Dental Laser Research Articles

Femtosecond laser dentistry for precise and efficient cavity preparation in teeth.

High fluence focused femtosecond laser pulses were used to perform fast, high precision and minimally damaging cavity cutting of teeth at room temperature without using any irrigation or cooling system. The optimal ablation rates were established for both enamel and dentin, and the surfaces were assessed with optical and scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and optical profilometry. No chemical change in the composition of enamel and dentin was observed. We explored temperature variations inside the dental pulp during the laser procedure and showed the maximum increase was 5.5°C, within the acceptable limit of temperature increase during conventional dental treatments.

Diode Lasers in Dentistry: Current and Emerging Applications

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to describe basic diode laser physics and to delineate the application of diode lasers in dentistry. REVIEW: Over the past few decades lasers have become a popular alternative to conventional methods owing to the advantages they carry such as decreased cellular destruction and tissue swelling, minimal bleeding, enhanced visualization of surgical sites and reduced requirement for suturing. Among the various lasers in dentistry, diode lasers are currently the most commonly used, with applications extending from soft tissue procedures to photo-activated disinfection of periodontal pockets, endodontics and laser-assisted tooth whitening. With its versatility and numerous benefits, small size, ease of operation and, relative and cost-effectiveness when compared to other lasers, the diode laser is proving itself as a valuable addition to dental setups. CONCLUSION: The diode laser provides a relatively pain-free minimally invasive technique for removal of soft tissue lesions such as exophytic lesions and operculum, gingival depigmentation, implant exposure, biostimulation, canal disinfection in endodontics and teeth whitening.

Dental Pulp Response to Tooth Cutting with Dental Lasers

Dental Pulp Response to Tooth Cutting with Dental Lasers

Impact of Laser Therapy on Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases.

Objective: In the last few decades, lasers in dentistry have encompassed all branches in dentistry, with more focus in periodontology. In recent years, the use of lasers against periodontitis and peri-implantitis has undergone a decisive development that has involved various operational areas. The broadest applications were probably found in the clinical approach to soft tissues. Methods: Laser therapy is a novel technique that may provide further beneficial effects to conventional periodontal and peri-implant therapies. However, clinical evidence for the improvement of periodontal wound healing and tissue regeneration through laser treatment is still limited. Results: This review is aimed at assessing the advantages and disadvantages of the use of lasers in dental procedures and pathologies, focusing more on protocols for the management of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Conclusions: The adjuvant action of laser therapy, in addition to conventional therapies for the management of periodontal and peri-implant disease, could induce benefits, but further investigation would be necessary to standardize better the protocols applied and to understand the actual tissue response to laser therapy.

Laser in Dentistry During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Brief Review of Literature

The novel coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) induced a pandemic influencing several countries worldwide; it has also caused serious concerns in dentistry due to its routes of transmission. As compared to the beginning of dental operations, the total microbial load suspended in the air rises more than three times during dental procedures due to the aerosols contained in the saliva, blood, organic tooth particles, bacteria, or viruses. Various types of dental lasers are recognized to be already produced and used in the treatment of hard and soft dental and oral tissues. One of the benefits of the dental laser is its ability to decontaminate surfaces and destroy germs. Dental lasers produce substantially less aerosols and droplets in comparison to high-speed dental headpieces and ultrasonic devices. Therefore, it is beneficial to indicate its influence in reducing the COVID-19 contamination risk, especially in dentistry.

Diode Laser Management of Cheek Cavernous Hemangioma in Dental Office.

Due to high energy content and specific characteristics of dental laser light, this kind of procedure optimizes the outcome on oral cavernous hemangioma removal, diminishing the risks, and complications. Management of a very rare internal cheek cavernous hemangioma presenting a high risk of injury in a patient with chronic acenocoumarol medication and high blood pressure, can be accomplished using diode 810nm laser, in the dental office with predictable results. Protocol complied diode laser, with specific fiber tip, specific power, and operation mode, for 1 minute/1 cm 2 irradiated area. Intervention sequences were repeated until complete disappearance. Laser procedure withdrew the lesion rapidly, completely. It has a lot of advantages that recommends it as a removal procedure before prosthetic treatment.

In-vivo effects of Green laser radiation on hematological parameters of albino rats using direct exposure methods.

Laser beam has a thermal effect on the exposed body through oscillation of molecules. Rate of the vibrations depend on the time of exposure, intensity of the laser beam, the quantity of the absorbed dose, and the laser wavelength. Impacts of green laser beam on the hematological parameters of Albino Rats investigated in an in-vivo irradiation process. Green laser (200mW, 532nm) was used as a source of non-ionizing radiation to irradiate albino rats, the exposure carried out to heart position (in-vivo) of the rats directly. Fifteen female rats participated. Main blood components: white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelet (PLT) counts were evaluated using a direct exposure method for low and high radiation doses. High doses of laser beam affected the WBCs and PLTs significantly (P-value < 0.05), and the low doses were not significant (P-value > 0.05). Laser beam radiation affected on the main blood components at a limited time of exposure. Optimum radiation doses that had high effectiveness on blood component density depended on the type of blood components. As well as, high impacts (high significant) were on the density of PLT not RBCs. References FARHAD H M, JAAFAR M S, ISMAIL A H.( 2011). Control Light Delivery in PDT by Taking Account the Optical Properties of Hair Density on the Skin Surface. Journal of Modern Applied Science. 2 p.325-331. HUDA K.M., (2017). The effects of laser radiation on viscosity (PCV) of blood. Pak.J.Biotechnol . Vol.14, No.3 , pp.477-479. ISMAIL A. H., AND ABDULLA K. N., (2021). Biochemical and hematological study of the effects of annual exposure radiation doses on the operators of X-ray and CT-scan in some Erbil hospitals. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol.184, 109466 KUTSCH, V. K. (1993). Laser in Dentistry. Jour. Amer. Dent. Asso. 124: 49-54. MARKOLF, H. N. (1996). Laser Tissue Interaction. Heidelberg, Germany. MUSTAFA S. AL MUSAWI, M. S. JAAFAR, B. AL-GAILANI, NASER M. AHMED, FATANAH M. SUHAIMI & NURSAKINAH SUARDI ,Lasers in Medical Science volume 32, pages405–411(2017). MUSTAFA S.A., JAFAAR M.S., NASER M. A., AL-GAILANY B.T., FATANAH M. S., 2016. Effects of low power violet laser irradiation on red blood cells volume and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in human blood, Journal of physics; conference series, Vol.1875, 020005-1-020005-7. RAAD SH. ALNAYLI A., ZAHRAA S. S., FAID SH. H., HADEEL H. S. (2017).The Effect of LASER on Blood Viscosity and Its Influential Relation on the Rapidity of Red Blood Cells Precipitation . American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, 19(1) pp.69- 74. SITI SAKINA M. F., SUARDI N., MUSTAFA I. S., (2018). In vitro UV-visible spectroscopy study of yellow laser irradiation on human blood. Journal of physics; conference series, Vol.995, 012053. THAIHAMMER.S, LAHR. A, CLEMENT, SENGEWALD. A, HESKL. W. M, BURGEMEISTER. R, AND SCHUTZE (2003) “Laser Micro tool in Cell Biology Medicine” laser physics ,13,5. VANENKO, M. & HERING, P. (1998). Hard Tissue Ablation with Mechanically Q – Switched CO2 Laser. SPIE Proc. 3565:110 – 115. XU Q, MING Z, DART AM, DU XJVAN PELT LF. (2007). Optimizing dosage of ketamine and xylazine in murine echocardiography. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 4(5-6):499-507. ZAHRA AL- TIMIMI (2014). Investigating the Effects of Green Laser Irradiation on Red Blood Cells: Green Laser Blood Therapy. Int.Jou. of Applied Research and Studies.Vol.3, Issue 10,pp.1-5.

Dental LASERs - Introduction and Implications in Dentistry: A Review Article

Advancements in equipment technology has been one of the biggest revolutions of modern dentistry. One such equipment technology introduced in modern dentistry is LASER or “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.” LASERs were introduced in dentistry way back in 1960 by Miaman. He also explained both hard and soft tissue applications of LASERs. Some of the hard tissue applications include caries prevention, bleaching, cavity preparation etc. Soft tissue applications include wound healing, removal of hyperplastic tissue etc. Dental LASERs might cost a fortune but it’s an effective tool to increase the efficiency, ease and comfort of the dental treatment. Keywords: LASERs, Dentistry, Dental Caries, Diagnosis, Management.

Application of dental lasers in bone surgery

Application of dental lasers in bone surgery

The Effectiveness of Lasers in Treatment of Oral Mucocele in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review.

The mucocele is the most common minor salivary gland associated disease of the oral cavity. It is also considered one of the most common biopsied oral lesions in pediatric patients. In recent years, extensive evidence has been published about the usage of lasers in treating mucoceles in pediatric patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of laser irradiation in the treatment of pediatric mucocele. An electronic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) was carried out in order to identify all relevant articles using a combination of the following keywords: “Pediatric”, “Oral”, “Mucocele”, “Dental”, “Oral Medicine”, “Soft Dental Lasers”, “Hard Dental Lasers”, and “Lasers,” for all case reports, case series, case-control and cohort studies published from 2007 to 2021. After limiting the search results, removing duplicate titles, and eligibility evaluation, 17 papers were enrolled in the study. Out of the total studies included, 10 articles were related to the diode (635 nm, 808 nm, 810 nm, and 980 nm), 5 to CO2 (10,600 nm), 3 to Er, Cr: YSGG (2780 nm), and 1 involving KTP lasers (532 nm). All studies indicated successful clinical results on mucocele excision with better intra- and post-operative indicators. The general characteristics and outcomes were summarized, and the quality of the studies was assessed using CARE guidelines in this systematic review. The reduction or absence of pain and bleeding, hemostasis, reduced operating time, minimal analgesic consumption, and an antibacterial effect were among the advantages of laser irradiation in the included studies. The laser has proven itself to play an effective role in the treatment of oral mucocele in paediatric patients.

Educational Needs of Dental Laser as Perceived by Dental Graduates of Kashmir: A Survey of Knowledge and Skill Requirements

Educational Needs of Dental Laser as Perceived by Dental Graduates of Kashmir: A Survey of Knowledge and Skill Requirements

Utility of lasers in orthodontics

Lasers have increased the treatment efficacy by many folds in the field of dentistry. Incorporating lasers in the orthodontic treatment leads to better patient as well as operator’s comfort. First developed almost a century ago, lasers were instigated in dental practice in 1989. The motive of this review paper is to discuss the utility of dental lasers in the speciality of Orthodontics.

The Use of Modern Technologies by Dentists in Poland: Questionnaire among Polish Dentists.

Background: From one year to another, dentists have access to more procedures using modern techniques. Many of them can improve the effectiveness of dental procedures and frequently facilitate and accelerate them. Objectives: Technically advanced devices are an important part of modern dentistry. Over the years, there were developed technologies like ultrasounds, lasers, air abrasion, ozonotherapy, caries diagnostic methods, chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR), pulp vitality tests, computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of Polish dentists for such technologies. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was posted on a social media group of dentists from Poland. 187 responses were obtained. Results: It turned out that almost every respondent uses ultrasounds, but other technologies are not as popular. 43% use CCLAD, 33% use diagnostic methods, 28% use air abrasion, 25% use dental lasers, 21% use CMCR, 18% use pulp vitality tests and 6% use ozonotherapy. The most common reason for not using the aforementioned technologies were their high cost and the sufficient effectiveness of raditional methods. There was a correlation between use of a dental laser and CCLAD and size of office, CMCR use and dentists’ work time and air abrasion use and gender. Many dentists claim that they will try one of the modern technologies in the future. Conclusions: It can be concluded that Polish dentists tend to use ultrasounds and CCLAD more than any other technology. In the future this may change, so more studies in this topic are needed.

The influence of delivery power losses and full operating parametry on the effectiveness of diode visible-near infra-red (445-1064nm) laser therapy in dentistry-a multi-centre investigation.

The development of protocols for laser-assisted therapy demands strict compliance with comprehensive operating parametry. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the accuracy of correlation between laser control panel and fibre emission power values in a selection of diode dental lasers. Through retrospective analysis using successive systematic review and meta-analysis, it is clear that there is inconsistency in the details, and possible inaccuracies in laser power applied and associated computed data. Through a multi-centre investigation, 38 semi-conductor ("diode") dental laser units were chosen, with emission wavelengths ranging from 445 to 1064nm. Each unit had been recently serviced according to manufacturer's recommendations, and delivery fibre assembly checked for patency and correct alignment with the parent laser unit. Subject to the output capacity of each laser, four average power values were chosen using the laser control panel-100 mW, 500 mW, 1.0W, and 2.0W. Using a calibrated power meter, the post-fibre emission power value was measured, and a percentage power loss calculated. For each emission, a series of six measurements were made and analysed to investigate sources of power losses along the delivery fibre, and to evaluate the precision of power loss determinations. Statistical analysis of a dataset comprising % deviations from power setting levels was performed using a factorial ANOVA model, and this demonstrated very highly significant differences between devices tested and emission power levels applied (p < 10-142 and < 10-52 respectively). The devices × emission power interaction effect was also markedly significant (p < 10-66), and this confirmed that differences observed in these deviations for each prior power setting parameter were dependent on the device employed for delivery. Power losses were found to be negatively related to power settings applied. Significant differences have emerged to recommend the need to standardize a minimum set of parameters that should form the basis of comparative research into laser-tissue interactions, both in vitro and in vivo.

Application of lasers in dentistry: a bibliometric study of the top 100 most-cited papers.

This bibliometric study analyzed the 100 most-cited papers about the use of lasers and their modalities in dentistry. A search strategy was created using specific keywords related to the topic. A comprehensive search was then conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) database up to July 2021. Papers that addressed the application of any type of laser and its modalities in dentistry were included. Each paper was cross-matched with the number of citations on Scopus and Google Scholar. The following data were extracted from papers: title, number of citations, authorship, country, year of publication, journal, study design, subject, laser type, and oral health outcomes. The VOSviewer software was used to generate bibliometric networks. The total number of citations ranged from 120 to 4,124 and 23 papers received more than 200 citations. Papers were published from 1964 to 2015. Most papers were from Europe (42%) and Anglo-Saxon America (27%). The USA was the country with more top 100 papers (25%). Papers were published mainly in Lasers in Surgery and Medicine (15%) and Lasers in Medical Science (7%). VOSviewer maps demonstrated the existence of national and international research collaborations among institutions and authors. Most studies had a laboratory design (57%) and were about restorative dentistry (32%) and periodontics (21%). This bibliometric study of the top 100 most-cited papers on lasers in dentistry allowed a quantitative and qualitative analysis of this very promising research field, revealing a net of collaboration and the importance of this topic in dentistry.

Laser—An Emerging Tool in Surgical Periodontal Therapy: An Overview

The use of lasers in dentistry, particularly in periodontics and peri-implant diseases, is becoming increasingly common nowadays.Since their introduction in the late 20th century, they have revolutionized the treatment options available for the management of periodontal disease. They allow the clinician to reach inside the deeper pockets and help in reducing the bacterial load. They offer various advantages and have variations according to their clinical use.This review presents an overview of their applications in periodontics.

Comparison of oral mucosal biopsies done using scalpel and diode lasers: A vivo study

Background:As dental lasers are becoming more popular in the branch of oral medicine for its various advantages and applications, this study was carried out to evaluate better mode of obtaining oral biopsies which is a common and inevitable procedure for providing final diagnosis in majority of conditions.Methodology:In this study, a total of 60 patients who required biopsy for final diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions as part of diagnosis in department of Oral Medicine were selected, out of which 30 were subjected to scalpel biopsies and 30 patients were subjected to diode laser biopsies. A 980 nm Zolar plus diode laser was used for the study. Out of 30 patients who were subjected to laser biopsies, 3W continuous mode settings were used for 15 patients and 3W pulsed mode was used for 15 patients. The specimens were sent to Department of Oral Pathology for histopathological evaluation to provide the final diagnosis. The time taken for each patient, volume of local anesthesia, during operative, postoperative pain scale, and co-relation of provisional and final diagnosis was noted for comparison purpose and the pathologist comments, peripheral tissue damage and artifact's for each slide were noted.Results:The study results showed the postoperative pain was comparatively less in diodlaser than scalpel, the lasers were patient friendly as the heammorage was negligible when compared to scalpel and suturing was not required. The pulsed mode in diode laser was advantageous over continuous mode when amount of thermal damage and postoperative pain score was compared.Conclusion:The results showed that oral biopsies can be made better using diode lasers, by having thorough knowledge on the device.

Dental Lasers in Digital Dentistry: Developments in Diagnosis and Treatment

Dental Lasers in Digital Dentistry: Developments in Diagnosis and Treatment

Immediate effect of Nd:YAG laser monotherapy on subgingival periodontal pathogens: a pilot clinical study.

PurposeThis pilot study assessed the immediate in vivo effect of high peak pulse power neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser monotherapy on selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens in deep human periodontal pockets.MethodsTwelve adults with severe periodontitis were treated with the Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (LANAP®) surgical protocol, wherein a free-running, digitally pulsed, Nd:YAG dental laser was used as the initial therapeutic step before mechanical root debridement. Using a flexible optical fiber in a handpiece, Nd:YAG laser energy, at a density of 196 J/cm2 and a high peak pulse power of 1,333 W/pulse, was directed parallel to untreated tooth root surfaces in sequential coronal-apical passes to clinical periodontal probing depths, for a total applied energy dose of approximately 8–12 joules per millimeter of periodontal probing depth at each periodontal site. Subgingival biofilm specimens were collected from each patient before and immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy from periodontal pockets exhibiting ≥6 mm probing depths and bleeding on probing. Selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Campylobacter species) were quantified in the subgingival samples using established anaerobic culture techniques.ResultsAll immediate post-treatment subgingival biofilm specimens continued to yield microbial growth after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy. The mean levels of total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogens per patient significantly decreased from 12.0% pre-treatment to 4.9% (a 59.2% decrease) immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, with 3 (25%) patients rendered culture-negative for all evaluated red/orange complex periodontal pathogens.ConclusionsHigh peak pulse power Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, used as the initial step in the LANAP® surgical protocol on mature subgingival biofilms, immediately induced significant reductions of nearly 60% in the mean total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogen proportions per patient prior to mechanical root instrumentation and the rest of the LANAP® surgical protocol.

Determination Of the Knowledge Awareness and The Application of Dental Lasers Among the Dental Graduates - A Questionnaire Based Study

Determination Of the Knowledge Awareness and The Application of Dental Lasers Among the Dental Graduates - A Questionnaire Based Study