Dental Expert Research Articles

Age estimation using pulp tooth area ratio in North Indian population

Introduction: One of the most common dental expert advice asked by the law enforcing agencies is to provide identity and age of the accused or person involved. Age determination is done for various causes including that of dead bodies for reasons as unlawful cases and also in badly disfigured bodies in disasters, such as natural calamities or manmade like fires, accidents, etc., In living individual, the age estimation is done to crosscheck whether an individual has attained the age for lawful liability when records are not available or suspected. Materials and Methods: Study was done on 300 individuals (150 males-females each) using RVG of Right maxillary canine and data is processed by AutoCAD 2006. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (r) for reliability of predicted age calculated have significant P value (

Peran Kelas Ibu Balita Terhadap Praktik Pemberian ASI Ekslusif

Toddler’s Mother Class has an important role in improving the coverage of exclusive breast feeding. The purpose of this study was to describe the role of the Toddler’s Mother Class with exclusive breast feeding practice in Public Health Center of Godong I. This study used qualitative methods with snowball sampling techniques. The informant of the study are toddler’s mother who have a child aged 6-12 months with total informant are ten informant. Collecting data technique with in-depth interviews and used interview guidelines. The results showed that implementation of Toddler’s Mother Class was done three times a year by the facilitator, consists of a village midwives, public health centers midwives, and a nutritionist or dental expert or infectious disease control officer. Source of funding the activities derived from Special Operational Assistance (BOK), media health promotion used a sheet back, and targets were not grouped by age, but focused on toddlers who haved growing hibicus problems. Most of informants have knowledgeable about exclusive breast feeding and have agreed to give exclusive breast feeding. However, only a portion (50%) the informant can provide exclusive breast feeding to her baby, because the lack of support from the husband and family. Toddler’s Mother Class at Public Health Center of Godong I was implemented in all of the village, but there was still mother of a baby who does not provide exclusive breast feeding.

Recommendations on multidisciplinary management of elective surgery in people with haemophilia.

Planning and undertaking elective surgery in people with haemophilia (PWH) is most effective with the involvement of a specialist and experienced multidisciplinary team (MDT) at a haemophilia treatment centre. However, despite extensive best practice guidelines for surgery in PWH, there may exist a gap between guidelines and practical application. For this consensus review, an expert multidisciplinary panel comprising surgeons, haematologists, nurses, physiotherapists and a dental expert was assembled to develop practical approaches to implement the principles of multidisciplinary management of elective surgery for PWH. Careful preoperative planning is paramount for successful elective surgery, including dental examinations, physical assessment and prehabilitation, laboratory testing and the development of haemostasis and pain management plans. A coordinator may be appointed from the MDT to ensure that critical tasks are performed and milestones met to enable surgery to proceed. At all stages, the patient and their parent/caregiver, where appropriate, should be consulted to ensure that their expectations and functional goals are realistic and can be achieved. The planning phase should ensure that surgery proceeds without incident, but the surgical team should be ready to handle unanticipated events. Similarly, the broader MDT must be made aware of events in surgery that may require postoperative plans to be changed. Postoperative rehabilitation should begin soon after surgery, with attention paid to management of haemostasis and pain. Surgery in patients with inhibitors requires even more careful preparation and should only be undertaken by an MDT experienced in this area, at a specialized haemophilia treatment centre with a comprehensive care model.

Medico-legal aspects of cosmetic dentistry

Cosmetic dentistry has undergone enormous change over the last 10 years, with a move away from drilling teeth back in order to place veneers to a move towards techniques to orthodontically align and whiten the front teeth. Whilst this is a positive move, it is important that general dentists providing orthodontic treatment work within their competency. Where claims arise, they are made against individual dentists. Key issues to consider in deciding where there may or may not be a claim would include the following: were all the options given, including the most conservative/least destructive, was the patient given an opportunity to see the expected cosmetic outcome before treatment started, were they adequately informed of all risks, and any necessary compromises to the ideal aesthetic outcome, was there adequate case planning recorded in the notes with all pre-operative photographs and X-rays as necessary, where adverse events occur, would it have been reasonable to expect anything to have been done differently, does the patient have unrealistic expectations of what is achievable? When seeking the advice of a dental expert witness, the appropriate expert may need to have experience in cosmetic, restorative and orthodontic treatment, depending on the case.

Under the lens: Dental expert witnesses in Brazil, Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom.

The dentists’ main job is to restore health and function to the oral cavity. However, dental professionals can also be involved in medico legal activities as forensic odontologists or by being Expert Witnesses (EW) to testify in professional liability cases, car accidents and work-related injuries. When called to act as an expert witness by the Court, the appointed dentist has to combine both biological and technical knowledge with equivalent medico-legal and forensic knowledge. Spontaneous involvement in medico-legal matters without an adequate training and experience can lead to mistakes with irreversible consequences. As an expert witness, the dentist has precise responsibility with civil and/or penal consequences, depending on the national judicial system. Dental Expert Witness, working either privately or appointed by the Court, has defined responsibilities and is subjected to civil or criminal proceedings (depending on the judicial system) if found wanting. Keeping in mind that there are significant differences regarding the requirements of becoming eligible to be a Dental Expert Witness in different legal systems. In this work the authors investigated the Judicial Systems regarding the appointment of Dental Expert Witnesses in Brazil, Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom (Table 1), in order to marshal knowledge towards harmonization and the attainment of best practice. This premise acknowledges the fact that forensic odontology must encompass the necessity for robust systems of audit and accreditation for it to be accepted as an “evidence based” forensic discipline. Further steps to ensure quality assurance in legal dentistry and forensic odontology training should be considered to prevent the spontaneous involvement of inappropriately trained dentists to become involved in making decisions that are beyond their competence and expertise.

Dental Malpractice, The Odds in Dental Treatment

The work of a dental expert who honestly prompts an individual or causes mental anxiety because of absence of proper or decent measure of working aptitudes can be classed as carelessness prompting to dental negligence. The main reason for dental malpractice is increased competition, advertising, higher costs for education and for opening a practice, lower incidence of tooth decay due to fluoridation and better oral hygiene, diminished dental education in methods & science, and the failure of organized dentistry to develop guidelines and polices for combating quackery. This article reviews the numerous causes leading to malpractice.

Choice of Endodontic Fiber Posts and its Influence on Dental Malpractice: An in vitro Evaluation.

The fiber post type used in restoring endodontically treated teeth may affect the dental expert decision in the case of dental malpractice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the low-cost commercial fiber post in comparison with a higher cost or well-known documented fiber post system. A total of 20 premolars were selected for the study; following endodontic treatment, specimens were randomly divided into two groups of 10 specimens each according to the type of fiber post used: (1) Low-cost commercial fiber post (OYAPost, Taper Lucent, OYARICOM) and (2) higher cost well-known fiber post (Rely X Fiber post, 3M ESPE). Both fiber posts were cemented using self-adhesive cement (Rely X Unicem). Samples were subjected to push-out bond strength and to failure analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used (p < 0.005). There was no significant difference between the bond strength of the two tested groups (p > 0.05), while statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted between the different post space regions (cervical, middle, and apical). Based on the evidence from the study, it can be concluded that the type of fiber post should not affect the dental expert decision in the case of dental malpractice/lawsuit. All types of low-cost fiber posts may behave similarly to other higher cost or well-documented fiber posts.

Ergebnisse strukturierter Fokusgruppenarbeit zur Professionalisierung des zahnärztlichen Gutachterwesens in Deutschland

Legal expert opinions are a crucial instrument of professional self-control in medicine. To give impulses for further development, focus groups were initiated to reflect upon the perspective of legal dental experts. 5 focus group discussions on the topic "Professionalization of legal dental experts" were conducted. A total of 32 experienced legal dental experts participated in the discussions. The results were evaluated by qualitative content analysis. A catalogue of 68 ideas was generated for improvement and divided into 15 categories. Among these were periodic quality circles, interprofessional exchange, supervision of novices and periodic feedback for legal dental experts and dentists. Self-reflection can be included as an instrument for quality improvement of legal dental expert opinions.

A Systematic Literature Review of the Information‐Seeking Behavior of Dentists in Developed Countries

Understanding the information-seeking behavior of dentists may inform ways to increase the dentist uptake of evidence-based research for clinical decision making and the practice of evidence-based dentistry, but no systematic review of dentist information-seeking behavior has been conducted. This review aimed to synthesize the best available evidence on where and how dentists seek information. A literature search of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and reference lists of English language studies from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries of dentists' information-seeking behavior published between 2002 and 2014 was conducted. Selected articles were assessed using mixed methods analysis, and the data extracted were thematically synthesized. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, and four main themes were identified: dentists' difficulty translating evidence-based resources into clinical practice; dentists' preference for face-to-face meetings, collegial discussion, and print materials over evidence-based resources; dentists' perceptions of the validity of evidence-based resources and the role of specialist and experienced dentists as information sources for general and less experienced dentists; and differences between early and late adopters of research evidence. Dentists in these studies tended to adopt new materials/techniques after discussion with a colleague, a dental specialist, or a respected dental expert. These dentists also reported lacking time, experience, skills, and confidence to find and use evidence-based resources. Many of the dentists studied were cautious about making decisions based on documentary sources like literature reviews and preferred to seek advice from an experienced or specialist colleague or to participate in face-to-face meetings.

Development and implementation of the Clinical Tooth Shade Differentiation Course--an evaluation over 3 years.

Objective: Tooth shade differentiation concerns the identification and classification of tooth shades. The objective of this project was to implement the Clinical Tooth Shade Differentiation Course in the preclinical stage of studies and to evaluate the students' perspective over a period of 3 years.Methodology: The course is planned for a duration of 10 weeks with two 45-minute sessions per semester week. The entire attendance time was 10:15 h. 2 lectures of 90 minutes each, 2 seminars of 60 min each and 2 teaching units with the phantom head and role playing took place. In addition to the various parameters of tooth shade, changes in tooth shade and the basics of dental esthetics, clinical procedures for manual and digital tooth shade determination were explained and practiced. 96% (69 of 72) of the students participated in the first evaluation in 2012/2013 (T1), and 68% of these were women. In the following year, 2013/2014 (T2), 92% (45 of 48 students) took part; 62% of these were women and 38% men. The 2014/2015 evaluation (T3) comprised 94% (45 of 48 students). Of these, 67% were women.Results: In the evaluation, the students gave the course a positive grade. The questions in "General/Organization" were given a mean (M) of 1.5 (SD=0.7) in T1 and T2 , and 1.2 (SD=0.3) in T3. The "Overall Assessment" yielded MT1=1.6 (SD=0.6), MT2=1.5 (SD=0.5) and MT3=1.1 (SD=0.3). In T1 and T2, the item "The instructor actively involved the students in the course" was given a mean of 2.1 (SD=0.9), and in T3 a mean of 1.2 (SD=0.5). Conclusions: The course presented here conceptually shows how practical dental skills can be taught in a theoretical and clinical context. Educational objectives from the role of a dental expert were taken from the national competence-based catalog of educational objectives for dentistry and can also be supplemented. The objectives can be transferred to other dental faculties.

Dental Expert System

The early 20th century brought along a better understanding of dental disease and prevention. However, advancement in computer technology has encouraged researchers to develop software for assisting doctors in making decision without consulting the specialists directly. Software development exploits the potential of human intelligence such as reasoning, making decision, learning by experience and many others. The software was not meant to replace the specialist or doctor, yet it was developed to assist general practitioners and specialist in diagnosing and predicting patient's condition from certain rules or experience. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the practical applicability of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for the diagnosis of dental ailments based on a set of symptoms. Expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert system in medical applications reduces cost, time, human expertise and medical error. This paper on Dental Expert System is a desktop based application designed to replace the manual system used by most Medical organizations in treatment. This paper is aimed at emphasizing on the use of expert systems to diagnose mild dental problems. In this paper, the ED Expert System which is referred to as Electronic Dentist was developed based on the Coactive Neuro-Fuzzy Expert System Model and implemented by using C# programming language. The expert system is a simple and user friendly desktop application which could be used by anyone so as to complement the manual process of diagnosis. General Terms Symptoms, Artificial Intelligence, Neural Network.

The Professionalism and Enlightenment of Pierre Fauchard, a scholar of 18th century

This literature considers Pierre Fauchard's exploits under historical context of the enlightenment movement and development of the surgery during 18th century in France. &lt;치과의사 Le Chirurgien Dentiste, ou Traite des dents&gt;, a vast collection of the former and contemporary dental knowledge, technologies, and skills, established Modern Dentistry. To emphasize the professionality of dental treatment and actions involving it, Fauchard replaces the title 'dental expert' with 'stomatologist, or Le Chirurgien Dentiste' As professionalism tried to contribute to the public interest by sharing dental knowledge and technolgies, it had become a model for the dentists. Moreover, the professionalism has been accepted as an important value throughout the manufacture crafts era and the modern capitalist industrial society. Also the principles of liberty, equality, and tolerance founded during enlightenment movement, which is based on empirical positivism and rational reason, has become the legal basis of modern nations. In order to resolve the contradiction or conflict between 'liberty and equality' by 'tolerance for the public benefit', Korean dentists need develop professionalism.

Role of dental expert in forensic odontology.

Forensic dentistry has become an integral part of forensic science over the past 100 years that utilizes dental or oro-facial findings to serve the judicial system. This has been due to the dedication of people like Gustafson's, Keiser-Nielson, and Suzuki for this field. They established the essential role which forensic dentistry plays mainly in the identification of human remains. The tooth has been used as weapons and under certain circumstances, may leave information about the identity of the biter. Dental professionals have a major role to play in keeping accurate dental records and providing all necessary information so that legal authorities may recognize mal practice, negligence, fraud or abuse, and identity of unknown individuals. This paper will try to summarize the various roles of dental experts in forensic medicine.

Training for Legal Dental Expert Witnesses in Germany: An Instrument for Professional Development

Lawsuits in dentistry are increasing, and often a legal dental expert witness is called to provide an expert opinion. The appointment of the expert witness is rather arbitrary since special requirements for expert witnesses do not exist. Qualified written expert opinions, however, are particularly relevant for the dental profession. The Karlsruhe Training for Legal Dental Expert Witnesses (KT) was introduced as the German approach to this problem. The KT is a training program based on the principles of continuing professional development (CPD) that trains dentists to give written expert opinions and to act as expert witnesses in all types of legal matters. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of the KT according to the requirements of CPD. A written survey was conducted among the 161 participants in the KT between 2004 and 2009. It contained questions to assess the quality of the program and to evaluate its impact on the professional performance of the participants. The return rate was 51.6 percent (n=83). The analysis shows that the KT achieved its main goal to train the dentist as a legal dental expert witness and that the KT does not only transfer formal knowledge but stimulates changes in personal development as described in the concept of CPD.

Dental veneers overused, says dental expert

Dental veneers overused, says dental expert

Ist-Zustand und Ansätze zur Professionalisierung des zahnärztlichen Gutachterwesens in Deutschland aus der Selbstsicht der Gutachter

Dental litigation has a key role for the autonomy of the dental profession. We conducted a study among legal dental expert witnesses in order to reflect the present situation and reveal the potential for professional development. A questionnaire was distributed among 161 participants of the Karlsruhe training for legal dental experts between 2004 and 2009. They were asked to describe and to reflect on the present situation of dental litigation in Germany. 83 questionnaires were returned (51.6%). The main reason to become a legal dental expert was to "support the profession". 68 participants (85.0%) think that civil action resulting from dental treatment will become more frequent. The quality of dental expert opinions is considered to be in need of improvement. Strategies to optimise dental expert opinions and to deal with the potential growing number of claims are developed. Basic and advanced training for dental expert witnesses assures the quality of dental expert opinions and also provides a chance for the further development of the dental profession.

Socialization of New Dental Therapists on Entering the Profession

Dental therapy is relatively new in the United States. This qualitative study examines the experiences and impressions of the inaugural class of the first dental school-based dental therapy program in the United States. A grounded theory design using open-ended interviews and focus groups was carried out with the nine students in the class at the beginning of their program and after the fall and spring semesters of their first year. Student responses were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and presented to the students for feedback and clarification. Results show that students started with an idealistic perception of dental therapy that was consistent with the specific provision of the law creating dental therapy. The team learning approach in which dental therapy students learn alongside dental and dental hygiene students provided the social interaction that allowed them to better articulate and distinguish dental therapy from those other dental professions. In the absence of dental therapists who could serve as role models, the program director, who is perceived to be the dental therapy expert, has assumed the role of the primary socializer. Faculty members are challenged to fulfill their role as role models regardless of their perception of the dental therapy model.

Dental expert warns against child neglect

Dental expert warns against child neglect

The application of affine transformations in matching distorted forensic samples with a common origin

The practice of forensic odontology regularly requires the forensic dental expert to establish a degree of concordance between two objects, one or both of which have undergone minimal degrees of warping, shrinkage and distortion collectively described as deformations. These comparisons can be between the suspect's or victim's dentition and bite marks on inanimate objects/skin, two radiological images, palatal rugae patterns, dental arches, lip prints and other unique scenarios which are presented in forensic odontological cases. This paper will define the mathematical concept of affine transformation as it pertains to forensic matters and explains how it can be applied to a case study involving pattern deformations. Although the deformation of the evidence may be minimal in extent, it creates a measure of uncertainty when expert evidence is given in court cases. Any metric discrepancy caused by deformation of the evidence will necessitate the application of pattern association and negate the use of metric analysis. It has been shown that a pattern association analysis of evidence will not be affected by minimal amounts of deformation. The mathematical limits of these deformations which will significantly affect the comparisons have not yet been determined. In the case study presented the deformations were considered minimal and thus explainable by a pattern association analysis. The mathematical concepts will empower the expert to explain to a court of law how two samples which were not a perfect match, could in fact be deformed equivalents of common origin.

Dental Expert Advocates Oral Cancer Screening

Dental Expert Advocates Oral Cancer Screening