Dentate Margin Research Articles

Marchantia longii(Marchantiaceae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China

Abstract Marchantia longii R.L.Zhu, Y.L.Xiang et L.Shu sp. nov. (Marchantiaceae) from northwestern Yunnan, China, is described as new to science. It is similar to Marchantia emarginata, but can be distinguished by the large epidermal pore ((108−)150−210 μm in diameter), the acute to obtuse inner margin of surrounding cells of pores in vertical section, the female receptacle dissected (0.2−0.4 of diameter) into 5−7 subquadrate to oblong lobes truncate or rounded apically, and the entire to weakly dentate margin of the appendage of the median scale. A phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences of rbcL, trnL–F and nrITS1–5.8S confirms M. longii as a sister to the clade of M. emarginata subsp. tosana + M. inflexa + M. papillata subsp. grossibarba, and this new species is placed in Marchantia subg. Clamidium.

Impatiens guiqingensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Gansu, China

Impatiens guiqingensis S. X. Yu (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Gansu Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is superficially similar to I. dicentra in having 1–2 flowered racemose inflorescences, lateral sepals with dentate margin, top of lower and upper petals of lateral united petals with bristle appendages, but differs from the latter by yellow flower, lower sepal without spur and dorsal petal with unapparent crest. Moreover, the occurrence of the new species is also different from the related one.

Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. (Orchidaceae), new addition to the flora of Gujarat, India

<p><em>Oberonia mucronata </em>(D.Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. is characterized by its dense flowered racemose inflorescence, petals with erose-toothed margin, and tri-lobed lip with dentate margin. A brief description and images are provided here for easy identification of the species along with a report of its new distribution record in Gujarat State.</p><div> </div>

A New Species of Lejeunea Lib. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) from Eastern Himalaya, India

A new species of Lejeunea Lib., Lejeunea liromobana sp. nov., is described from West Siang district in Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya, India. The species is characterized by large first tooth of leaf lobule, (1–) 2–3 cells long, (1–) 2–3 cells wide at base, 1–2 cells uniseriate at apex, prominent second tooth forming a hump, occasionally unicellular; small underleaves with dentate margins; keel of male bracts not winged; perianth beak 2–3 (–4) cells long, 4–5 cells wide at base, cells elongated, arranged spirally.

Four new species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) from central Mexico

Four new species of Salvia are described and illustrated. These come from central Mexico in the region studied in the project Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Adyacentes. The four species belong to the subgenus Calosphace. Salvia carranzae is placed in the section Fulgentes and is distinguished by the stem ascending at first and then pendulous, leaves that present an irregularly dentate margin, inflorescence supine, corolla tube without papillae inside, narrow lower lip of the corolla with three very short lobules on the apex, and the upper branch of the style shorter than the lower. Salvia calderoniae has affinity with the species of section Angulatae and is distinguished by being a perennial herbaceous plant, erect, with short, lax inflorescences (3.5–10 cm) With few verticillasters 12(–19) and few flowers per verticillaster (2–8), and corolla tube arched upwards of 6–13 mm long. Salvia xolocotzii is morphologically similar to the species of section Uliginosae; it is characterized by being a herbaceous perennial plant, stoloniferous, decumbent, 15–45 cm tall, terminal inflorescence, rachis and calyx with glandular pubescence, upper lip of the calyx entire, with 5 veins, blue corolla with ventricose tube and connectives with a short acute tooth. Salvia zamoranensis coincides with the species of section Brandegeia; it is characterized by abundant long trichomes, extended on stems and calyces, calyx with 5 veins, blue corolla and ventricose, invaginated and epapillate tube, and a lower lip with two lines of white marks. The four species are distributed in forests of temperate climates and are endemic to the northeast of Guanajuato and Querétaro and southeast of San Luis Potosí.

Seedling phenology of Clerodendrum indicum exhibiting the unusual epigeal cryptocotylar type of germination

Clerodendrum indicum (L.) O. Kuntze (Lamiaceae) is characterized by some unique features in its seedling phenology and germination. The epigeal cryptocotylar type of seedling of the species is uncommon among dicotyledons. Significant morphological characters of the seedling of the species are thickened hypocotyl, a pair of cryptocotylar epigeal cotyledons and five pairs of eophylls in opposite decussate phyllotaxy. Each eophyll is ovate in shape with dentate margins and sub-acute apex. The eophylls are readily distinguishable from the foliage leaves of adult individuals by their architecture and phyllotaxy. The features are helpful in identifying an individual of the species at its juvenile stage, before flowering and fruiting. Clerodendrum indicum is the only known species of the order Lamiales that is characterized by the epigeal cryptocotylar type of seedling.

A new species of <i>Huperzia</i> (Lycopodiaceae) from Jeju Island, Korea: <i>Huperzia jejuensis</i>

석송과 뱀톱속에 속하는 ì‹ ì¢ ê¸´ë‹¤ëžŒì¥ê¼¬ë¦¬(H. jejuensis B.-Y. Sun & J. Lim.)를 ê¸°ìž¬í•˜ê³ ë„í•´í•˜ì˜€ë‹¤. 긴다람쥐꼬리는 현재까지 H. integrifolia (Matsuda) B. Ollg. ex Z. Satou로 취급되어 왔으나 기부(base)에서 중간부까지 가장자리가 평행한 ì„ ìƒí”¼ì¹¨í˜•ì˜ 잎, 잎의 중간부에서 상부까지 존재하는 미세한 치아상거치, 무성아의 ì •ë‹¨ì€ ì˜ˆì² ë‘ì¸ ì ì— 의해 ëšœë ·ì´ 구분되었다. í•™ëª ì˜ ì¢ ì†Œëª ì€ ì‹ ì¢ ì˜ 생육지가 ì œì£¼ë„ì¸ ì ì„ ê³ ë ¤í•˜ì—¬ ‘jejuensis’로 ì‹ ì¹­í•˜ì˜€ë‹¤. 주요어: 석송과, 뱀톱속, ì‹ ì¢ , 긴다람쥐꼬리, H. integrifolia

Primula dejuniana(Primulaceae), a New Species from Sichuan, China

Primula dejuniana G. Hao, C.M. Hu & Y. Xu sp. nova (Primulaceae) is described and illustrated from Sichuan, China. In general morphology it is clearly related to the section Petiolares subsection Davidii, which is characterized by firmly papery or leathery leaves, with veins impressed adaxially, often prominently raised and alveolate abaxially. The new species is similar to P. davidii in the indumentum and to P. tenuituba in the slender long corolla tube, but can be easily distinguished from all other species in this subsection by its leaves with an acute-apiculate apex and a sharp dentate margin.

New record of two marine ulvalean species (Chlorophyta) in Korea

Two marine ulvalean species (Chlorophyta) were collected from the southern and eastern coasts of Korea. One is morphologically characterized by usually unbranched or little branched ribbon-shaped thalli, fronds with spirally twisted basal portions and usually undulate margins and 1 (-2) pyrenoids per cell. The other has irregularly shaped thalli, undulate and dentate margins in the fronds, small macroscopic denticulations along the margin and (1-) 2-3 pyrenoids per cell. In phylogenetic tree based on molecular data, the two species nest in the same clade with Ulva flexuosa and U. rigida, respectively. These two Korean entities are identified as U. flexuosa and U. rigida, respectively, based on morphological and molecular analyses. This is the first record of Ulva flexuosa and U. rigida in Korea.

Kallymenia crouaniorum (Kallymeniaceae, Rhodophyta), a new red algal species from the Laminaria hyperborea understorey community

In this paper we describe Kallymenia crouaniorum Vergés & Le Gall, sp. nov. (Kallymeniaceae), a new marine red alga from the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. rbcL and LSU sequences of this species, previously misidentified in the field as Kallymenia reniformis, diverged from those of other Kallymenia species by at least 7.5% and 5.2%, respectively. Kallymenia crouaniorum also has a set of distinctive vegetative and reproductive characteristics, including a deeply lacerate frond, a short stipe, dentate margins, large cortical cells up to 110 μm in diameter, highly refractive stellate medullary cells with arms up to 1000 μm in length, and a monocarpogonial branch system. Molecular phylogenies inferred from rbcL and LSU data indicated, albeit with weak support, that this new species is a sister taxon of a lineage encompassing the generitype K. reniformis, as well as most species of Kallymenia included in the phylogenetic analysis. The main morphological characters that delineate monocarpogonial Kallymenia species are presented. Moreover, after reviewing the literature and several herbarium specimens, we found in the Weber-van Bosse Herbarium a specimen collected at Roscoff in August 1894 with the anatomical characters of the species described here, confirming that this newly described species has in fact been overlooked and is not a recent introduction.

Saussurea haizishanensis sp. nov. (Compositae, Cardueae) from Sichuan, China

Saussurea haizishanensis B. Q. Xiu, G. Hao & N. H. Xia sp. nov., a new species from Sichuan, China, belonging to Saussurea subg. Eriocoryne (DC.) Hook. f. sect. Cincta Lipsch., is described and illustrated. It is similar to S. delavayi, but differs in its narrowly elliptic, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate leaves, outer phyllaries that are broadly triangular with irregularly dentate margin, and densely yellowish stipitate glandular stem, leaf blades, and adaxial phyllaries. It is also similar to S. schlagintweitii, but differs in possessing numerous capitula and having adaxially glabrous petiole bases. Color plates, line drawings, a distribution map of S. haizishanensis, photographs of phyllaries and leaf blades, and SEM microphotographs of the adaxial surface of style arms, the leaf blades, the abaxial surface of phyllaries of S. haizishanensis and S. delavayi are provided.

Pharmacognostical evaluation of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. leaf and stem.

Background:Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Sapindaceae) is an important medicinal plant in the traditional system of medicine, known as karṇasphoṭa. The root of it is officially included in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia for its therapeutic uses such as jvara, kuṣṭha, pāṇḍu, kṣaya and sandhivāta etc. As no detailed analysis of macroscopy, microscopy characters of the plant, except root, have been carried out till date, it was thought worth to carry out the detailed macroscopic and microscopic study of leaves and stem, following standard pharmacognostical procedures.Materials and Methods:Pharmacognostic studies of C. halicacabum were carried out, and in this, the macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, fluorescence and phytochemical analyses were done. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash, moisture content, extractive values were determined by World Health Organization guidelines. The microscopic features of leaf and stem components were observed.Results:Macroscopically the leaves are bi-ternate, ovate-lanceolate in shape with dentate margin. Microscopically, leaf shows prominent midrib and thin dorsiventral lamina. The midrib shows the presence of epidermal layers, angular collenchyma, palisade cells and vascular strands comprised of thin walled xylem and thick walled phloem elements. The lamina shows prominent, narrow and cylindrical upper epidermis. The upper epidermal cells are large and contain mucilage, whereas lower epidermis possesses thin, small and elliptical epidermal cells. The mesophyll was differentiated into two zones upper and lower. The upper zones show narrow cylindrical palisade cells and lower zone shows 2-3 layers of loosely arranged spongy parenchyma cells. In the Paradermal section of the lamina we observe anomocytic stomata. The transverse section of stem shows a pentagonal appearance with five short blunt ridges and prominent cuticle. Parenchymatous cells, cortical sclerenchyma, lignified xylem fibers, phloem and pit were also found. In the powder microscopy of whole plant, glandular trichomes, non-glandular trichomes, fragments of lamina, xylem elements, parenchyma cells and fibers are observed. Phytochemical screening reveals that the C. halicacabum extract contains glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phytosterols, phenolic compounds and saponin.Conclusion:Various pharmacognostic characters observed in this study help in identification, quality, purity and standardization of C. halicacabum.

A new water bear, Minibiotus julianae, from the Caribbean Island of Dominica (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela: Macrobiotidae)

A new species of tardigrade, Minibiotus acadianus, is described from a moss sample collected in June 2009 from a rainforest palm tree on the island of Dominica, West Indies. The new species has a buccal tube with a single anterior curvature, two macroplacoids, and a microplacoid. The cuticle is smooth with small, evenly-distributed circular or elliptical pores. Eggs have a reticulated shell surface and short inverted goblet egg process; a dentate margin on the distal dish of the processes bears 10–12 short teeth. The new species is most similar to Minibiotus acadianus Meyer & Domingue, 2011; both have wider buccal tubes than other species in the genus. The new species is easily distinguished from M. acadianus in lacking cuticular gibbosities and in some characters of the egg.

Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves and stem of Careya arborea Roxb.

ObjectiveTo study detailed pharmacognostic profile of leaves and stem of Careya arborea C. arborea) Roxb. (Lecthyidaceae), an important medicinal plant in the Indian system of medicine. MethodsLeaf and stem samples of C. arborea were studied by macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical, fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO. ResultsMacroscopically, the leaves are simple, broadly obovate in shape, acuminate apex with crenate, dentate margin, petioles (0.1-1.8 cm) long. Microscopically, the leaf showed the presence of median large size vascular bundle covered with fibrous bundle sheath, arrangement of xylem in cup shape and presence of cortical vascular bundle, patches of sclerenchyma, phloem fibers in groups and brown pigment containing cells in stem are some of the diagnostic features noted from anatomical study. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of parenchyma cells, xylem with pitted vessels and epidermis with anisocytic stomata. The investigations also included leaf surface data; quantitative leaf microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Physiochemical parameters such as loss on drying, swelling index, extractive values and ash values were also determined and results showed that total ash of the stem bark was about two times higher than leaf and water soluble extractive value of leaf and stem bark was two times higher than alcohol soluble extractive value. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of triterpenoids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. ConclusionsThe results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications.

Cryptonemia rotunda (Halymeniales) and Schizymenia apoda (Nemastomatales), two new records of red algae from Korea

Here we report the first finding of Cryptonemia rotunda and Schizymenia apoda in Korea based on plastid rbcL sequence analysis and morphological observations. C. rotunda occurred in the subtidal in Hongdo and Namyeodo on the south coast. Thalli have short stipe with foliose, membranous blades with dentate margin, a length of 2-8 cm. S. apoda occurred in many locations along the coast of Korea. Thalli are foliose, simple or broadly lanceolate blades with irregular lobes and proliferations from the margins, sometimes undulate, soft fleshy, and slippery, up to 32 cm tall, and have cystocarps with ostioles on the blade. Plastid rbcL sequences reveal that each of these species is clearly separated from other species of their respective genera. S. apoda was well resolved within the genus. However, C. rotunda was distantly related to other members of the genus, and this result needs an urgent revision of the genus.

New record of Sargassum denticarpum Ajisaka (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from Iriomote Island (Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan)

Abstract The brown macroalgal genus Sargassum forms beds around the Japanese coast; these beds are important for marine ecosystem functioning and fisheries. In recent years, a northward shift in the distribution patterns of southern Sargassum spp. has been postulated as a result of warming in the western Pacific. To examine this theory, we surveyed species richness and diversity of genus Sargassum algae around the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, which is the northern limit of selected Sargassum species native to tropical and subtropical regions. We collected from Iriomote Island (Ryukyu Archipelago) specimens of a species resembling Sargassum denticarpum, which is endemic to Vietnam. The specimens had the following morphological characteristics in common with S. denticarpum: (1) terete or slightly compressed primary branches, (2) simple lanceolate primary and lateral leaves with dentate margins in all stages, (3) spherical-to-elliptical vesicles with or without spines and wings, (4) monoecious, and (5) compressed receptacles with spines on the margins. In addition, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences of the Ryukyu specimens and of S. denticarpum collected in Vietnam clearly showed that the two are closely related. On the basis of these morphological and molecular characteristics, we present the first report of S. denticarpum in Japan.

Vitalianthus guangxianus (Lejeuneaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China

The genus Vitalianthus (Lejeuneaceae) was considered endemic to Brazil, containing two species. A third species, Vitalianthus guangxianus R.L.Zhu, Q.He & Y.M.Wei sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Guangxi, south-west China. It differs from the other Vitalianthus species mainly in its smaller size and dentate margin of female bracteoles and female bract lobules. The discovery of this new species expands the geographical range of Vitalianthus to Asia. A key to the known species of Vitalianthus is provided.

Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.: Pharmacognostic standardization of the female leaves with special emphasis on the microscopic technique

Objectives:Standardization is essentially a measure for ensuring the quality control of herbal drugs. But the gender of the plant affecting the quality of crude drugs does not appear to have been taken care of so far. Today, sophisticated modern research tools for the evaluation of the plant drugs are available but the microscopic method is one of the simplest and cheapest methods.Methods and Materials:The pharmacognostic investigation of the fresh, powdered, and anatomical sections of the female leaves of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. was carried out to determine its bioprospective constants.Results and Discussion:Externally, the leaves possess a cordate base, a sinuate and dentate margin, an acute to acuminate apex, and both surfaces are very rough with rigid hair surface. Internally, it shows the presence of anomocytic stomata, unicellular, and both glandular and simple covering trichomes scattered as such throughout or attached with the cells of the epidermis. Majority of the glandular trichomes are with a four-to-five-celled uniseriate stalk and unicellular head; very few are short and with uni- to bicellular stalk and uni- to multicellular head especially from that of the petiole region. Simple covering, multicellular, uniseriate thick-walled trichomes are of various sizes. Usually cells of both simple and glandular trichomes are often embedded with cystolith. Phytochemical studies of the powdered leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, resins, glycosides, flavonoids and some carbohydrates. The pharmacognostic profile of the leaves will assist in the standardization for quality, purity, and sample identification.

A New Species of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) from the Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China

Pedicularis obliquigaleata W. B. Yu & H. Wang (Orobanchaceae) is described and illustrated from the Hengduan Mountains, in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. This new species was found in alpine meadows and along the edge of Abies Mill. forest. The new taxon is placed in Pedicularis ser. Dissectae H. L. Li and is similar to P. souliei Franch. from Sichuan Province. Pedicularis obliquigaleata differs by having densely gray pubescent stems; a pinnatipartite leaf with segments that are triangular-ovate to oblong-ovate with dentate margins; and flowers with two calyx lobes, a bent galea, semicircular beak, and a purple or rose-red corolla lower lip with a subtruncate middle lobe. Pollen and seed coat surface micromorphology of P. obliquigaleata were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the chromosome number and karyotype were determined as 2n = 16 = 2m 12sm 2st.

Pharmacognostic study of male leaves of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. with special emphasis on microscopic technique

Today sophisticated modern research tools for evaluation of the plant drugs are available but microscopic method is one of the simplest and cheapest methods to start with for establishing the correct identity of the source materials. Pharmacognostic investigation of the fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of the leaves of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb was carried out to determine its macro- and microscopical characters and also some of its physical constants. Externally, the leaves possess a cordate base, a sinuate and dentate margin, acute to acuminate apex and both surfaces are very rough with rigid hairs surface. Internally, its shows the presences of an anomocytic stomata, unicellular, both glandular and simple covering trichomes are scattered as such throughout or attached with the cells of the epidermis. Majority of the glandular trichomes are with 4 to 5 celled uniseriate stalk and unicellular head very few are short and with uni- to bicellular stalk and uni- to multicellular head especially from that of petiole region. Simple covering multicellular uniseriate thick walled trichomes are of various sizes and usually of the cells of both simple and glandular trichomes are often embedded with cystolith. Phytochemical studies of the powdered leaves revealed the presences of alkaloids, resins, glycosides, flavonides and some carbohydrates. The pharmacognostic profile of the leaves will assist in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification. Key words: Trichosanthes dioica, pharmacognostic standardization, male leaf morphology.