Dental Tissues Research Articles

Effective prevention of secondary caries in children’s permanent teeth using oral hygiene products

Relevance. In Russia, caries prevalence rate in permanent teeth of 12- year-olds is 75, 6%, and in 15-year-olds, it is 87, 5%. Alongside with high prevalence of caries in permanent children’s teeth, the problem of secondary caries is very significant as well. Toothpastes containing fluoride use for caries prevention. Now, there are known toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite enriched with complex (PGC) with amino acid threonine. It is advisable to study this paste effect on secondary caries occurrence.Materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory examinations and treatment of 92 children, aged 7 to 15, aged (97 teeth) were carried out during one year. They were given dental treatment, including that of dentine caries, in permanent teeth (K02.1). Fillings marginal integrity was assessed using G. Ryge (1998) criterion and electrometry method. Carious process intensity in study groups was determined using indices DMFS and ICDAS-II (code I, code II).Results. In group using toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite enriched with complex (PGC) with amino acid threonine, frequency of unsatisfactory restorations was detected only in 6% of cases; in group using fluoride containing pastes – 12%. Electrical conductivity of hard tissues in these groups increased only by 9,6 % and 36% respectively. Frequency of restorations with secondary caries signs at the end of the study was 27% in group with no preventive measures, and according to electrometric method, electrical conductivity at the border of fillings with hard dental tissues increased by 130%. Reduction of caries growth in group using toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite was 78,6%, in group with fluoride containing toothpaste – 64,3%.Conclusion. Application of a toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite enriched with Polyol Germanium Complex with amino acid threonine increases efficiency of secondary caries prevention in children's permanent teeth.

A V-shaped bis-coumarin based fluorescence probe for F- detection in tea infusions and potable water and bioimaging applications in living systems

Fluorine (F) is a pivotal element in the formation of human dental and skeletal tissues, and the consumption of water and tea constitutes a significant source of fluoride intake. However, prolonged ingestion of water and tea with excessive fluoride content can lead to fluorosis, which poses a serious health hazard. In this manuscript, a novel turn-on fluorescent probe DCF synthesized by bis-coumarin and tert-butyldiphenylsilane (TBDPS) was introduced for detecting F- in potable water and tea infusions. By leveraging the unique chemical affinity between fluoride and silicon, F- triggers the silicon-oxygen bond cleavage in DCF, culminating in a conspicuous emission of yellow fluorescence. Validated through a succession of optical tests, this probe exhibits remarkable advantages in terms of superior selectivity, a low detection limit, a large Stokes shift, and robust interference resistance when detecting inorganic fluoride. Moreover, it can serve as portable test strips for on-site real-time identification and quantitative analysis of F-. Furthermore, the application of DCF for in-situ monitoring and imaging of F- in zebrafish and soybean root tissues proved its significant value for F- detection in both animal and plant systems. This probe potentially functions as an efficient instrument for delving into the toxic mechanisms of fluoride in physiological processes.

Exploring the Potential of Micro-Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis.

Periodontitis, characterized by the progressive destruction of dental support tissues due to altered immune responses, poses a significant concern for public health. This condition involves intricate interactions between the immune response and oral microbiome, where innate and adaptive immune responses, with their diverse cell populations and inflammatory mediators, play crucial roles in this immunopathology. Indeed, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immune cells perform key functions in tissue remodeling. Focusing on periodontal therapies, our attention turns to micro-immunotherapy (MI), employing low doses (LDs) and ultra-low doses (ULDs) of immunological signaling molecules like cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Existing studies across various fields lay the groundwork for the application of MI in periodontitis, highlighting its anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential in soft tissue models based on in vitro research. In summary, this review underscores the versatility and potential of MI in managing periodontal health, urging further investigations to solidify its clinical integration. MI supports an innovative approach by modulating immune responses at low doses to address periodontitis.

WHITE SPOT LESIONS: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT METHODS

White spot lesions are early caries lesions with a milky white opaque appearance, clearly distinguishable from the surrounding intact enamel due to the difference in refractive index between the intact enamel and the demineralized area. Diagnosing these lesions and treating them early prevents the excessive loss of material in the dental tissue that will occur as the caries progresses. This review is mainly focusing on, the development, diagnosis and management of the white spot lesions.

Effects of modified twin block appliance in growing Class II high angle cases: A cephalometric study

Background Class II malocclusions represent anteroposterior dysplasia usually resulting from mandibular retrusion. Along with a retropositioned mandible, it can be associated with either upward or backward jaw rotation. High angle cases are often associated with a short ramal height, steeper mandibular plane, and large gonial angle. Twin block is a commonly used myofunctional appliance that incorporates bite planes that direct the occlusal forces in a more favorable direction for correction of the retrognathic mandible. We aimed to evaluate skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes following modified twin block appliance therapy in high-angle cases. Methods A cephalometric study was performed on 15 growing (10-14 years) high angle (Frankfort mandibular angle 28-35°) Class II Division I malocclusion patients undergoing twin block therapy. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated by cephalometric analysis using Dolphin software. Results Pre- and post-treatment changes in cephalograms were assessed by analysis of variance and paired t-test. Significant changes in the position of the mandible (angle between Sella-Nasion-Point B [SNB] increased by 3.9 degrees, P=0.02), Wits appraisal (decreased by 1.54 mm, P=0.04), maxillo-mandibular relationship (angle between Point A-Nasion-Point B [ANB] decreased by 3.74 degrees, P=0.02) were observed. Soft tissue changes like the nasolabial angle were also significant, increasing by 3.8 degrees (P=0.04) and lower lip relation to E-line (reduction in lower lip protrusion) by 2 mm (P=0.04). Vertical parameters showed non-significant changes, like the Frankfort mandibular angle (FMA) increased by 0.07 degrees, (P=0.67), the angle between Sella-Nasion and Gonion-Gnathion (SN-Go-Gn) increased by 0.33 degrees, (P=0.67), Y-axis increased by 0.2 degrees, (P=0.32). The upper incisor inclination decreased non-significantly from 115.27±1.33 to 113.42±1.65 degrees, (P=0.12) and lower incisor increased non-significantly from 100.13±2.23 to 101.80 ±1.37 degrees, (P=0.08). Conclusions Modified twin block appliance can be used to successfully treat Class II Division I high angle cases with good vertical control.

Evaluating the Effects of Carriere Motion Appliance and Twin Block Appliances in Class II Correction-A Retrospective Study.

The treatment of 38 patients was assessed. Pre- and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were analyzed to evaluate skeletal, dental, and soft tissue treatment outcomes and efficacy. Both appliances effectively corrected the Class II molar relationship. When measured at the distal aspect of the first molar, TB achieved 4.22 mm, while CMA had a 2.55 mm correction. When measured in the mesial aspect, the CMA achieved a 3.9 mm correction. The changes in SNB and ANB were statistically significant only in the TB group. The CMA appliance demonstrated statistically significantly less protrusion of the mandibular incisors and less upper incisor retrusion without vertical changes compared to the TB appliance. The TB demonstrated statistically significant lower lip protrusion compared to the CMA. The CMA corrects Class II malocclusions only by exerting a dentoalveolar influence and does not demonstrate the added effects associated with TB, such as elongation of lower facial height (LFH) and less loss of lower anchorage. Nonetheless, the correction in the TB group comprised both dentoalveolar and skeletal components. The CMA promotes a multidirectional upper and lower molar movement, and despite our 2D cephalometric analysis, we were able to estimate the extent of upper molar derotation.

Tissue Regeneration on Rise: Dental Hard Tissue Regeneration and Challenges-A Narrative Review.

As people live longer, there is an increasing need for hard tissue regeneration and whole-tooth regeneration. Despite the advancements in the field of medicine, the field of regenerative dentistry is still challenging due to the complexity of dental hard tissues. Cross-disciplinary collaboration among material scientists, cellular biologists, and odontologists aimed at developing strategies and uncovering solutions related to dental tissue regeneration. Methodology. A search of the literature was done for pertinent research. Consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 Statement, the electronic databases looked at were PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with the keyword search "hard dental tissue regeneration." Database analysis yielded a total of 476 articles. 222 duplicate articles have been removed in total. Articles that have no connection to the directed regeneration of hard dental tissue were disregarded. The review concluded with the inclusion of four studies that were relevant to our research objective. Current molecular signaling network investigations and novel viewpoints on cellular heterogeneity have made advancements in understanding of the kinetics of dental hard tissue regeneration possible. Here, we outline the fundamentals of stem hard dental tissue maintenance, regeneration, and repair, as well as recent advancements in the field of hard tissue regeneration. These intriguing findings help establish a framework that will eventually enable basic research findings to be utilized towards oral health-improving medicines.

Skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes after stabilization splint treatment for patients with temporomandibular joint disorders

BackgroundTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a grouping of heterogeneous disorders with multifactorial origins. Stabilization splints (SS) have demonstrated an acceptable treatment effect in TMD. The possible changes at the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue levels need to be addressed to evaluate the benefit/risk ratio of this therapeutic procedure. Accordingly, this study aimed to three‑dimensionally evaluate skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes after SS treatment for patients with TMD.MethodsThis retrospective study included 74 adult patients with myofascial and/or intra-articular disorders (25 males and 49 females), with an average age of 22.88 ± 4.8 years, who underwent SS treatment. Pre- and post-treatment Cone beam computed tomography were analysed using Invivo 6.0.3 software. The primary outcome was the vertical skeletal and dentoalveolar changes, while the secondary outcomes were the anteroposterior skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analyses.ResultsFor the primary outcome; skeletally, there was a significant increase in mandibular plane inclination (difference: 0.82°±1.37), decrease facial height ratio (difference: 0.45%±1.07) and at the dentoalveolar level, the inclination of the functional (FOP-SN, FOP-FH) and bisecting (BOP-SN, BOP-FH) occlusal planes exhibited a significant increase too (difference: 0.38 ± 1.43°, 0.49 ± 1.62°, 0.44 ± 1.29° and 0.41 ± 1.17°, respectively) and also a decrease in the overbite (difference: -0.54 ± 0.83). For the secondary outcomes; there was a significant decrease in mandibular position (SNB) (difference: 1.60 ± 1.36°) and increase in the overjet (difference: 0.93 ± 1.04, p < 0.001) and a significant lower lip retrusion (difference: 0.33 ± 1.01 mm p < 0.01), was observed too.ConclusionsSS therapy resulted in significant vertical skeletal and dentoalveolar changes that were manifested mainly by facial height ratio, mandibular and occlusal plane changes, and to a lesser extent, significant anteroposterior skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes in the form of mandibular position, increased overjet and a more retrusive lower lip. These changes should be considered during patients’ selection prior to initiating SS therapy.

Effect of different brushing parameters on erosive tooth wear in primary bovine enamel and dentin.

This in-vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of brushing and different brushing parameters (kind of toothpaste, kind of toothbrush, brushing force) on erosive tooth wear of primary bovine enamel and dentin. Specimens were prepared from primary bovine enamel or dentin (each group n = 12) and cyclically eroded (6 × 60 s/d, citric acid, pH 2.4) and brushed with children's toothbrushes (2 × 15 s/d) over 5 days. The brushing parameters under investigation were: toothpaste (fluoridated, fluoride-free), toothbrush (manual; rotating-oscillating and sonic, each at two different activation modes) and brushing force (1 N, 2 N). Specimens that were only eroded and not brushed served as controls. Enamel and dentin wear was quantified using widefield confocal microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using three- and one-way ANOVAs followed by Scheffe's (enamel) or Tamhane's (dentin) post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Brushing with the fluoridated toothpaste was able to significantly reduce erosive wear in enamel (by 15 to 37%, 6 of 10 groups) and in dentin (by 58 to 72%, all groups), while brushing with the fluoride-free toothpaste was not different from the controls. Considering the kind of toothpaste and brushing force, slight differences between the toothbrushes were observed in enamel, but not in dentin. Within the same toothbrush and activation mode, almost no differences between 1 and 2 N brushing force were detected. In conclusion, erosive tooth wear on primary bovine dental hard tissue mainly depends on the kind of toothpaste, rather than on the kind of toothbrush and the brushing force.

Effects of Tenascin-C on Dental Pulp Tissue in Mice In Vivo And on The Proliferation and Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Odontoblasts and Calcification In Vitro

This study aimed to investigate the effects of tenascin-C (TN-C) on dental pulp tissue and on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). In in vivo studies, A collagen sponge with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for the control group or with TN-C for the experimental group was placed over the dental pulp of mice. The root pulp was excised at 7 and 21 days postoperatively and was observed microscopically using HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory cells were found in the entire pulp tissue in the control group but no inflammatory cells were identified in the pulp tissue in the TN-C-treated experimental group. Further, nesting-positive cells at 7 days and dentin sialo phosphoprotein (DSPP)-positive cells at 21 days were seen in the experimental group. In in vitro studies, DPSCs were cultured in a medium with or without TN-C, after which the proliferation rate of DPSCs was measured mRNA expression levels were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the formation of calcified nodules was investigated using alizarin red staining. There was no significant difference in the cell proliferation rate of DPSCs between the experimental and control groups during day 3 or 5, using the proliferation rate on day 1 as the baseline value. The expression of nesting mRNA on day 7 was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P&lt;0.05), but the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental group (P&lt;0.05). More calcified nodules formed and the area of calcified nodules in the control group was significantly greater than in the TN-C-treated experimental group on day 14 and day 21 (P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that TN-C regulates inflammation during the healing process in the dental pulp and induces the differentiation of dental pulp into odontoblast-like cells. Further, TN-C promotes the early differentiation of DPSCs into odontoblast-like cells, which suggests that TN-C may further contribute to the inhibition of excessive dentin formation. From the above, TN-C is involved in differentiating dental pulp into mineralized tissue-forming cells and may have a beneficial effect in treatments that utilize this function

Dental Stem Cells and Lipopolysaccharides: A Concise Review.

Dental tissue stem cells (DTSCs) are well known for their multipotent capacity and regenerative potential. They also play an important role in the immune response of inflammatory processes derived from caries lesions, periodontitis, and gingivitis. These oral diseases are triggered by toxins known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) produced by gram-negative bacteria. LPS present molecular patterns associated with pathogens and are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in dental stem cells. In this review, we describe the effect of LPS on the biological behavior of DTSCs. We also focus on the molecular sensors, signaling pathways, and emerging players participating in the interaction of DTSCs with lipopolysaccharides. Although the scientific advances generated provide an understanding of the immunomodulatory potential of DTSCs, there are still new reflections to explore with regard to their clinical application in the treatment of oral inflammatory diseases.

Degradable polycaprolactone/buffer composites as pH regulating carrier materials for drug delivery and 3D printed biomaterials

Polymeric materials such as biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) have garnered significant attention for their utility in biomedical applications. With its notable low glass transition temperature (Tg), PCL exhibits flexibility at physiological temperatures, rendering it an ideal candidate for drug delivery systems, particularly in fibrous form. This suitability is particularly pronounced when these fibres are designed for placement within periodontal pockets resulting from periodontitis. However, the degradation of PCL yields acidic by-products, potentially impacting adjacent dental structures. To address this, several composites comprising PCL and buffering agents (CaCO3, MgCO3, NaHCO3, Na2HPO4, and TRIS) were processed to scaffolds using fused deposition modelling. For fine mineral powders (MgCO3, Na2HPO4) resulted in an extrudability of up to 20 wt% added to the PCL, whereas otherwise 30 wt% added buffer could be processed without any problems. The primary objective of these composites is to modulate the pH within the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to prevent demineralization of teeth.It was found, that only MgCO3 added to PCL can keep pH above 7.4 during enzymatic degradation over 28 days. This ensured that the polymer matrix was 100% degraded without lowering the pH value, which might prevent deminarlization of dental hard tissues for it future intended application. This influence can be directly attributed to the solubility of MgCO3, as all other buffer substances are rinsed out of the PCL matrix too quickly (max. 9 days).

The erosive effect of pomegranate juice on enamel: An in vitro study.

Dental erosion is a chemical-mechanical process that leads to the loss of dental hard tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on the enamel. Enamel blocks were randomly divided into three groups: deionized water, cola, and pomegranate juice. The blocks were immersed in the solutions four times a day for 14 days, and stored in artificial saliva for the remaining period. The surface hardness was measured on days 7 and 14. The surface structures of the demineralized blocks were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of demineralization was observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pH, calcium, and phosphorus levels of the three solutions were analyzed. The microhardness values of the blocks in the pomegranate juice and cola groups decreased with the increase in the demineralization time. The blocks in the pomegranate juice group exhibited large fractures in the enamel column, whereas those in the cola group had pitted enamels with destruction of the interstitial enamel column. Compared with cola group, fluorescent penetration increased in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). The pH of cola (2.32 ± 0.09) was lower than that of pomegranate juice (3.16 ± 0.16). Furthermore, the calcium content in pomegranate juice was significantly higher than that in cola (P < 0.01). Alternatively, the concentration of phosphorous in cola was significantly higher than that in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that pomegranate juice can cause enamel demineralization with an erosive potential comparable to that of cola.

An Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Teeth with Simulated External Cervical Resorption Cavities Categorized Using Three-Dimensional Classification.

(1) Background: External cervical resorption causes dental hard tissue destruction that may reduce the fracture resistance of affected teeth. By using a compressive strength test, this study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of teeth with simulated external cervical resorption cavities that have different three-dimensional classifications. (2) Methods: In total, 170 teeth with simulated external cervical resorptions were divided into 16 experimental groups (n = 10) and 1 control group (n = 10) based on the three-dimensional classification: 1Ap, 1Bp, 1Cp, 1Dp, 2Ap, 2Bp, 2Cp, 2Dp, 3Ap, 3Bp, 3Cp, 3Dp, 4Ap, 4Bp, 4Cp, 4Dp and a control group. Defects were restored with mineral trioxide aggregate. The fracture resistances of the samples were statistically analyzed using two-way repeated ANOVA and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons at a significance level of p < 0.05. (3) Results: The lowest resistance to fracture was observed in samples with vertical height level "4" and circumferential spread of "D" (p < 0.001). In the groups with circumferential spreads "B", "C" and "D", there were significant differences between the samples with vertical height levels "1", "2", "3" and "4" regarding fracture resistance (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The circumferential spread and vertical height of the external cervical resorption influenced the fracture resistance of the affected teeth.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Nanocomposite Based on Polyamide 6 and Trimetaphosphate Nanoparticles Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles.

This study aimed to develop a polymeric matrix of polyamide-6 (P6) impregnated with trimetaphosphate (TMP) nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity, surface free energy, TMP and Ag+ release, and cytotoxicity for use as a support in dental tissue. The data were subjected to statistical analysis (p < 0.05). P6 can be incorporated into TMP without altering its properties. In the first three hours, Ag+ was released for all groups decorated with AgNPs, and for TMP, the release only occurred for the P6-TMP-5% and P6-TMP-10% groups. In the inhibition zones, the AgNPs showed activity against both microorganisms. The P6-TMP-2.5%-Ag and P6-TMP-5%-Ag groups with AgNPs showed a greater reduction in CFU for S. mutans. For C. albicans, all groups showed a reduction in CFU. The P6-TMP groups showed higher cell viability, regardless of time (p < 0.05). The developed P6 polymeric matrix impregnated with TMP and AgNPs demonstrated promising antimicrobial properties against the tested microorganisms, making it a potential material for applications in scaffolds in dental tissues.

PRE- AND POST-NATAL METHODS FOR PREVENTING EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES

In general, the world recognizes the lack of preventive measures against dental caries in children, as evidenced by itsprevalence and intensity with a signifi cant range of fl uctuations.The aim of the study. To describe modern approaches to the prevention of early childhood dental caries in children basedon the analysis of foreign and domestic literature.Materials and methods. The study used the bibliosemantic method and structural and logical analysis. The electronicdatabases PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE were used to search modern scientifi c literature using the key words «early childhood caries», «macro and trace elements», «probiotics», «prenatal prevention», «postnatal prevention», «oral cavity microfl ora».Results and discussion. At this stage of caries development, the most eff ective prevention programs are those developedon the basis of methods to minimize the impact of risk factors for the development of the disease, such as microbial plaque,low resistance of dental tissues to demineralization, frequent consumption of carbohydrates. The practical implementation of comprehensive prevention programs is very diffi cult, as it should be carried out before the birth of a child and continue throughout life. Often the role of the dentist is to organize and monitor the program, while specifi c preventive measures can and should be implemented by health and education authorities, medical personnel, parents and educators. The greatest impact will be achieved through collaboration among specialists in various medical and non-medical fi elds.Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the literature, there is a great interest of the world’s leading scientists in the prevention of early childhood caries. However, the problems of developing adapted preventive measures taking into account etiologic factors remain relevant.

Radiological, histological and clinical side effects of incisor trimming in rabbits.

Incisor malocclusion in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a common clinical problem seen in general practice. Given that the growth rate is about 2 mm per week, a lack of wear quickly leads to feeding difficulties and soft tissue injuries. Therefore, pathologically elongated incisors must be shortened every three to six weeks. The goal of this study was to assess the potential adverse effects on dental and periodontal tissues associated with the three most commonly used trimming methods: nail cutter, diamond-coated cutting disc and diamond burr. The left mandibular incisor of 28 healthy New Zealand rabbits was subjected to four trimmings with one of the three cutting methods. After the fattening period, the mandibles were collected and both mandibular incisors were investigated on dental radiographs, micro-computed tomography scans and histological sections. Dental and periodontal tissue changes were evaluated. This study allowed a more accurate statement of the potential short-term adverse effects of the three trimming methods. At the clinical level, the nail cutter caused the formation of an irregular occlusal surface with sharp edges. Both engine-drive methods allowed the attainment of a smooth surface but the disc was less accurate. Histological evaluation revealed that the primary modifications, including coronal fractures, periodontal ligament widening and inflammation, reparative osteodentine, paracementosis and biofilm accumulation, were found in the nail cutter group.

Impact of Microbial Intake for Gums and Periodontal Health in Children Receiving Chemotherapy

Probiotics comprised of living microorganisms and are devoid of any detrimental impacts on health. When consumed in sufficient amounts, they provide nutritional advantages. The prevalent oral infections primarily target the periodontal and dental tissues inside the mouth cavity. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of oral probiotics in combating bacteria associated with periodontal and dental diseases. Moreover, it aims to evaluate the gum and periodontal well-being of children receiving chemotherapy following the intake of oral probiotics. Seventy children, aged 4 to 16 years and undergoing chemotherapy, were randomly assigned to either the control or test group, which received probiotics, over a period of ninety days. Various evaluations, including the examination of gum and teeth-supporting structures, oral cleanliness, and testing for caries activity, were conducted at different intervals. SPSS 19.0 was utilized for statistical analysis. Among participants in the treatment group, the administration of oral probiotics resulted in a noteworthy reduction in biofilm accumulation over the observation period (P &lt; 0.05). The test group exhibited an improvement in the condition of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth (P &lt; 0.05). A caries activity assessment was conducted using the Snyder test. Among the children in the research group, 10 were found to have a score of 1, while eight exhibited a score of 2. None of the children in the research group displayed a score of 3. The findings indicated that consistent intake of oral probiotics leads to a significant decrease in the build-up of biofilm, the production of tartar, and the occurrence of tooth decay within the experimental group.

Endodontic-periodontal continuum of tooth: Systematic literature review

INTRODUCTION. The pathogenetic relationship between periodontal and pulp diseases was first described by Simring and Goldberg in 1964. Since then, the term “endodontic-periodontal” lesion (or “endo-perio”) has been used to describe lesions caused by inflammatory products found to varying degrees in both the periodontal and dental pulp tissues. The pulp and periodontium have embryonic, anatomical and functional relationships. The simultaneous presence of changes in pulp tissue and inflammatory periodontal diseases can complicate diagnosis and treatment planning. The etiology, pathogenesis and treatment methods of endodontic-periodontal lesions can vary from quite simple to relatively complex aspects. Knowledge of the basis of concomitant inflammatory processes in the pulp and periodontium is important for making the correct diagnosis.AIM. Carry out a systematic analysis of the literature and summarize the available data on etiopatogenetic relations, diagnostic features and clinical history of endodontic periodontal dental lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A systematic literature analysis was carried out, as well as a manual search in the databases PubMed, Google Search, eLibrary, disserCat, Cyberleninka. Among national and foreign publications corresponding to the topic of this review, 28 publications were selected for systematic analysis, the results of literature review are presented in this article.CONCLUSION. This systematic review found that dental anatomy and the etiology of endodontic periodontal lesions are the basis for difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with endo-periodontal lesions. Determining the prevalence of infection and the individual characteristics of EPP pathogenesis in patients in this group remains a challenge. In the future, it is necessary to develop new methods of diagnosis, prophylaxis and complex treatment of combined periodontal tissue and tooth pulp, which will improve the prognosis of treatment of injured teeth in the long term.

Cryo-Electron Microscopy in Dental Research

The field of dental research has experienced a significant transformation with the introduction of Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM), a technique that aims for accuracy and originality. This innovative imaging technology has surpassed the limitations of conventional microscopy, allowing for unique understanding of the complex structures and dynamic processes within the dental microcosm. This abstract explores the significant influence of Cryo-EM in dental research, specifically highlighting its crucial role in understanding the intricacies of dental tissues, interactions between biomaterials, and the behavior of microorganisms at the nanoscale. Cryo-EM combines advanced technology and scientific investigation to not only produce detailed images but also record the dynamic movements of molecules in dental biomaterials. This allows for the development of customized dental therapies. This abstract discusses the use of Cryo-EM in studying the structure of enamel, examining the interactions between dental materials and tissues, and analyzing the complex microbial communities in the mouth. Through the clarification of these intricate particulars, Cryo-EM emerges as a revolutionary instrument, molding the field of dental research, diagnostics, and therapeutic treatments. This investigation encompasses the wonders of Cryo-EM, enhancing our comprehension of dental complexities and laying the groundwork for groundbreaking progress in oral healthcare.