Dental Health Care Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Periodontal and Dental Diseases During Pregnancy Among Obstetricians and Dentists in King Saud University Medical City.

Providing effective dental treatment during pregnancy is related to controlling oral diseases and helps maintain a healthy oral cavity. One of the possible treatment options for endodontic disease is to treat the odontogenic infection, maintain a healthy oral environment, and minimize the expected complications that can occur later in pregnancy or during the postpartum period. Sufficient awareness among obstetricians and dentists is essential to delivering appropriate preventive and curative care to pregnant patients. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding oral health care and providing dental treatment among King Saud University Medical City obstetricians and dentists during pregnancy and the association of dental and periodontal disease with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study was conducted in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, from December 2022 to June 2023 (six months). The data were collected from 381 participants in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2023 to June 2023. The study targeted male and female general dentists and obstetricians living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and excluded those who are not dentists and obstetricians or not living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Out of a total of 381 completed responses, 281 (73.8%) of the participants were dentists, while 100 (26.2%) were obstetricians. It was observed that the majority of the participants agreed that oral health is a part of prenatal care, while the minority did not agree (0.3%). Of the 281 (73.8%) respondents, most of them reported periodontal disease can cause preterm birth, low birth weight, and gestational diabetes (73.2%), while only 0.5% answered no. Two hundred and seventy-eight of the participants answered that it is essential to consult with an obstetrician before treating pregnant patients. The overall knowledge of dentists and obstetricians was adequate regarding dental disease during pregnancy. However, more education should be assessed and continuously improved regarding the treatment options, as well as future recommendations regarding the medications used in dental clinics and awareness programs promoting dental health care in pregnant patients.

The Application of Digital Diagnostic Aids in the Early Detection of Dental Caries

The utilization of digital diagnostic aids has introduced novel prospects in the timely identification of dental caries, enhancing the caliber of dental healthcare, diminishing expenses associated with long-term treatment, and, notably, ameliorating dental well-being and patient quality of life. The objective of this study is to investigate the utilization of digital diagnostic aids in the early identification of dental caries. The literature search procedure was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar, to explore the application of digital diagnostic aids in the early identification of dental caries. The utilization of digital diagnostic aids enables dental professionals to deliver comprehensive, efficient, and prompt healthcare services to individuals, thereby enhancing dental well-being and overall quality of life. Additionally, this approach helps mitigate the expenses associated with extensive treatment that may become necessary if dental caries is identified at a later stage. The advent of digital technology has significantly enhanced the prospects of a more promising future in the field of dentistry, with a heightened emphasis on preventive measures and timely intervention.

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Oral Health Care Directives

A growing global health issue is the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, ataxia, Huntington's disease, and supranuclear palsy. The oral health of those who suffer from these disorders has not gotten as much scrutiny as the cognitive and motor impairments linked to these diseases have. This article clarifies the crucial connection between dental health care and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the demand for coordinated guidelines. We comment on the particular oral health issues experienced by individuals with neurodegenerative illnesses, including diminished self-care skills and increased vulnerability to oral diseases and pathology, through an extensive assessment of the literature. We outline evidence-based recommended practices in oral health care for these people based on verified data and professional opinion. We also look at the viewpoints of patients and caregivers, highlighting the value of patient-centric care in developing oral health directives. Making decisions also takes into account ethical and legal issues, providing advice to professionals and families. This book provides a useful tool for improving the quality of life for afflicted individuals by outlining the step-by-step procedure for drafting oral health care directives. We aim to stimulate future research and promote better standards of oral health management in the context of neurodegenerative diseases by listing these directions as an essential part of holistic care.

A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma and Its Drivers Among Dental Healthcare Providers in Islamabad, Pakistan.

Introduction HIV-related stigma and discrimination amonghealthcare providers are some of the strongest obstacles to effectively responding to HIV and achieving health-related quality of life. In the Pakistani context, HIV-related discrimination has been explored mainly among people living with HIV (PLHIV), and no study has investigated HIV-related stigma from the perspective of dental healthcare providers. Aim This study aimed to investigate the HIV-related stigma among dental healthcare workers in Pakistan and understand the factors associated with it. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of three months (December 2021 to February 2022) among 601 consenting dental healthcare providers in all public and private dental healthcare facilities in Islamabad, Pakistan. Pretested questionnaires collected information on demographics, work-related characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HIV/AIDS. HIV-related stigma was assessed through "the stigma index" developed by USAID and was measured as a continuous variable. Multivariate linear regression analysis evaluated the independent effect of different factors associated with HIV-related stigma. Results HIV-related stigma remains highly prevalent within both public and private dental healthcare facilities in ICT and among all cadres of dental healthcare providers. Among associated factors, misconceptions in HIV knowledge are highly significant (p < 0.001) and those with a higher score of incorrect HIV knowledge had higher levels of stigma. Healthcare providers who read any HIV-related manual or guidelines were found to be less stigmatized as compared to those who have not been exposed to any such literature (p=0.029). Dentists (p=0.04) showed higher levels of stigma as compared to dental assistants and dental hygienists, while employees of private hospitals (p=0.0) and private clinics (p=0.0) were far more stigmatized by HIV in comparison to dental healthcare providers in public hospitals. Conclusion This study provides the first-ever analysis of HIV-related stigma and its drivers in the dental healthcare settings in Pakistan and highlights multiple individual, clinical, and policy-level factors associated with it. In order to address this stigma, it is essential for healthcare institutions to create supportive and inclusive healthcare settings, by providing education and trainingto care providers in order to increase their understanding of the disease itself. In addition, healthcare institutions can take steps to ensure that their policies and practices are inclusive and non-discriminatory, such as implementing policies that prohibit discrimination based on HIV status and providing confidential care. On the other hand, care providers must work to recognize their own biases and strive to provide non-discriminatory and culturally sensitive care to all patients. The findings of this study could be used as a baseline and insight by organizations like the National AIDS Control Program into possible targets for future exploration and interventions to effectively reduce the stigma towardPLHIV in dental healthcare settings.

Trends in dental expenditures in Japan with a universal health insurance system.

The government of Japan has spent a significant amount on dental healthcare, but it remains unknown how the spending varies across age, type of service, and time. This study describes trends in dental expenditures in Japan. This descriptive study used two national data sources: Estimates of National Medical Care Expenditure and Survey on Economic Conditions in Health Care. We obtained annual total and average per capita dental expenditures by age in Japan from 1984 to 2020 and estimated the proportions of types of service from 1996 to 2021. All costs were adjusted for the 2020 Consumer Price Index (1 US dollar ≈ 100 yen in 2020). Total dental expenditures increased from 1.96 trillion yen in 1984 to 3.00 trillion yen in 2020. In particular, total and average per capita dental spending for older persons showed a rapid increase (total: from 185 billion yen in 1984 to 1.18 trillion yen in 2020; average per capita: from 15,500 yen in 1984 to 32,800 yen in 2020), contributing to the total amount increase. The crown restoration and prosthesis category amounted to 50.3% of the total expenditure in 1996, and this proportion declined to 32.4% by 2021. In 0-14 years persons, expenses on the crown restoration and prosthesis category decreased while the medical management category (mainly including fees for a management plan for oral diseases or oral functions) increased. In persons aged 65 years or older, expenses on the crown restoration and prosthesis category decreased, with increasing expenses in the medical management and at-home treatment categories. The amount of dental spending in Japan substantially increased from 1.96 trillion yen in 1984 to 3.00 trillion yen in 2020), a 1.53-fold increase. The observed changes in annual dental spending varied across age groups and types of service.

Knowledge’s and Practices of Cross Infection Control Protocols among Dental Health Care Professionals in Public Sector University of Karachi, Pakistan

Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge and practices of cross-infection control protocols among dental health care professionals (DHCP). 2.To compare the scores among different groups: junior and senior, male and female DHCPs, as well as between doctors and non-doctors. Study design and setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 112 DHCPs from a public sector university in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: Participants were provided with self-administered questionnaires, consisting of closed-ended and multiplechoice questions, designed to evaluate their knowledge and practices concerning cross-infection control. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26, with a significance level set at p=0.05 for comparison of scores. Results: Data of 112 participants was analyzed. The male to female ratio was 3:5 with mean age of 25 years. 97.3% of the population believed aerosols as main cause of communicable diseases reported to be vaccinated for hepatitis B. The knowledge was good, and practices were adequate to ensure cross-infection control, but we found difference between the diploma holders and graduate/postgraduates and between graduate and postgraduates at p-value 0.05. Conclusions: The results indicate showed the knowledge and practices to be adequate. Increased awareness and stringent adherence to PPE usage may have been influenced by a change in mindset following the recent pandemic. Though seminars and workshops should be arranged to provide them with updates. Also, vaccination against communicable diseases should be made mandatory for professional practice.

Comparative Evaluation of Microbial Contamination on the Mobile Phones Used by Dental Health-care Professionals versus Faculty of School System.

Mobile phones are frequently used in environments of high bacteria presence. These can harbor various potential pathogens and become an exogenous source of nosocomial infections. Even in recent outbreak of COVID-19, it has become a point which needs to be sanitized to prevent and control further disease transmission as it is equally important for health-care professionals to use mobile phones in the hospital and other health and care settings, especially for communication. The present study was conducted to determine the potential role of mobile phones in the dissemination of disease. To compare the evaluation of microbial contamination on the mobile phones used by dental health-care professionals and faculty of senior secondary school and to access the microbial contamination of mobile phones by measuring the percentages of pathogens and to determine the type of bacteria commonly present on mobile phones. It also assesses the efficacy of 70% ethyl alcohol to be used as decontamination solution. A total of 126 mobile phones were screened in the study; 63 mobile phones belonging to dental health-care personnel from nine different specialties of dental college (Group 1 - test group) and 63 mobile phones belonging to nonhealth-care personnel like school teachers of senior schools (Group 2 - control group). All the samples were taken before and after cleaning with 70% ethyl alcohol. A total of 252 swab samples were taken. Microbial contamination was approximately 68% in swab samples taken from mobile phones before cleaning with 70% of ethyl alcohol but even with one time disinfection with alcohol, decontamination was found to be only 95% effective. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common isolated organism in swabs collected from dental college. Pathogenic bacteria were more prevalent in samples of dental college than to school samples. Ninetythree percentage of cell phones of health-care workers were contaminated and they act as potential source of nosocomial infections. Alcohol should be used to disinfect the mobile phones.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of tobacco cessation counselling and nicotine replacement therapy among dental professionals

ABSTRACT Background: Establishment of Tobacco Cessation Centres across all dental institutions has been made mandatory by the Dental Council of India. To make it a success, adequate knowledge and training, positive attitude and practices are expected by the dental health care professionals. Our study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of dentists towards Tobacco Cessation Counselling (TCC) and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT). Materials and Methods: 200 participants (60 faculty members, 20 postgraduate students and 120 interns) participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-designed questionnaire of 27 questions was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of the participants regarding TCC and NRT. A descriptive analysis of the data was done. Frequency and percentage were calculated for each variable. The data were processed and analysed using SPSS software version 19-SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA. Results: 22% candidates were trained for TCC as opposed to 78% candidates who didn’t have an idea about it. 65% participants knew about various agents which are used for NRT but many did not know how to prescribe them. 83.5% were not willing to spare time for tobacco cessation in their private practice. Only 12% were currently practising TCC or NRT at workplace. Conclusion: Inclusion of TCC in the undergraduate curriculum, training and updating of dental faculty and students regarding TCC and NRT will help in serving the noble cause.

Burnout and Intention to Change Profession among Romanian Dentists during COVID-19: A Cross Sectional Study Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

This study aims to examine the relationship between burnout and dentists' intentions to change careers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The MBI-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel-MBI-HSS (MP) was used to measure burnout levels and investigate how they relate to dentists' intentions to change their profession. The sample included 69 Romanian dentists, 56 of whom were women and 13 of whom were men. Self-reported questionnaires provided to the participants were used to collect the data. Female participants reported higher levels of emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation than males. However, there were no substantial differences in Personal Accomplishment levels between genders. As for the intentions to change careers, 41 expressed a clear intention to change their profession, 15 were still determining if they would choose the same speciality, and 28 indicated they would not choose the medical field. The study's findings provide insight into how dentists' thoughts about perceived burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced their attitudes regarding their career paths. The results suggest concerns regarding burnout in the dental field and emphasise the necessity for burnout interventions and support services, particularly during healthcare crises. Further research and interventions to mitigate burnout and promote well-being among dentists are needed to ensure the sustainability and quality of dental healthcare services in Romania.

Perception and Attitude of Parents of Children With Orofacial Clefts Regarding the Use of Presurgical Orthopedics and Feeding Obturators.

This study aims to evaluate the parents' attitude and their perception regarding the management of orofacial cleft (OFC) children with presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM), DynaCleft and/or feeding obturators. A cross-sectional, descriptiveand observational retrospective survey-based study was conducted among parents of OFC children treated with PNAM, DynaCleft and/or feeding obturators who attended a primary dental health care center in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia, from 2019 to 2023. A validated questionnaire was used after translating it from English to Arabic. The questionnaire consisted of 32 questions divided into two sections. The first section covers parents' sociodemographic data and OFC risk factors. The second section evaluates the parents' perception regarding the use of presurgical orthopedics (PSO) for OFC repair. The questionnaire was completed through telephone interviews carried out by two investigators with the parents of OFC children. Out of 142 parents of OFC children, only 40 parents and their children met the inclusion criteria of the study. Most parents (95%) reported their satisfaction with the treatment and stated that they would encourage other parents of OFC children to use PSO. This study concluded that parents of OFC children had a positive attitude towardPSO treatment. Based on the positive outcomes of PSO treatment reported in the current study and previous literature, PSO should be considered as a routine treatment in the early management of orofacial clefts.

Understanding Dental Pain: Cross-sectional Analysis of Pain Intensity and Associated Factors using Visual Analogue Scale

Pain is a multifaceted experience that can vary based on an individual's threshold and perception and can be acute or chronic, depending on the nature and type of pain experienced. This study evaluated the efficacy of Visual Analogue Scale in assessing dental pain among 153 dental patients in Pakistan region. The study found that Visual Analogue Scale provides a useful and straightforward method for assessing pain intensity among dental patients undergoing various therapies. These findings may help dental healthcare providers improve pain management strategies and patient outcomes. However, a comprehensive approach to pain assessment and management beyond pain intensity ratings using Visual Analogue Scale is essential. Future studies should explore other dimensions of pain and identify optimal pain management strategies in dental settings.

Analysis of the main indicators of dental care in Ukraine for 2022

The article presents an analysis of the results of state and industry statistical reports of health care institutions submitted to the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Ukraine in 2023. In 2022, 16,004 dentists provided dental care to the population of Ukraine in 4,418 institutions of various types of ownership. There is a decrease in the number of dental healthcare institutions in Ukraine from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022: by 14 % in the public sector (1,359 institutions in 2020, and 1,172 in 2022), by 36 % in the private sector (5,084 institutions in 2020, and 3,246 in 2022). The human resources for the dental industry decreased by 28 % compared to 2020 (22,180 dentists). In the public sector, 10,081 specialists provide dental care (12,601 dentists in 2020), in the private sector, 5,551 specialists (8,940 dentists in 2020). The indicator of provision of dental personnel in Ukraine, which was 3.9 doctors per 10,000 population in 2022, including dentists in institutions of all types of ownership and subordination, reduced compared to 2020 (5.4). A decrease in the amount of dental care for residents of Ukraine according to the main indicators has its basis, namely: the change in the funding of dental care, two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and a full-scale war from 2022 caused significant fluctuations in the indicators in the regions of the Ukraine.

Infection Control in Dentistry: An Evaluation

The dental environment is associated with significant amount of risk for exposure to various micro- organisms. Infection control is one of the prime elements of a successful dental practice. There are many infectious diseases that can be transmitted in a dental environment. New diseases with serious consequences and a high rate of transmission have evolved in the recent past. Infection control is directed at prevention to exposure of such infections and also to prevent it being transferred from person to person. Purpose: The goal of an infection control program is to provide a safe working environment for dental health care personnel and their patients. Practitioners can achieve this by adopting measures that reduce health care-associated infections among patients and occupational exposures among dental health care personnel. It is crucial for all dental practitioners to be up to date on current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, equipment, and techniques for proper infection control. Continuous evaluation of infection control practices is important. Patients and dental providers should be confident that oral health care can be delivered and received in a safe manner. Summary: Most steps in infection control routine are directed at prevention of contact with infectious agent. Personal protection barriers are of great significance in this process. Various methods like sterilization, decontamination and disinfection are indispensable. The WHO and CDC have issued certain guidelines regarding prevention and dealing with certain infective conditions. Dentists need to update themselves about these guidelines, to be able to administer these policies effectively. Use of disposable items may be expensive but is an effective and simple means of infection control. More and more disposable items are being inducted into dental practices especially critical items like needles, syringe etc. With careful evaluation and analysis, infection control routine can be employed in daily practice with the resources available. Constant monitoring and evaluation of infection control routines is required for good effectiveness.

An Ethical Analysis Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Oral Healthcare in Patients with Mental Disorders.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictive measures were imposed that significantly impacted the healthcare system in general, and the dental healthcare system in particular. The literature cites a possible association between mental and oral health, as psychiatric patients have decreased awareness of their oral health and, therefore, poor dental status. Moreover, several studies have found a positive association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and oral health conditions, as well as between SARS-CoV-2 infection and mental health status. This context generated multiple ethical dilemmas in the case of persons with mental health disorders who require dental treatment because they are more vulnerable in this respect. This article aims to analyze the ethical issues in dental care for patients with mental disorders concerning the COVID-19 restrictive measures. The ethical aspects involved here are the basic principles of bioethics and the related elements of accessibility, equity, consent, and confidentiality.

Socioeconomic inequalities in the use of dental health care among the adult population in Serbia.

The aim of this paper is to assess the association of demografic and socioeconomic determinants with utilization of dental services among Serbian adults. The study is a part of the population health research of Serbia, conducted in the period from October to December 2019 by the Institute of Statistics of the Republic of Serbia in cooperation with the Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr. Milan JovanovićBatut" and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted as a descriptive, cross-sectional analytical study on a representative sample of the population of Serbia. For the purposes of this study, data on the adult population aged 20 years and older were used. Men were approximately 1.8 times more likely than women to not utilize dental healthcare services (OR = 1.81). The likelihood of not utilizing dental healthcare protection rises with increasing age, reaching its peak within the 65-74 age range (OR = 0.441), after which it declines. Individuals who have experienced marital dissolution due to divorce or the death of a spouse exhibit a higher probability of not utilizing health protection (OR = 1.868). As the level of education and wealth diminishes, the probability of abstaining from health protection increases by 5.8 times among respondents with an elementary school education (OR = 5.852) and 1.7 times among the most economically disadvantaged respondents (OR = 1.745). Regarding inactivity, respondents who are not employed have a 2.6-fold higher likelihood of not utilizing oral health care compared to employed respondents (OR = 2.610). The results suggest that individual sociodemographic factors influence utilization of dental services by Serbian adults and confirmed the existence of socioeconomic disparities.

Evaluation of the usefulness and quality of YouTube™ videos about children's electric toothbrushes.

The effectiveness of mechanical tooth cleaning, which plays a crucial role in biofilm control, depends on the type of brush and technique. Parents can refer to websites such as YouTube™ for guidance on the selection and use of electric toothbrushes. The objective of this study was to examine the usefulness, quality and accuracy of the information on YouTube™ videos about electric toothbrushes for children. A search was performed on YouTube™ for English language videos using the terms 'electric toothbrush for kids' and 'kids' electric toothbrush'. From the first 100 results, 64 videos were selected for further analysis. The videos were analysed for views, likes/dislikes, number of comments, upload source, duration and time since video upload. The usefulness and the quality of the selected videos were also measured. The majority of the videos mentioned toothbrush design (71.9%, n = 46) and toothbrush heads (62.5%, n = 40). The videos were generally determined to be moderately useful (46.9%), whereas very useful videos were found less frequently (12.5%). Slightly useful videos were mostly uploaded by laypeople. Very useful videos had significantly higher video durations than moderately and slightly useful videos (p = 0.029 and p = 0.002, respectively). YouTube™ can be an important source of information for parents to learn about electric toothbrushes for their children. However, watching videos based on upload source and length of time may provide more accurate information on this topic. Also, dental healthcare professionals could be included more often to improve the usefulness and quality of the videos.

Motivation and Dental Health Self-Care Behavior with Adolescent Quality of Life using OHIP-14

Background: The prevalence of dental and oral disease in Indonesia is still high (57.6%) and the most cases are dental caries and periodontal disease. Adolescents during puberty are prone to oral health problems, so they need attention from dental and oral health care programs. Preventive measures against dental and oral diseases need to be carried out in adolescents so that there are no disturbances in function, activity, and work productivity which will affect quality of life. Technological developments require innovation to detect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents early. Objective: To determine the relationship between motivation and dental health self-care behavior with the quality of life of adolescents using the Oral Health Impact profile-14 or OHIP-14 questionnaire. Method: This type of research is observational analytic with a cross sectional design. The research location is at the Junior High School in the Sleman Regency area. The sample was 100 teenagers aged 12-15 years. The sampling technique was carried out using purposive sampling. The data analysis used was bivariate analysis using chi-square correlation to determine the relationship between motivation and dental health behavior and quality of life in adolescents. Results: There is a significant relationship between motivation and quality of life (p=0.004; OR=4.74). Adolescents with low motivation have a tendency to have a low quality of life 4.74 times compared to adolescents with high motivation. There is a significant relationship between dental health self-care behavior and quality of life (p=0.041; OR= 5.47). Adolescents with bad behavior tend to have a lower quality of life 5.47 times compared to adolescents with good dental health behavior. Conclusion: There is a relationship between motivation and dental health self-care behavior and quality of life in adolescents. Keywords: Motivation, Behavior, Quality of Life of Adolescents

Clinical management and infection control protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is considered a highly infectious and life threatening disease. The present paper aims to evaluate various aspects of preventive measures and clinical management of the scheduled visits for orthodontic patients to the dental clinics during the outbreak of COVID-19, and to assess how orthodontists dealt with this challenge. Orthodontists in private and public clinics were invited to fill a questionnaire that addressed infection control protocols and concerns about clinical management of patients in the clinics during the pandemic. Frequncies and percentages of the responses were obtained and compared using Chi-square tests. About 77% of those working in private clinics, and 63% of those working in private and governmental clinics performed room disinfection following each patient. In case of patients needing urgent management and have active infection, 56% of the participants provided care under high infection control measures; on the contrary, 64% provided symptomatic intervention including orthodontic wax, analgesics and sometimes mouthwash. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the orthodontic treatments. All pre-cautionary measures have to be made available in the clinic in order to minimize the spread of viral infection with continuous dental health care training.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN STATUS KARIES WARGA MUHAMMADIYAH KARANGTENGAH, IMOGIRI, BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA

Dental and oral health knowledge is still lacking so there are still many dental and oral diseases that are suffered by the community. Lack of knowledge about this causes poor oral hygiene status and caries status. Educational activities about dental and oral health as well as simple dental health care are beneficial for increasing dental and oral health care and awareness in the community. A social service is a form of community service that aims to increase knowledge of the importance of dental and oral health to residents. This activity uses counselling techniques, and dental health care services, and ends with DHE (Dental Health Education). DHE is to provide an understanding that contains directions on procedures for maintaining healthy teeth and mouth. Counselling was carried out at the Nurul Islam Mosque in Karangtengah Pimpinan Ranting Muhammadiyah (PRM) starting with a pre-test and post-test on knowledge of systemic diseases and their relation to oral health. The results showed that there was an amplification of the residents' knowledge, namely an increase of 7.7% as seen from the results of the post-test. The dental and mouth examination was attended by 97 members of Muhammadiyah Karangtengah consisting of 18 children, 40 adults and 39 elderly. Dental examination and treatment followed by DHE as a form of education given after treatment.

Electrolysed oxidising water as a multi-purpose biocide in dental healthcare-A scoping review.

The objective of this scoping review was to map evidence of electrolysed oxidising water (EOW) as a biocide for dental applications of relevance to older people and identify research gaps. EOW is an emerging, "green," and cost-effective biocide. There are no reviews on the landscape of EOW research as either an antiseptic or disinfectant in dental healthcare or its suitability for the oral healthcare of older people. The review follows the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Database searches (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus and Science Direct) were undertaken using MESH terms and Boolean operators with no date restrictions, to identify full-text, original reports published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. The search yielded 114 papers that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Dental applications of EOW include its use as an endodontic irrigant (39%); mouth rinse/surgical irrigant (21%); disinfectant for dental unit water lines (19%) and dental biomaterials (17%); and for antimicrobial efficacy, effects on oral tissues and on dental material properties. Most studies (83%) evaluated a single EOW formulation (acidic, moderately acidic or neutral) that was either generated at 'point-of-use' (POU; 72%), bottled ('ready-to-use', RTU; 24%) or from unspecified (3%) sources. Six reports evaluated storage-related parameters and 25 evaluated clinical applications; 89 were in vitro studies and one investigated the cost-effectiveness of POU EOW. Neutral-pH, EOW is effective as an antimicrobial agent without deleterious effects on oral tissues. However, research on the impact of storage conditions, anti-Candida biofilm efficacy and mechanism of action against yeasts, long-term effects on denture materials and cost-effectiveness is required to establish the suitability of EOW as a multipurpose biocide for dental healthcare, including infection-control requirements relating to older people.