Dental Implant Treatment Research Articles

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: A Web-Based Implant Failure and Peri-implantitis Prediction Model for Clinicians.

To develop a machine learning model that can predict dental implant failure and peri-implantitis as a tool for maximizing implant success. This study used a supervised learning model to retrospectively analyze 398 unique patients receiving a total of 942 dental implants presenting at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center from 2006 to 2013. Logistic regression, random forest classifiers, support vector machines, and ensemble techniques were employed to analyze this dataset. The random forest model possessed the highest predictive performance on test sets, with receiver operating characteristic area under curves (ROC AUC) of 0.872 and 0.840 for dental implant failures and peri-implantitis, respectively. The five most important features correlating with implant failure were amount of local anesthetic, implant length, implant diameter, use of preoperative antibiotics, and frequency of hygiene visits. The five most important features correlating with peri-implantitis were implant length, implant diameter, use of preoperative antibiotics, frequency of hygiene visits, and presence of diabetes mellitus. This study demonstrated the ability of machine learning models to assess demographics, medical history, and surgical plans, as well as the influence of these factors on dental implant failure and peri-implantitis. This model may serve as a resource for clinicians in the treatment of dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2023;38:576-582. doi: 10.11607/jomi.9852.

Role of CBCT in Dental Implant Treatment Plan: A Review

Now a days, people want dental implants to replace the missing teeth. Needless to say, a highly accurate alveolar and implant site measurement technique to avoid damage to adjacent vital structures during surgery is essential. Here comes the role of CBCT imaging as a new diagnostic tool for clinical assessment and treatment planning for dental implant practice. Using CBCT scanners, we can visualize the height and width of the available bone for implant placement, root anatomy of adjacent teeth, the exact location of the maxillary sinuses, mandibular canal, mental foramen and incisive canal.

Evaluation of Chronological Change of Body and Oral Function after Dental Im plant Treatment

To clarify the effects of dental implant treatment on oral and physical function, chronological change between before and after treatment for six years was investigated in this study. In particular, the relationship between age at first visit and changes after treatment was focused. Eighty-two subjects who had four occlusal support areas restored by dental implant treatment. Four examinations were performed at baseline and during the follow-up periods. The test items were gum masticatory performance assessment, hand grip strength, and body component. To evaluate the effect of intervention with dental implant treatment, Friedman’s and post-hoc tests were used. Hand grip strength and mastication performance were significantly maintained during follow-up period in under and over 65 years. In over 65 years, a few items were significantly lower than at baseline. No significant difference was observed about skeletal muscle mass（%）, fat mass（%）, fat-free mas（%）, and leg（%）in under and over 65 years. These results indicated that hand grip strength and mastication performance were improved over a long period after dental implant treatment. It was speculated that the improvement in hand grip strength was associated with the recovery of systemic functions, especially in under 65 years old group.

Association of Patient Anthropometric Measurements and Dental Implant Treatment.

Dental implants are currently one of the most preferred treatment modalities for replacing missing teeth, as they are the most comparable to natural teeth. Even so, satisfaction with such treatment may differ depending on patient nature. The aim of this article was to examine the relationships between different anthropometric measurements on dental implant patient's satisfaction. Self-administered questionnaire (structured questions) were given to patients who had dental implant treatment to evaluate their satisfaction level with dental-implant treatment. Different anthropometric measurements were taken: body height; weight; body mass index (BMI); body composition; waist/hip ratio; and circumferences at the waist, hip, and neck. The overall BMI was 28.9±4.7 kg/m2, there was a highly-significant difference in patient satisfaction among the different BMI groups (P< 0.000). The significant difference in most of those groups was between the obese group and the other groups. For neck circumference and waist/hip ratio, a significance difference between the normal weight and obese groups (P< 0.000) was found, while for percentage of muscle, the differences were between the overweight and obese groups (P< 0.000). According to BMI groups a highly significant difference in many patient satisfaction domains were found (P< 0.000). These significant differences were between the obese group and non-obese groups for most aspects of patient satisfaction. For patient satisfaction with final appearance, the normal BMI group differed significantly from the overweight BMI group (P=0.013). Additionally, for patient satisfaction with dentist performance and communication, the overweight BMI group showed significantly higher satisfaction than the normal BMI group (P=0.019). Body measurements were correlated negatively with overall patient satisfaction, and positively with satisfaction with prosthesis. The obese group patients had the lowest rate of patient satisfaction. BMI and other body measurements can be used to predict patient satisfaction with the outcome of dental implant treatment.

Dental Implant Treatment in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: A Literature Review

Although the spectrum of indications for implant placement has widened, a consensus on the benefits and disadvantages of dental implant treatment in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate of implants placed in patients with OLP through a literature review. Literature published up to 2022 was searched from the database of PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus, and a total of thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Seven studies were case reports, and the remaining six were retrospective and prospective studies with three case-control reports. Most of the reports showed that the implant survival rate and complications, including peri-implant mucositis and peri- implantitis, in patients with OLP appeared similar to those found in healthy control patients. However, uncontrolled or active OLP was associated with implant failure. Few cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were reported in patients with OLP. Within the limitations of this review, dental implants could be considered for patients with OLP under adequate control of mucosal conditions.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Outcomes for Adjunctive Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatment of Dental Implants With Peri-Implantitis.

The present systematic review evaluated the efficacy of adjunctive therapies in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Studies comparing the outcome of conventional surgical- or nonsurgical mechanical debridement with the addition of an adjunctive therapeutic modality were identified through an electronic and hand search of available literature. Following data extraction, meta-analyses were performed on the primary outcome measures. The effects of the adjunctive therapies on bleeding on probing (13 studies), probing pocket depth (9 studies), and radiographic bone level changes (7 studies) were analyzed to evaluate potential clinical benefit. Heterogeneity was expressed as the I2 index. Fixed and random effect models were demonstrated. The potential benefit of adjunctive therapies over control procedures was evaluated in 18 studies, representing a total of 773 implants. Quality assessment of the studies found only 3 studies to be at a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis among the different additional modalities revealed chemical therapy demonstrating significant effects in probing pocket depth reduction (0.58 mm; 0.44-0.72) and radiographic bone level gain (0.54 mm; 0.16-0.92). No significant improvements in bleeding on probing reduction were found using any adjunctive therapy. Available evidence on the benefits of adjunctive therapy to nonsurgical or surgical mechanical debridement in the treatment of peri-implantitis is limited by low numbers of standardized, controlled studies for individual therapies, heterogeneity between studies, and a variety of outcome measures. The lack of effect of any adjunctive therapy in reducing bleeding on probing questions the overall effectiveness over conventional treatment. The long-term clinical benefit potential of these therapies is not demonstrated.

Influence of antibacterial surface treatment on dental implants on cell viability: A systematic review

There is no consensus in the literature about the best non-cytotoxic antibacterial surface treatment for dental implants. Critically evaluate the existing literature and answer the question: “which surface treatment for dental implants made of titanium and its alloys has the greatest non-cytotoxic antibacterial activity for osteoblastic cells?” This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/8fq6p) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. The search strategy was applied to four databases. Articles were selected that evaluated in both studies the properties of 1) antibacterial activity and 2) cytotoxicity on osteoblastic cells of titanium and their alloy dental implants when treated superficially. Systematic reviews, book chapters, observational studies, case reports, articles that studied non-dental implants, and articles that evaluated only the development of surface treatment were excluded. The Joanna Briggs Institute, a quasi-experimental study assessment tool, was adapted to assess the risk of bias. The search strategy found 1178 articles in the databases after removing duplicates in EndNote Web, resulting in 1011 articles to be evaluated by title and abstract, of which 21 were selected for full reading, of which 12 were included by eligibility criteria, and nine were excluded. Quantitative synthesis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of the data (surface treatment, antibacterial assay, bacteria strain, cell viability assay, and cell type). Risk of bias assessment showed that ten studies were classified as low risk and two studies as moderate risk. The evaluated literature allowed us to conclude that: 1) The literature surveyed did not allow answering the question due to the heterogeneity of the studies; 2) Ten of the 12 studies evaluated presented surface treatments with non-cytotoxic antibacterial activity; 3) Adding nanomaterials, QPEI, BG, and CS, reduce the chances of bacterial resistance by controlling their adhesion by electrical forces.

The distance between maxillary second molar and the base of the maxillary sinus by aging using CT scan

The alveolar process of the maxilla forms the maxillary sinus floor. If the sinus is of an average size, it is on a level with the floor of the nose; if the sinus is large, it reaches below this level. Projecting into the floor of the antrum are several conical processes, corresponding to the roots of the first and second molar teeth; in some cases, the fangs of the teeth perforate the floor .The close anatomical relationship of the maxillary sinus with the roots of maxillary molars and premolars renders this anatomical region susceptible to morbid situations resulting from damage to, and therapeutic intervention in the dentoalveolar environment. Knowledge of the relationship between the root apex and the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus is crucial for diagnosis and treating a sinus pathosis as well as in assisting dental implantation, endodontic procedures and orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to estimate different distances between the maxillary sinus base and the root apices of maxillary second molars measured on computed tomography (CT) to determine the differences through aging. Sixty patients attending the radiology center of AL-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in AL-Kut city for any maxillofacial complaints were selected in this study according to special criteria. The samples were divided into four equal groups according to their age. Lines were drawn on the sagittal reconstructed images between the deepest point of the maxillary sinus floor and the root apices of the maxillary second molar and the distances were measured using built-in measurement tools for right and left sides of these four groups. Results of this study found that there was no significant difference in the distance between apices of maxillary second molar roots and the floor of maxillary sinus in the four age groups and there was no significant differences between the right and left sides of the 2nd molar roots apices and their relations to the floor of the maxillary sinus in these groups except in P roots of 50 age group the distance in right side was larger than in the left side.

Barriers Related to Dental Implant Treatment Acceptance by Patients.

Dental implants present a viable treatment option for the replacement of partial and full edentulism. Since their initial creation in the 1960s, implants have proceeded to become popular among both patients and dental practitioners due to their high success and survival rates. Despite the promising results, there remains some patient hesitation toward the acceptance of implant treatment. This hesitance mainly stems from four key factors that have greatly influenced patient decision-making: financial barriers, awareness and cultural sensitivity issues, treatment timespan, and the varying possible complications. Financial barriers generally arise from the lack of insurance benefits for the surgical aspect of treatment and the differing socioeconomic statuses of the patient population. Though dental implants have become more widespread, public knowledge of the matter is still insufficient. Patients may have altered conceptions of the procedure due to insufficiently credible information sources. In addition, dental practitioners need to consider the cultural restrictions that may be existent for some patients. The long timespan of the dental implant treatment, including healing time, may result in some patients opting for fixed or removable prostheses, which have comparatively shorter treatment spans. Biomechanical overload, infection, and inflammation are varying types of complications that alter osseointegration, ultimately leading to many complications, such as peri-implantitis. These universal barriers may hinder patient acceptance of implant treatment. However, as dental health care professionals, it is important to understand this hesitance and help mitigate these obstacles through patient education and continual reassurance and support.

What do TikTok videos offer us about dental implants treatment?

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality, source, popularity, visibility and reliability of Tiktok videos on dental implants. Materials and MethodsA Tiktok search for dental implants was performed English language setting. Search hashtags were determined as “#dentalimplants,” “#dentalimplantsurgery,” “#dentalimplantstreatment,” and “#implantdentistry.” 148 of the 300 videos watched were included the study. Two periodontologists scored the videos for quality, reliability, utility, visibility and popularity. Videos' quality was evaluated using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the DISCERN tools, by categorizing them through quality of communication, duration, likes and dislikes, views, source and video type of each video were recorded. ResultsThere was significant positive correlation between “GQS” and “Total DISCERN” (Rho: 0.636) and “Duration in seconds” (Rho: 0.343) (p<0.05). For Total DISCERN, averages of the 31-45 seconds (p=0.010) and 46 seconds and above (p=.018) groups were higher than the averages of the 0-15 seconds group and average of the Educational group was higher than the average of the Testimonial, Product Advertisement and Entertainment groups (p=0.001, p=0.033 and p=0.041). Healthcare professionals mostly upload GQS 2 score videos and Hospital/Universities mostly upload GQS 2 and 3 score videos (p<0.05). Testimonial videos mostly receive GQS2 score videos and the 'Videos rich in supplementary visuals' quality also receives the most GQS4 score videos (p<0.05). ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate that TikTok videos provide low to moderate quality information about dental implants and that TikTok may not provide reliable information about dental implants.

Assessing the Efficacy of Whole-Body Titanium Dental Implant Surface Modifications in Inducing Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenesis in Human Adipose Tissue Stem Cells.

Although the influence of titanium implants' micro-surface properties on titanium discs has been extensively investigated, the research has not taken into consideration their whole-body effect, which may be considered possible using a combinatorial approach. Five titanium dental implants with a similar moderate roughness and different surface textures were thoroughly characterized. The cell adhesion and proliferation were assessed after adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded on whole-body implants. The implants' inductive properties were assessed by evaluating the osteoblastic gene expression. The surface micro-topography was analyzed, showing that hydroxyapatite (HA)-blasted and bland acid etching implants had the highest roughness and a lower number of surface particles. Cell adhesion was observed after 24 h on all the implants, with the highest score registered for the HA-blasted and bland acid etching implants. Cell proliferation was observed only on the laser-treated and double-acid-etched surfaces. The ADSCs expressed collagen type I, osteonectin, and alkaline phosphatase on all the implant surfaces, with high levels on the HA-treated surfaces, which also triggered osteocalcin expression on day seven. The findings of this study show that the morphology and treatment of whole titanium dental implants, primarily HA-treated and bland acid etching implants, impact the adherence and activity of ADSCs in osteogenic differentiation in the absence of specific osteo-inductive signals.

Dental Implant Treatment in Patients Suffering from Oral Lichen Planus: A Narrative Review.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the complications and survival rates of dental implants placed in patients suffering from oral lichen planus (OLP) and to present recommendations for implant treatment in this group of patients through a narrative review of the published studies. Methods: A search of the literature was conducted using four databases: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus with a stop date of May 2022. Results: Eighteen studies were evaluated. The results showed that dental implant survival rates in patients with OLP were similar to those reported in the general population. Moreover, the existing literature seemed to imply that OLP is not a suspected risk factor for peri-implant diseases. However, patients suffering from erosive forms of OLP or desquamative gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were more susceptible to developing peri-implant diseases; in addition, oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed in a few cases of OLP. Conclusion: With the limitations of this narrative review, dental implants may be regarded as a safe and feasible therapeutic approach to the treatment of patients with well-controlled OLP. These patients should be monitored carefully during follow-up care. Well-designed prospective trials are required to validate the present findings.

Metallothioneins in Dental Implant Treatment Failure and Periodontitis in Patients with Down's Syndrome: Validation of Results.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins that can bind up to seven zinc ions. Among their numerous functions, MTs appear to act as protectors against oxidative and inflammatory injury. In our first published study, we reported downregulation of the isoforms MT1B (fold distance (FD) −2. 95; p = 0.0024), MT1F (FD −1.72; p = 0.0276), MT1X (FD −3.09; p = 0.0021), MT1H (FD −2.39; p = 0.0018), MT1M (FD −2.37; p = 0.0092), MT1L (FD −2. 55; p = 0.0048), MT1E (FD −2.71; p = 0.0014), MT2A (FD −2.35; p = 0.0072), MT1G (FD −2.24; p = 0.0118), and MT1A (FD −2.82; p = 0.0023) by comparing Down’s syndrome patients with periodontal disease and implant failure to those without periodontal disease and with a positive progression of their implants. In this gene validation study, we intended to verify the results of our first gene expression analysis. Materials and Methods: In our retrospective case–control study, we performed retrotranscription (RT-qPCR) of 11 RNA-to-cDNA samples using the SuperScript™ VILO™ kit (50; reference 1,176,605) from Thermo Fisher. We conducted the study using the real-time PCR technique on the q-PCR ViiA 7 platform from Thermo Fisher. We chose the format of the Taqman Array Plate 16 Plus (reference 4,413,261) from Thermo Fisher, which accommodates 12 genes plus four controls (GAPDH, 18S, ACTB, and HPRT1). We conducted the analysis of the plates using the Thermo Fisher Cloud Web Software. Results: The results obtained through gene validation analysis show that in PD+RI+ patients, the genes encoding the isoforms MT1F (FD 0.3; p = 0.039), MT1X (FD 338; p = 0.0078), MT1E (FD 307; p = 0.0358), and MT2A (FD 252; p = 0.0428) continue to show downregulation, whereas MT1B (FD 2.75; p = 0.580), MT1H (FD 281; p = 0.152), MT1L (FD 354; p = 0.0965), and MT1G (FD 336; p = 0.0749) no longer show statistically significant results.

Clinical investigation of the main approaches to exodontics and aesthetic preservation for the dental implant: a concise systematic review

Introduction: In the context of tooth extraction and aesthetic care, steps are needed for tooth extraction. Alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction often leads to situations where the long-term function and esthetic success of dental implant restorations is a challenge. Thus, the Socket shield has been described as an alternative technique to maintain the alveolar ridge in the placement of immediate implants. Objective: Conducted a concise systematic review of key considerations and clinical outcomes of minimally traumatic treatment of tooth extraction and dental implants. Methods: The present study followed a concise systematic review model, following the rules of systematic review – PRISMA. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The present study was carried out from January to March 2022. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 112 articles were found. A total of 47 articles were fully evaluated and 26 were included in this study. The results suggest that the adjunctive use of connective tissue grafting is not mandatory to achieve successful esthetic results for well-planned immediate implant placement with non-functional immediate provisional restoration in a fresh extraction socket. Still, the success/modified success rate, survival, mean resorption of the oral plate, and patient satisfaction, there were no differences between immediate implants placed with a flap or with an envelope flap of minimal thickness.

Intelligent modeling and optimization of titanium surface etching for dental implant application

Acid-etching is one of the most popular processes for the surface treatment of dental implants. In this paper, acid-etching of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) in a 48% H2SO4 solution is investigated. The etching process time (0–8 h) and solution temperature (25–90 °C) are assumed to be the most effective operational conditions to affect the surface roughness parameters such as arithmetical mean deviation of the assessed profile on the surface (Ra) and average of maximum peak to valley height of the surface over considered length profile (Rz), as well as weight loss (WL) of the dental implants in etching process. For the first time, three multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) with two hidden layers was optimized to predict Ra, Rz, and WL. MLP is a feedforward class of ANN and ANN model that involves computations and mathematics which simulate the human–brain processes. The ANN models can properly predict Ra, Rz, and WL variations during etching as a function of process temperature and time. Moreover, WL can be increased to achieve a high Ra. At WL = 0, Ra of 0.5 μm is obtained, whereas Ra increases to 2 μm at WL = 0.78 μg/cm2. Also, ANN model was fed into a nonlinear sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to establish the optimization process and the ability of this method has been proven to predict the optimized etching conditions.

Bone Quality Assessment of Dental Implant Recipient Sites

Abstract The term bone quality is not clearly defined and depends on many factors, such as bone density, bone vascularity, bone metabolism and other factors that may affect implant outcome. The assessment of bone volume and bone density is most common in planning the treatment of dental implants. Bone quality is an important predictor of primary implant stability, which influences the future implant osseointegration. Numerous classifications have been described for the evaluation of bone density. The most commonly used has been the one proposed by Lekholmu and Zarb. For the objective evaluation of bone density, conventional computed tomography (CT) or Cone Beam Computed tomography (CBCT), have been proposed. Both methods are reliable for the measurement of bone density, but preference is given to CBCT, due to the lower radiation doses, greater comfort for the patient and the lower prices. Pre-operatively defined bone density is a good indicator of the future success of implant therapy. In addition to the bone density, vascularity of the jawbone is an important factor of the quality of the bone for the osseointegration of dental implants. Laser Doppler is a simple method that can determine the vascularity of bone during implant insertion. The development of modern diagnostic methods for assessing the quantity and quality of the jawbone has enabled easier implant planning and has provided a secure outcome.

Long-term Follow-up of Dental Implant Treatment

Long-term Follow-up of Dental Implant Treatment

The Association between Dental Implant Treatment Experience and Socioeconomic Factors in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey Data Analysis

Background:We examined the Korean adults’ experience with dental implants and analyzed its association with various socioeconomic factors.Methods:This study was based on the participants enrolled in the 2013–2015 KNHANES. Using the variables associated with dental implant treatment experience and other socioeconomic factors, we evaluated the statistical significance and potential associations between the dental implant treatment experience and its related factors. The final analysis in this study was performed on adults aged 20 yr and over. It comprised 4,893 subjects in the year 2013, 4,431 subjects in 2014, and 4,430 subjects in 2015.Results:An increasing number of individuals had reported undergoing dental implant treatment. An older age was associated with a higher likelihood of undergoing dental implant treatment, particularly in adults aged ≥40 years. Additionally, the likelihood was higher in individuals with a greater income level, low-level of educational background, and married status. Factors that were observed to influence dental implant treatment experience included age, education level, income level, marital status.Conclusion:Our analysis confirmed the growing accessibility to dental implants among Korean adults and an association between dental implant treatment experience and socioeconomic factors. We recommend a healthcare policy on dental implants that considers relevant socioeconomic factors, in order to provide dental implant treatment to individuals who are in absolute need of treatment.

The Role of Family and Friends in Accepting Dental Implant Treatment: A Preliminary Clinical Report on an Iranian Population.

Consenting to a dental implant treatment plan may be a challenging decision for many patients, and they may prefer to consult their family and friends before making the final decision on this matter. The purpose of this preliminary report was to assess the role of family and friends, as the consultees, in consenting to a dental implant treatment plan by patients. A total of 106 patients with dental implants were questioned about whether they made the final decision regarding their dental implant treatment by themselves or they consulted their family and friends prior to finalizing their decision. The majority of men (52.1%) reported making this decision by themselves and based on their own personal opinion, while most women (48.2%) reported making the decision after consulting their children. Within the limitations of this preliminary report, it appears that women are more willing to consult their children and friends on this matter compared with men. Also, men mostly consult their wives in making such a decision while women pay more attention to the opinion of their children in this respect.

Influence of interdental hygiene products on periodontal pathogens according to indicators of hygienic indices

Many articles describe in detail local accidents and complications in the treatment of dental implants. The comparison of the data provided is not always correct, because different criteria and indexes were used in different classifications. The problem of inflammatory complications of dental implantation is particularly acute, in the long term after prosthetics in patients who have facial mucositis and peri-implantitis. This observation gave rise to a hygienic hypothesis, which postulates that