Dental Perspective Research Articles

Evaluation of Patients for High-risk Obstructive Sleep Apnea from a Dental Perspective: A Cross-sectional Study

Evaluation of Patients for High-risk Obstructive Sleep Apnea from a Dental Perspective: A Cross-sectional Study

Enamel Renal Syndrome: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

BackgroundEnamel renal syndrome (ERS) (OMIM 204690) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta, failed tooth eruption, intrapulpal calcifications, gingival enlargement, and nephrocalcinosis. The rarity of the condition and the variability of the phenotype has led to ERS not being fully characterized.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to account for the range and current state of knowledge on ERS and synthesize these findings into a comprehensive summary, focusing on the pathophysiology, genotype-phenotype correlations, and patient management from a dental perspective.MethodsThe authors will conduct a systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), BioMed Central, EbscoHost Web, Web of Science, and WorldCat. We will include all studies with human participants with a confirmed diagnosis of ERS. Articles will be screened in two stages (ie, initially by title and abstract screening and then full-text screening by two independent reviewers). Data extraction will be conducted using a customized electronic data extraction form. We will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies. We will structure the results according to themes.ResultsThis protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework. The electronic search was conducted in July 2020 and updated in April 2021. The research findings will be published in an open access journal.ConclusionsDentists should be able to identify patients with clinical features of ERS so that they receive appropriate referrals for renal evaluation, genetic counseling, and oral rehabilitation to increase the patient’s quality of life. A scoping review is the most appropriate method to conduct this comprehensive exploration of the current evidence, which may be sparse due to the rarity of the condition. It will also enable us to identify gaps in the research.Trial RegistrationOpen Science Framework; https://osf.io/cghsaInternational Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/29702

Treacher collins syndrome: An update from a stomatological point of view

Introduction: Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is congenital craniofacial disorder, in which mainly the malar, a maxillary hypoplasia and peri orbital anomalies are affected. Objective: To analyze the literature on TCS from a dental perspective, to investigate information on the etiology, diagnosis, clinical and oral manifestations, and its treatment. Methodology: Using the keywords “Treacher Collins”, “etiology”, “prevalence”, “oral manifestations” and “clinical management”, the MEDLINE/PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched, with emphasis on the last 5 years. It was evaluated with the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. Results: Its incidence was found to be 1:50000. It is mainly due to 3 genes, POLR1D, POLR1C and TCOF1; these genes manifest individually. Diagnosis can be clinical and by some genetic tests. The most common features range from mandibular hypoplasia, involvement of the external auditory canals, downward palpebral fissures, among others. Most of the anomalies can have an impact on tooth eruption, malocclusion and temporomandibular joint. The maxillary and mandibular cranial region is the most affected in this syndrome. The most common treatments in dentistry are orthodontics, palate correction and cleft lip. Conclusions: It is important to know the affectations that these patients present to be able to provide a better diagnosis and have in mind which are the possible treatments that we can apply to these patients. The work is multidisciplinary and begins at an early age to increase the quality of life and lifestyle.

Collaborative leadership with a focus on stakeholder identification and engagement and ethical leadership: a dental perspective.

The dental profession is susceptible to change. In order to cope and adapt, individuals and organisations will need to work together, now more than ever. One approach that may be beneficial in these times, and beyond, is collaborative leadership. This is where a mutually beneficial relationship is established between two or more parties, who work towards common goals by sharing authority, responsibility and accountability for achieving results. When groups of individuals look beyond their personal interests and instead collaborate, they may channel their efforts to successfully achieve shared goals. However, for this to be fruitful, stakeholders (to include different individuals or groups that have a vested interest) will need to be identified and engaged, and ethical values based on the objectives of the organisation and those advocated by professional and regulatory bodies must be upheld. This paper explores how the traditional practices of stakeholder identification and engagement, as well as ethical leadership, may be of relevance in attaining success through the contemporary collaborative leadership approach.

Hospital Dentistry for Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Comprehensive Review.

This study aimed to review the oral hygiene status, oral care guidelines, and outcomes of oral care in intensive care unit (ICU) patients from a dental perspective for effective oral care. A literature search using the keywords “Hospital dentistry” OR “Oral care” OR “Intensive care unit” OR “Hospital inpatient” OR “Hospitalization” OR “Emergency service” AND “Oral health” OR “Oral hygiene” OR “Dental plaque” was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar to identify publications reporting on the oral care of the patients admitted to ICUs. A total of 17,400 articles were initially identified. Of these, 58 were selected and classified into three categories for critical review. Seven of these studies evaluated the oral status of ICU patients, and most of the studies indicated that ICU patients had poor oral hygiene or required active dental treatment. Thirty-three of these studies evaluated oral care methods for ICU patients, and in general, oral care methods using chlorhexidine as adjuncts along with tooth brushing were recommended. However, there were insufficient studies to evaluate oral hygiene through effective assessment tools from a dental perspective. In 36 studies on the outcomes of oral care in ICU patients, interventions by dental professionals showed effective results in preventing hospital-acquired infection. This review highlights the importance of establishing guidelines for the evaluation of oral status in ICU patients and summarizes data that may be useful for future studies. Further studies on maintaining good oral hygiene among ICU patients are needed.

Biomedical Courses Should Also Be Designed for Dental Students: The Perceptions of Dental Students.

Introduction: It can be challenging integrating biomedical sciences into dentistry programs. The aim was to examine students’ perceptions of how joint biomedical courses with medical students and courses tailored for dental students supported their clinical studies. Materials and methods: The target group was clinical phase dental students. Cross-sectional survey data were collected using a questionnaire, which consisted of questions covering biomedical and clinical study content and learning methods. Results: A total of 110 (82%) students completed the survey. Students had difficulty recognising the relevance of joint biomedical courses for clinical work, but when the link was clear, their interest in the content increased. The closer the respondents were to graduation, the less relevance they expressed the biomedical sciences had. Almost all students (95%) wanted more dental content for the early study years. Discussion: The student perspective provides valuable information for the development of biomedical courses. Students should be offered customised courses that include dental content and perspectives on clinical work, whenever suitable to the didactic content of the basic science course. Our study shows that the dental perspective needs greater integration with the biomedical content. This also supports interprofessional learning and appreciation for the other field’s contribution to human health.

Mounting Pressure of Periodontitis.

Mounting Pressure of Periodontitis.

Plant-based milks: the dental perspective

Background Consumption of plant-based milk in the UK is increasing at the expense of cow's milk. Cow's milk consumption has traditionally been advocated by the dental profession as 'good for teeth'. Aims To identify the range of plant-based milks available in the UK and compare their nutritional benefits with cow's milk. A secondary aim was to explore reasons behind the increase in popularity of plant-based milks and discuss dental relevance. Methods Branded plant-based milks available in UK supermarkets were identified and nutritional data collected. Data were obtained from product labelling and manufacturer websites. The sample was collected in December 2019. Results Eighty-two products were identified. Differences were observed between plant-based and cow's milk, in particular regarding calcium, iodine, vitamin B12 and sugar content. Sugar content varied from 0-7.6 g/100 ml. Conclusions Dairy is a key source of dietary iodine and many plant-based milks contain much lower levels. Many plant-based milks contain free sugars which are cariogenic. Dentists should be aware of this emerging market and be able to advise patients accordingly.

Evidence mapping and quality analysis of published dental literature on COVID-19 - A systematic review.

A large number of scientific articles have been published regarding impact of COVID-19 infection on dental practice, dental professionals, and the mode of spread of infection via dental procedures. The present systematic review was planned with an aim of evidence mapping and quality analysis of published research on the dental aspects of COVID-19 infection. The protocol was registered at https://share.osf.io/registration/46221-C87-BA8. The search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases till 15th July 2020. There was no restriction of year of publication and language. All types of published articles related to Dentistry, Dentist, Dental practice, and Oral health education on COVID-19 were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used for the risk of bias analysis of included studies. A total of 393 articles were short-listed and were checked for eligibility and finally, 380 articles were included. Among the 380 research articles published (till July 15, 2020), the majority of the included articles belonged to the lowermost strata of the evidence pyramid. There were 54 original research articles with no randomized clinical trial, systematic review or, meta-analysis pertaining to the dental perspective of COVID-19 infection. The level of available evidence about dentistry and COVID-19 infection is very low with a lack of researches of highest quality. The guidelines/recommendations for dental professionals, proposed by the different scientific organizations/societies regarding COVID-19 infection are only consensus-based necessitating the need to formulate evidence-based guidelines. There is a need to identify essential research questions and strengthen the study designs in most of the aspects related to the dentistry and COVID-19 pandemic.

Saliva and COVID 19: Current dental perspective.

Oral health care providers are at a higher risk of being infected by novel coronavirus due to close proximity to patient's face and exposure to saliva while working on the patient. Thus, there is an urgent need to interpret the available literature in order to establish safe practices for dental professionals as well as limit the spread of infection through saliva. The study intends to provide up-to-date, compiled evidence-based information related to saliva and its association with COVID-19. It further provides suggestions for safe practices in dentistry in current pandemic times. Oral symptoms may be strongly suggestive of early diagnosis and disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Viral loads in saliva are reported higher than standard nasopharyngeal swabs in few studies, majorly in the 1st week of symptom onset. Besides, salivary diagnostics has many additional advantages of being noninvasive, comfortable to the patients with the possibility of point-of-care testing for diagnosing COVID-19. High-efficiency particulate arrestor filter, rubber dam application and high-volume evacuator can reduce spatter and droplets/aerosol production. Povidone-iodine-based mouthwash maybe mouthwash of choice before any dental examination or procedures due to its ability to decrease severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus 2 viral loads in the mouth. Salivary diagnostics related to COVID-19 should be integral part of dental teaching programs. There is a tremendous scope to study saliva in health and diseases.

The Subsistence and Foodways Transition during the Neolithization Process. Glimpses from a Contextualized Dental Perspective

Les pathologies dentaires constituent un aspect important de la discussion sur la subsistance et les comportements alimentaires, notamment au moment de transitions alimentaires radicales. A la veille du processus de neolithisation au Levant, la periode natoufienne (13000-9500 cal. BC) temoigne d’un nouveau mode d’approvisionnement associe a une diminution de la mobilite des groupes. De nouvelles denrees alimentaires apparaissent avec la production de plantes et l’elevage tout au long du Neolithique ancien (9500-6400 cal. BC). Cet article decrit les pathologies buccales specifiques et non specifiques liees a l’alimentation (lesions carieuses, pertes antemortem, abces, resorptions alveolaires) et les indicateurs de stress tels que l’hypoplasie lineaire de l’email dentaire chez les populations du Natoufien et du Neolithique a partir d’un vaste corpus (plus de 8 600 dents) provenant de corpus bien contextualises et qui ont ete enregistres par les presents auteurs selon les memes procedures. Les donnees quantitatives et qualitatives ont ete analysees pour 24 sites a travers le Levant, attribues a differentes periodes et situes dans differents ecosystemes. Les resultats demontrent une nette augmentation des caries et des maladies associees au cours du processus de neolithisation. Il s’agit d’abord d’un processus graduel qui se met en place des le Natoufien recent/final. Par la suite, le processus lineaire est rompu au 7e millenaire, periode a laquelle de nouveaux comportements alimentaires semblent avoir ete introduits dans la mesure ou un nouveau schema pathologique domine. Ces changements majeurs sont observes dans des contextes mediterraneens ou la ceramique n’est pas encore attestee. Un stress biologique eleve, lie au niveau socio-economique ou aux maladies infectieuses, est demontre en parallele. Au fil du temps, l’alimentation semble de plus en plus sexuee mais moins specifiquement associee aux groupes d’âge.

Prevention of Sports Related Orofacial Injuries- A Review on Dental Perspective

The field of sports dentistry mainly deals with the prevention and management of sports-related to maxillofacial trauma. There are many potential challenges to the oral health of athletes including exercise-induced trauma, dental decay due to specialized diet, lack of awareness, oral dehydration and lack of prioritization for dental care. However, there is good evidence that some oral diseases are preventable by simple interventions with good efficacy. Hence dentists today must respond to these patient's specialized needs, providing them with the quality of care that they deserve. In this review article, we discuss the various preventive aspects of sports-related injuries and the impeccable role of dentist in preventing and managing the sport-related oro-facial injuries.

Mouth Care for Head and Neck Cancer Patients – a Dental Hygienist's Perspective

A proactive approach to the mouth care of head and neck cancer patients, from their initial visit to their discharge, is vitally important. This area of care is complicated by many factors, of which some patients will not be aware when they start their difficult journey. This article is written to give the reader an insight into the dental hygienist's perspective of mouth care before, during and after treatment and then graduating the patient back into primary care. The treatment for each head and neck cancer patient is varied, therefore the process of healing post-surgery and therapy can be complicated. Balancing patient's expectations before and after diagnosis is a difficult task and may be impossible to predict, which makes this area of care complicated and involved for the dental hygienist. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer takes place in hospitals and involves a team of clinicians, including dental hygienists. Once patients treated for such cancers return to general dental practice, it is essential that general dental practitioners (GDPs) and their teams have a clear understanding of how they have been treated and how GDPs and their teams can contribute to the patients' aftercare.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC – A REVIEW WITH A DENTAL PERSPECTIVE

Novel betacoronavirus is a recent threat to the global health. It has been identified as the cause of the outbreak of respiratory illness that originated in the city of Wuhan, China and has spread rapidly to several other countries within a short span of time. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces from an infected person, saliva of infected persons has also shown shedding of live virus. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 can range from mild to severe and can even progress to ARDS and septic shock leading to death. All health care professionals including dental surgeons are at a high risk of acquiring the infection. Dental clinics and hospitals carry a high risk of cross-infection. Aggressive preventive and personal protective measures help in preventing exposure to the infection. Dental professionals should adopt various specific preventive methods and treatment strategies to prevent the spread of the infection in a dental setup.

Plant-based milks: the dental perspective.

Background Consumption of plant-based milk in the UK is increasing at the expense of cow's milk. Cow's milk consumption has traditionally been advocated by the dental profession as 'good for teeth'.Aims To identify the range of plant-based milks available in the UK and compare their nutritional benefits with cow's milk. A secondary aim was to explore reasons behind the increase in popularity of plant-based milks and discuss dental relevance.Methods Branded plant-based milks available in UK supermarkets were identified and nutritional data collected. Data were obtained from product labelling and manufacturer websites. The sample was collected in December 2019.Results Eighty-two products were identified. Differences were observed between plant-based and cow's milk, in particular regarding calcium, iodine, vitamin B12 and sugar content. Sugar content varied from 0-7.6 g/100 ml.Conclusions Dairy is a key source of dietary iodine and many plant-based milks contain much lower levels. Many plant-based milks contain free sugars which are cariogenic. Dentists should be aware of this emerging market and be able to advise patients accordingly.

Relevance and paucity of evidence: a dental perspective on personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has highlighted the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) for health and social care personnel. This is a really important issue for dentistry, where we place great emphasis on infection control and universal precautions, given the nature of care provided. Cochrane have recently updated their review of PPE for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff. It examined evidence on which type of full body PPE and which method of donning (putting on) or doffing (removing) are most effective, while having the least risk of contamination or infection for healthcare workers, as well as which training methods increase compliance with PPE protocols. The objective of this paper is to raise awareness of the above review of PPE, its findings and their relevance to dentistry as outlined in the Cochrane Oral Health website.The available evidence comes from healthcare generally, mostly involving simulation exercises, and is of low or very low certainty. None of the evidence specifically comes from dentistry.The findings in relation to the nature of PPE, methods of donning and doffing, and the importance of training are all of practical relevance to dentistry. Research is critically important to provide evidence for future decision making in support of patients and staff.

Imaging of orofacial pain.

Orofacial pain is a common complaint, with an estimated 75% of cases caused by dental disease, specifically a diseased pulp. A small percentage of orofacial pain cases will require specialist referral most commonly to oral medicine specialists or oral and maxillofacial surgeons from a dental perspective, or otolaryngologists or neurologists from a medical perspective. Following a thorough history and clinical examination, imaging is often required to narrow the differential diagnosis or answer a specific query related to the final diagnosis. A range of imaging modalities can be used to evaluate orofacial pain including dental panoramic tomography (DPT), intraoral radiographs, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine. This paper provides a guideline outlining imaging protocols for categories of facial pain divided into: (a) unilateral odontalgia; (b) unilateral facial pain; (c) combined unilateral odontalgia and facial pain; (d) trigeminal neuralgia; (e) trigeminal neuropathic pain with or without other sensory, autonomic or motor features; (f) temporomandibular joint disorders and associated pain; (g) referred pain and (h) non-specific orofacial pain. Imaging for orofacial pain should be tailored to answer a specific query related to the aetiology of the reported pain. This should result in a specific diagnosis or narrowing of the differential diagnosis as possible causes of orofacial pain are eliminated. Choosing the correct imaging modality and protocol based on the pain category is important for efficient and effective pain diagnosis and management.

Dental perspective on radioactive nuclides in humans living on the premisses of uranium mining facilities

Dental perspective on radioactive nuclides in humans living on the premisses of uranium mining facilities

Dental perspective on radioactive nuclides in humans living on the premisses of uranium mining facilities

Dental perspective on radioactive nuclides in humans living on the premisses of uranium mining facilities

Accuracy of Maternal Reports of Young Children's Dental Disease Status: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Background: Parental reports of their children’s health status is integral to pediatric medical and dental care. Therefore, understanding the accuracy of such reports is vital. Our objectives were to (1) assess the correlation between maternal reports of their children’s indicators of caries experience (subjective assessment) and actual caries status determined by oral examination (objective assessment), and (2) identify potential modifiers of this correlation. Methods: Longitudinal data from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (n = 1429) was used to assess the correlation between maternal reports of the number of missing and filled teeth of children aged 38 months, 54 months, and 5.5 years and clinical oral examinations of decayed, missing and filled teeth conducted when the same children were 31, 43 months, and five years of age. Homogeneity chi-square tests assessed differences in correlations according to sociodemographic factors. Results: Overall, we found a statistically significant correlation that was weak to moderate in magnitude. Maternal reports of missing teeth at 38 months was significantly correlated with decayed teeth, 0.27 (p < 0.001); missing teeth, 0.23 (p < 0.001), and the decayed, missing and filled (dmft) index, 0.35 (p < 0.001) based on oral examination at 31 months. A maternal report of filled teeth at 54 months was significantly correlated with decayed teeth, 0.30 (p < 0.001); filled teeth 0.30 (p < 0.001), and dmft 0.40 (p < 0.001) at 43 months. Mothers tended to underestimate the extent of missing and filled teeth in their children irrespective of the child’s age, but the extent of underestimation was greater among younger children. Maternal age, education level, and whether the child had ever visited a dentist were significant modifiers of subjective and objective caries assessments. Conclusions: From a clinical and dental public health perspective, our findings of a weak to moderate correlation of maternal assessments of their children’s caries experience may be concerning when reporting the burden of dental diseases in large population studies or for surveillance purposes that rely on self-reported measures and must therefore be utilized with caution because of the potential to result in underestimated disease burden.