerary Teeth in a Pediatric Patient

We present a very rare case of a child with nine supernumerary teeth to analyze the potential, benefits, and limitations of artificial intelligence, as well as two commercial tools for tooth segmentation. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly finding applications in dentistry today, particularly in radiography. Special attention is given to models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and their application in automatic segmentation of the oral cavity and tooth structures. The integration of AI is gaining increasing attention, and the automation of the detection and localization of supernumerary teeth can accelerate the treatment planning process. Despite advancements in 3D segmentation techniques, relying on trained professionals remains crucial. Therefore, human expertise should remain key, and AI should be seen as a support rather than a replacement. Generally, a comprehensive tool that can satisfy all clinical needs in terms of supernumerary teeth and their segmentation is not yet available, so it is necessary to incorporate multiple tools into practice.

CONTRIBUTION OF CORRECTIVE ORTHODONTICS PRIOR TO PROSTHETIC REHABILITATIVE TREATMENT: literature review

Today's dentistry has increasingly sought treatments that involve a multidisciplinary approach to specialties. Therefore, orthodontics is the branch that deals with the prevention and correction of occlusal problems, acting in many cases in the pre-prosthetic treatment of patients. For this, the most used movements are, in general, extrusion, intrusion and verticalization. Thus, the justifications for this research consist of bringing updated information through a literature review, on the importance of multidisciplinary treatment in the rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients, with removable partial dentures, fixed prostheses or dental implants, correlating pre-prosthetic treatment with orthodontics. corrective. To this end, the general objective is to discuss the role of orthodontics in establishing a stable occlusion in patients who will undergo prosthetic rehabilitation. Specifically defining the advantages of orthodontics as an integral part of rehabilitative treatment, explaining the principles of malocclusion in partially edentulous patients. It is concluded, therefore, that there is a constant improvement in techniques and the possibility of success in the treatment of each patient. Intensive studies on mini implants are a factor of great importance in resolving cases requiring orthodontic adjustment. Therefore, orthodontic maneuvers, when planned before the prosthesis, can provide better hygiene, less plaque retention, elimination of unnecessary wear, correction of the occlusal relationship, distribution of occlusal forces, greater preservation of dental structures and better periodontal condition.

Quality of life of patients without teeth, which are prosthetized

BACKGROUND: High-quality rehabilitation of patients without teeth is one of the urgent problems in dentistry today. Owing to the growing number of older patients and the need for quality treatment, the most physiologically accurate complete removable dentures that meet the needs of patients and reduce negative effects after treatment must be manufactured.
 AIM: To determine and compare the effect of complete removable dentures, made by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing methods, on the quality of life of patients without teeth.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical study involved 60 older patients (aged 60 years) without upper and lower teeth. These patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. In the first group, removable dentures were manufactured using digital technologies. In the second group, removable dentures were made by traditional technology. The quality of life of all patients before and after treatment was evaluated using the OHIP-14 questionnaire.
 RESULTS: More positive assessments were noted in the change in the state after prosthetics with full removable dentures made by digital technology. With approximately total equal indicators of the questionnaire, the best values of the clinical effect were found in the digital technology for making prostheses with 3.74 versus 1.19. When comparing individual categories, eating problems, communication problems, everyday living problems, and clinical performance were markedly higher with digital manufacturing technology.
 CONCLUSION: The clinical efficacy of treatment with prostheses made using digital technology is on average approximately 3.14 times higher (p 0.001) than that in orthopedic rehabilitation using prostheses made by analog traditional technology. Thus, better clinical results are obtained in patients using prostheses made by the proposed technology for making complete removable dentures.

Antibacterial Activity of a Bioactive Tooth-Coating Material Containing Surface Pre-Reacted Glass in a Complex Multispecies Subgingival Biofilm.

Bioactive materials were developed with the ability to release fluoride and provide some antimicrobial potential, to be widely used in dentistry today. However, few scientific studies have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of bioactive surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) coatings (PRG Barrier Coat, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) on periodontopathogenic biofilms. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of S-PRG fillers on the microbial profile of multispecies subgingival biofilms. A Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) was used to grow a 33-species biofilm related to periodontitis for 7 days. The S-PRG coating was applied on CBD pins from the test group and photo-activated (PRG Barrier Coat, Shofu), while the control group received no coating. Seven days after treatment, the total bacterial counts, metabolic activity, and microbial profile of the biofilms were observed using a colorimetric assay and DNA-DNA hybridization. Statistical analyses were applied; namely, the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's post hoc tests. The bacterial activity of the test group was reduced by 25.7% compared with that of the control group. A statistically significant reduction was observed for the counts of 15 species: A. naeslundii, A. odontolyticus, V. parvula, C. ochracea, C. sputigena, E. corrodens, C. gracilis, F. nucleatum polymorphum, F. nucleatum vincentii, F. periodonticum, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, G. morbillorum, S. anginosus, and S. noxia (p ≤ 0.05). The bioactive coating containing S-PRG modified the composition of the subgingival biofilm in vitro, thereby decreasing colonization by pathogens.

MISINTERPRETATION OF INFLAMMATORY LESION AND BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA IN SWELLING AND TOOTH MOBILITY CASES

Most complaints in dentistry today are about swelling and mobility of the tooth, and the diagnosis of an inflammatory lesion is generally made in both complaints. Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a type of malignant tumor classified as Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) with clinical symptoms of swelling dan tooth mobility similar to the inflammatory lesions. This paper aims to describe the similarities between inflammatory lesions and Burkitt's lymphoma. Burkitt's lymphoma can be classified into endemic, sporadic, and human immunodeficiency-related. Sporadic BL (sBL) occurs in approximately 12 to 30% of maxillofacial patients and commonly affects children. Several case studies reported that the clinical symptom of sBL is swelling. It has been reported in Europe and Asia that sBL in children shows swelling and tooth mobility in the maxillary and mandibular regions. Enlargement and redness of gingival tissue, hypermobility of the tooth, and swelling of the gingival around the painful tooth were reported as sBL cases after some examination. Inflammatory lesions such as BL-like have similar clinical symptoms, so the dentist must be careful in diagnosing cases of swelling and tooth mobility.

Analysing the effect of sodium bicarbonate and glycine air polishing on tooth surfaces with two different imaging methods.

The aim of this study was to compare two different imaging methods by assessing changes caused by sodium bicarbonate and glycine air polishing on the tooth surfaces. Fourteen single root teeth with exposed root surfaces were included into the study. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups: sodium bicarbonate and glycine group. Samples were scanned in a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) at baseline and then after air-polishing powder applications, the defect volume values were evaluated. There was a statistically significant difference between mean defect volume values that occurred after glycine and sodium bicarbonate air polishing evaluated with micro-CT and CAD/CAM (p < 0.05). After sodium bicarbonate air polishing, defect volume on enamel surface at maximum power and defect volume on the exposed root surface at medium power values calculated with CAD/CAM were higher. After glycine air polishing, defect volume values on both surfaces at medium power setting calculated with CAD/CAM were lower. Defect volume values on enamel surface at maximum power setting calculated with CAD/CAM were higher than calculated with micro-CT. We concluded that CAD/CAM cannot provide as accurate results as micro-CT. Glycine-based powder is less abrasive than sodium bicarbonate, especially on enamel surface. Lay Description: Micro-CT is a non-destructive imaging method with high resolution and allows to examine all tooth structures individually. CAD/CAM are systems that are widely used in dentistry today. Access to the device is easier than micro-CT. Intraoral scanners in CAD/CAM systems also provide non-destructive image scanning. The aim of this study was to compare two different imaging methods by assessing changes caused by sodium bicarbonate and glycine air polishing on the tooth surfaces. The results showed that because of the analyses made with CAD/CAM, similar results could not be obtained with micro-CT and cannot be used to evaluate the changes that occur after air polishing.

Management of tooth loose with Cu-sil denture (case report)

The success of denture treatment depends on the preservation of the remaining alveolar ridge. Preservation of the remaining na-tural teeth can assist in maintaining the integrity of alveolar ridge and proprioceptive ability of the periodontium. The main fo-cus in dentistry today is the maintenance of teeth and the periodontium. This case reports on the rehabilitation of a Cu-sil den-ture in the maxilla. A 70-year-old male patient wants to have denture because he wants to be able to eat and improve his appear-ance. The patient wants to preserve his remaining teeth as much as possible. It is concluded that Cu-sil denture can be an al-ternative treatment for patients who want to replace missing teeth while maintaining the remaining teeth.

Approach to clinical laser application in pediatric dentistry

The modern concept of pediatric dentistry today is based on minimally invasive dentistry. Light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation or Laser is one of the newest technologies available and is used for dental and oral care. This technology causes patient compliance with treatment to be maximized because the discomfort caused is very minimal. Lasers are an exci-ting technology and make pediatric dental care more optimal without causing many of the fear factors found in conventional dental care. This protocol has been developed long ago so that laser treatment can continue to evolve and is a safe and effective part of treatment. Although it has some disadvantages regarding cost and training, its use in pediatric dental procedures is well received by patients and their parents. Because of this, the use of lasers, especially in pediatric dentistry, is increasingly import-ant and needs to be developed. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) states that the use of laser as an alterna-tive method in the treatment of hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity for infants, children, adolescents, and patients with special health care needs, but dentists need additional training to apply it to pediatric dental care.

The use of teledentistry and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in dental and oral health services for the elderly in the era of the covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review

Objective: This paper aims to determine the use of teledentistry and AI in the elderly to maintain the health of their oral cavity and teeth during the COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Methods: Technology in dentistry today is developing very rapidly, improving the quality of dental and oral health services. During the pandemic, the elderly has concerns about Covid-19 contamination when they have to see a dentist. Their situation has led to discussions and efforts to use teledentistry and Artificial intelligence to facilitate services and care for the elderly during the pandemic.&#x0D; Results: Teledentistry is used as a medium for consultation, diagnosis, referral system, treatment, and follow-up. While Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used in diagnostic, patient data management, restoration, and CAD/CAM-based denture manufacture, detecting periodontal disease, and dental radiology.&#x0D; Conclusion: Teledentistry and AI can be a promising alternative in dental and oral health services to reduce anxiety and fear of contamination with Covid-19. The technologies make it easier for health workers, especially dentists, to maintain and improve the quality of life of the elderly during the pandemic.

Comparison of the Adhesive Strength of Universal Systems with and without MDP on Dentin by Microblading

In dentistry today, evaluating adhesive strength is crucial for successful treatment with universal adhesive systems. This article evaluates the adhesive resistance to dentin micro bleaching of two universal adhesive systems with and without MDP. For this purpose, third molars (n=40), divided into two groups, were used without occlusal enamel using a low-speed bioactive diamond disc with cooling up to 4mm above the amelocemental line. The universal adhesive system with MDP was applied for group 1 (n=20), and the universal adhesive system without MDP for group 2 (n=20). A standardized resin cylinder of 2mm in diameter and 4mm in height was made for both groups using a silicone mold, placing it on the occlusal surface. Each group was divided into two subgroups, where (n=10) were subjected to thermocycling and (n=10) were not subjected to thermocycling, to subsequently perform the micro-shearing test using the Shimadzu AGS-X Universal Testing Machine. The data were analyzed by ANOVA test, stating that the groups with MDP showed significantly higher micro-shear values than those without MDP. This shows that the MDP group's mean shear load value of the resin cylinders is higher than that in the non-MDP group.