Dental Class Research Articles

Decimation-Free Directional Filter Banks for Classification and Numbering on Posterior Dental Radiography Using Mesiodistal Neck Detection

Dental classification and numbering on posterior dental radiography are important tasks for forensic and biomedical applications. This paper proposed a novel method of classification and numbering on posterior dental radiography using Decimation-Free Directional Filter Bank (DDFB) and mesiodistal neck detection. The method was started by a segmentation method for decomposing dental image into directional images using DDFB. Detection of mesiodistal neck tooth separated the crown and the root of teeth. Finally we used support vector machine for classification and numbering. The experimental results achieved a classification accuracy rate of 91%. It approved the robustness of the proposed method for solving the problem of dental classification and numbering.

N-butanol olfactory threshold and nasal patency before and after palatal expansion in children. A preliminary study

ObjectivesOlfaction is based on the function of the nasal olfactory receptors. Children can well detect and respond to odors in order to have information about food and environment.Rapid maxillary expansion seems to improve dental class and increase nasal patency correcting oral respiration in children. Nevertheless, there are no studies demonstrating that expansion in pediatric patients could influence olfactory sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate olfactory threshold and nasal patency in children aged from 6 to 12 years before and after rapid maxillary expansion. MethodN-butanol olfactory thresholds, anterior active rhinomanometry, and peak nasal inspiratory flow were measured in 12 children (6–12 years) before (T0), 20 days (T1), and 6 months after rapid maxillary expansion application (T2). ResultsA significant lower olfactory threshold was found comparing T2 and T0 N-butanol olfactory threshold values (p=0.038). Peak nasal inspiratory flow showed a significant improvement both at T1 and T2, with respect to T0 values (p=0.043 and p=0.0001, respectively). T2 nasal resistances showed a trend towards a significant reduction when compared with T1 values (p=0.15). ConclusionThis pilot study suggested that rapid maxillary expansion may lead to improved N-butanol olfactory thresholds, at least 6 months after palatal expansion. Furthermore, rapid maxillary expansion seems to improve peak nasal inspiratory flow values, and finally although with lower sensitivity, reduce nasal resistances as measured by rhinomanometry.

Dental arches dimensions, forms and its association to facial types in a sample of Iraqi adults with skeletal and dental class II-division 1 and class III malocclusion(A cross sectional study)

Background: The association between facial types and dental arches forms has considerable implications in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim was to establish the maxillary and mandibular dental arches width and length in skeletal and dental class II division 1 and class III malocclusion groups, find out the most frequent dental arch form and facial type and the association between them and to check the gender differences. Materials and Methods: Frontal and lateral facial photographs and maxillary and mandibular occlussal photographs for 90 iraqi subjects with age 18-25 years old (45 males and 45 females) divided equally into three groups, the 1st group with class II division 1malocclusion (overjet more than 3mm but less than or equal to 6mm), the 2nd group with class II division 1malocclusion (overjet more than 6mm) while the 3rd group with class III malocclusion (edge to edge or reverse overjet).Six linear measurements for each maxillary and mandibular dental cast photographs and two liner measurements for frontal and profile facial photographs was analyzed with (AUTO CAD 2013), which simplified the analyzing process and reduced the time and effort spent on taking measurements directly from the records to facilitate work and to gain more accurate results. Results: All the mean value of dental arches and facial measurements were higher in male than female, the most frequent maxillary and mandibular dental arch form in the three groups was the mid arch form follow by the narrow then the wide arch form except in the mandibular dental arch of the 3rd group it follow by the wide then the narrow arch form.The most frequent facial type in the 1st group is the Mesoprosopic one,followed by the Leptoprosopic then the Euryprosopic face type while in the 2nd and 3rd group the most frequent facial type is the Leptoprosopic, follow by the Mesoprosopic then the Euryprosopic facial type. An association was found between mid arch form and the Mesoprosopic face type in the 1st group, while no clear association was found between dental arch form and facial type in the 2nd and 3rd group for both genders. Conclusions: It was concluded that there was an association between facial type and dental arch form in subject with class II division 1malocclusion (overjet not more than 6mm), while in subject with class II division 1malocclusion (overjet more than 6mm) or with class III malocclusion (edge to edge or reverse overjet) no clear association was found between dental arch form and facial type.

Dental Arches Dimensions , Forms and Its Association to Facial Types in a Sample of Iraqi Adults with Skeletal and Dental Class II - Division 1 and Class III Malocclusion : A Cross Sectional Study

Dental Arches Dimensions , Forms and Its Association to Facial Types in a Sample of Iraqi Adults with Skeletal and Dental Class II - Division 1 and Class III Malocclusion : A Cross Sectional Study

Dental Class III Camouflage Treatment Using Miniscrew Anchorage

ABSTRACT In this case report, the treatment of a moderate Class III malocclusion by miniscrews is presented. A 17-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of crowding had Class III dental relationship. Cephalometric analysis demonstrated a Class II skeletal relationship with a high angle vertical pattern. The aim was to correct the skeletal and dental relationships with orthognathic surgery; however, the patient refused the operation. So it was decided to perform camouflage treatment, which consisted of lower posterior stripping and uprighting of the same teeth by the help of miniscrews placed into the interdental spaces between the mandibular first and second molars. At the end of the treatment, Class I molar and canine relationships were achieved, and the crowding was eliminated. The patient's profile was not negatively affected. The outcome was stable after 1 year of retention. This case report shows that miniscrew anchorage successfully aided in the correction of a dental Class III malocclusion ...

Facial Profile Characteristics Evaluation in a Population of Central Romania Region

Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the variables that define the facial profile of a sample of the population in the centre of Romania, and to compare male’s and female’s soft tissue profile. These values could be useful in elaborating the aesthetic objectives for treating the population in this area. Material and methods: Fifty subjects were included in the study - patients and students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureș (29 females and 21 males) between 18 to 28 years of age, having dental class I and a balanced profile. The photographs were taken in the natural head position (NHP). The anthropometric points were recorded and four of the angles that characterize a harmonious profile were traced and measured: the nasofrontal angle (G-N-Nd), the nasolabial angle (Cm-Sn-Ls), the mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg), and the facial angle (G-Sn-Pg). Results: The values obtained for the two sexes were compared using the t-student test. All angles had values that were larger for females (nasofrontal: females 137.1 degrees, males 135.79 degrees, p = 0.0019; nasolabial: females 105.3 degrees, males 102.19 degrees, p = 0.00002; mentolabial angle: females 126.07 degrees, males 118.27 degrees, p = 0.000009; facial angle: females 170.32 degrees, males 168.85 degrees, p = 0.0033). Conclusions: Differences between the two sexes were obtained, all angles were statistically significant larger in females. These results show that for the population in the centre of Romania the treatment objectives are different for females and for males. The angular values range between those that characterize the Caucasian population.

Temporary anchorage device usage: a survey among Swiss orthodontists.

BackgroundThe aim of the survey was to obtain information on the treatment plan preferences, mechanics and characteristics of temporary anchorage device (TAD) application using a single case presented to orthodontists in Switzerland.MethodsA structured questionnaire to be completed by all study participants with case-specific (treatment plan including mechanics and TAD usage) and general questions (general fixed appliance and TAD usage as well as professional, educational and demographic questions) together with an orthodontic borderline case was utilised. The case was a female adult with dental Class II/2, deep bite and maxillary anterior crowing, who had been treated in childhood with extraction of four premolars and fixed appliance followed by wisdom tooth extraction.ResultsThe response rate was 24.4% (108 out of 443). The majority (96.3%, 104) proposed comprehensive treatment, while 3.7% (4) planned only alignment of maxillary teeth. 8.3% (9) included a surgical approach in their treatment plan. An additional 0.9% (1) combined the surgical approach with Class II mechanics. 75.1% (81) decided on distalization on the maxilla using TADs, 7.4% (8) planned various types of Class II appliances and 3.7% (4) combined distalization using TADs or headgear with Class II appliances and surgery. Palatal implants were the most popular choice (70.6%, 60), followed by mini-screws (22.4%, 19) and mini-plates on the infrazygomatic crests (7.0%, 6). The preferred site of TAD insertion showed more variation in sagittal than in transversal dimension, and the median size of mini-screws used was 10.0-mm long (interquartile range (IQR) 2.3 mm) and 2.0-mm wide (IQR 0.3 mm).ConclusionsDistalization against palatal implants and then distalization against mini-screws were the most popular treatment plans. Preferred site for TAD insertion varied depending on type and size but varied more widely in the sagittal than in the transversal dimension.

Amelogenesis imperfecta and anterior open bite: Etiological, classification, clinical and management interrelationships

Although amelogenesis imperfecta is not a common dental pathological condition, its etiological, classification, clinical and management aspects have been addressed extensively in the scientific literature. Of special clinical consideration is the frequent co-existence of amelogenesis imperfecta with the anterior open bite. This paper provides an updated review on amelogenesis imperfecta as well as anterior open bite, in general, and documents the association of these two separate entities, in particular. Diagnosis and treatment of amelogenesis imperfecta patients presenting also with anterior open bite require a lengthy, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, which should aim to successfully address all dental, occlusal, developmental, skeletal and soft tissue problems associated with these two serious clinical conditions.

Class II division 1 malocclusions treated with fixed lingual mandibular growth modificator (FLMGM): The mechanism of sagittal occlusal correction

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess skeletal and dental changes contributing to sagittal correction of Class II malocclusion with fixed lingual mandibular growth modificator (FLMGM). Materials and Methods: A total of 38 patients with dental Class II division 1 malocclusion and retrognathic mandible comprised the study sample. All were in the pubertal growth spurt. While FLMGM was applied to the treatment group ( n = 21, 13.2 years), no treatment was performed on the control group ( n = 17, 12.5 years). Digital lateral cephalograms obtained at the beginning and end of treatment/observation period of 8 months were evaluated using sagittal occlusal analysis. Paired and independent t -tests were used to assess the differences within and between groups. Results: Fixed lingual mandibular growth modificator treatment resulted in the following significant changes: (1) Total mandibular length increased; (2) sagittal jaw relation enhanced due to chin advancement; (3) overjet reduced (4.06 mm) mainly as a result of skeletal mandibular advancement (83%) in combination with maxillary incisor retraction (17%); (4) Class II molar relation improved (5.56 mm) by a contribution of mandibular advancement (61%) and maxillary molar distalization (39%). Conclusions: Sagittal occlusal relationships efficiently improved by greater skeletal than dental changes. Stable horizontal position of lower molars and incisors was a benefit of FLMGM treatment.

Comparison between an Acrylic Splint Herbst and an Acrylic Splint Miniscrew-Herbst for Mandibular Incisors Proclination Control.

Aim. The aim of this study is to compare dental and skeletal effects produced by an acrylic splint Herbst with and without skeletal anchorage for correction of dental class II malocclusion. Methods. The test group was formed by 14 patients that were treated with an acrylic splint miniscrew-Herbst; miniscrews were placed between mandibular second premolars and first molars; controls also consisted of 14 subjects that were treated with an acrylic splint Herbst and no miniscrews. Cephalometric measurements before and after Herbst treatment were compared. The value of α for significance was set at 0.05. Results. All subjects from both groups were successfully treated to a bilateral Class I relationship; mean treatment time was 8,1 months in the test group and 7.8 in the controls. Several variables did not have a statistical significant difference between the two groups. Some of the variables, instead, presented a significant difference such as incisor flaring, mandibular bone base position, and skeletal discrepancy. Conclusions. This study showed that the Herbst appliance associated to miniscrews allowed a better control of the incisor flaring with a greater mandibular skeletal effect.

Evaluation Of Dentofacial Changes Caused With Sabbagh Universal Spring In Mandibular Retrognathic Patients: A Pilot Study

This pilot study was done to evaluate the dentofacial changes induced by the sabbagh universal spring (sus2) used in mandibular retrognathic patients. The study was carried out on 54 lateral cephalometric radiograms taken before placement and after removal of sus2 in the treatment group and at the beginning and six months after in the control group. The patient selection criteria were as follows: skeletal and dental class ii malocclusion due to retrognathic mandible, normal or low-angle growth pattern, post-peak growth period and no extracted or congenitally missing permanent teeth. The statistical evaluation of the data suggested the following results: no significant sagittal and vertical skeletal changes were observed. The slight retrusion and extrusion of the maxillary incisors as well as the distinct protrusion and intrusion of mandibular incisors were found to be statistically significant. The occlusal plane rotated in clockwise direction as a result of these dentoalveolar changes. Overbite and overjet were reduced significantly in all patients. The changes related to soft tissue profile were limited. The correction of class ii malocclusion by sus² appliance in late-adolescence was achieved by only dentoalveolar changes. Thus, it can be an acceptable substitute to class ii elastics for noncompliant patients.

Early interceptive treatment in the primary dentition – a case report

This article describes treatment of a patient presenting with a class II malocclusion, maxillary and mandibular crowding, posterior crossbite and an increased deep bite, where the specific treatment goals were achieved in the early mixed dentition by only working on the primary teeth. A Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliance was modified to be anchored on the primary second molars and canines and activated once a day, with each activation equal to 0.20 mm. The appliance was blocked after 30 days and left as a retainer. After 6 months, the RME appliance was removed and bands were cemented to the primary second molars in order to apply traction with headgear. After complete eruption of the mandibular central and lateral incisors, sequential slicing of the lower primary teeth was performed to transfer the leeway space from the distal to the mesial part of the arch. When the patient had entered the permanent dentition, a dental class I relationship was achieved, the crossbite corrected and the crowding improved. The overjet and overbite were also improved. No permanent teeth were involved during this phase of treatment. The outcome of this case report shows that it is possible to work only on primary teeth in the mixed dentition and this can be an effective way to correct a class II malocclusion with deep bite, posterior crossbite and maxillary and mandibular crowding.

Periodontally Accelerated Molar Distalization With Miniscrew Assisted Memory Screw: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the treatment effects of a miniscrew assisted memory screw system supported by piezoincision for the noncompliance molar distalization of maxillary first molars in patients with Class II malocclusion. Materials and Method: Nine subjects with skeletal Class I dental Class II malocclusion were treated. An anchorage unit was prepared using two miniscrew that were placed just behind a line connecting the first premolars at the mesial contact point. The memory expansion screw (500 g), and two miniscrews placed parallel to the occlusal plane provided stable, 4-point support for the appliance. Piezoincision was performed immediately after the appliance as cemented. Four midlevel incisions were made under local anesthesia between the roots of the teeth on the buccal side of the maxillary alveolar bone from the mesial first premolar to the second molar. A 3-mm piezoelectrical corticotomy was then performed by inserting the tip of Piezotome into each of these openings. Screw activatio...

Modified tandem traction bow appliance compared with facemask therapy in treating Class III malocclusions

To compare the effects of the modified tandem traction bow appliance (MTTBA) and the facemask in treating patients with Class III malocclusion. The material consisted of the pre-post treatment\pre-post observation lateral cephalograms of 65 subjects with skeletal and dental Class III malocclusion. In the first group 21 patients (mean age: 10 years, 6 months) were treated with a Delaire-type facemask (FM). In the second group 22 patients treated (mean age: 10 years) with MTTBA. The remaining 22 children (mean age: 9 years, 7 months) were observed without treatment for 11 months. Increase in SNA, N-FH ⊥ A, and ANB angles were significantly greater in the treatment groups compared to the control group. However, ANB angle showed a significantly greater increase in the FM group (2.8 ± 0.30°) than in the MTTBA group (2.0 ± 0.18°). The overjet and molar relation increased significantly in both treatment groups, but in the FM group (5.2 ± 0.40 mm) increase in overjet was significantly greater than in the MTTBA group (4.0 ± 0.27 mm). Mesial movement of upper molar and incisor were found to be greater in the FM group compared to the modified TTBA group. Both appliances were found to be effective in the treatment of Class III malocclusion. Their skeletal and dental effects showed differences due to their design.

Short- and Long-Term Evaluation of a Condylar Hyperplasia: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Objective: This case report presents the diagnosis and short- and long-term treatment results of an orthodontically and surgically treated patient with condylar hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: Condylar hyperplasia was diagnosed in an 18-year-old patient. In the clinical and radiologic examination, asymmetrical face, overdevelopment of the head and lengthening of the neck of the right condyle, deviation of the menton to the opposite side, temporomandibular joint pain, occlusal canting, slight open bite in the affected side, and an impacted upper right premolar were detected. Technetium-99 radioisotope scanning was made in 6-month intervals, and surgery was planned and performed. Changes were measured on the cephalograms taken at the beginning of orthodontic treatment, before and after surgery, at the end of fixed treatment, and in 4 years 6 months follow-up period. Results: Skeletal and dental Class I relationship was established and the profile improved. Slight increase of the vertical dimens...

From Digital Native to Health Care Professional: Concerns and Challenges

When I was recently preparing my welcoming address for our incoming dental class—the Class of 2017, I noted that the average age of the class is twenty-four, which meant most of them were born in 1989. In telling the class about important events in 1989, I mentioned that the World Wide Web as we

European College of Orthodontics

Date of birth: 26/08/1994; sex: male. A. (01/2006; 11 years 4 months). Skeletal and dental Class I combined with narrow maxillary dental base and anterior open bite in a normal face pattern and short face typology. Maxillary disjunction, then bimaxillary multi-bracket appliance and speech therapy. B. POST-TREATMENT RECORDS: (07/2008; 13 years 10 months). Lingual archwire bonded from 33 to 43 with tooth positioner then Hawley maxillary retainer at night. C. POST-RETENTION RECORDS: (11/2009; 15 years 3 months).

Baseline Tongue Parameters in Normodivergent Skeletal Class I South Indian Subjects

Aims and objectives: A thorough knowledge about dimensions, volume and position of tongue is important during diagnosis and treatment of malocclusion. This study was aimed at providing a baseline data for dimensions and position of tongue in skeletal and dental Class I relationship. Materials and methods: Data regarding tongue length, height and position of tongue was obtained from records of healthy normodivergent South Indian adult patients with skeletal and dental Class I relationship (30 males and 30 females). Mean and standard deviation was done using t- test. Sexual differentiation was tested using student t-test. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the parameters with other reported studies. Levene's test for equality of variance and t-test for equality of means was also done. Results: Average tongue length was 73.16 mm for males and 70.72 mm for females. Average tongue height was 36.92 mm for males and 35 mm for females. In male, tongue was positioned 8.04 mm away from palate and 13.04 mm away from the posterior pharyngeal wall whereas in female, it was positioned 7.92 mm away from palate and 15.64 mm away from the posterior pharyngeal wall. Conclusion: No statistically significant difference in tongue length and height was found between males and females. Additionally, it was observed that in females, the tongue was situated more anteriorly and occupied a higher position in the palatal dome as compared to males. Results of this study will help in understanding the role of tongue in etiology of malocclusion and its application in orthodontics.

Skeletal class III malocclusion treated using a non-surgical approach supplemented with mini-implants: a case report

We describe a 28-year-old man who sought orthodontic treatment complaining about the esthetics of his smile and difficulties associated with masticatory function. The patient had a straight facial profile, skeletal and dental class III relationship, anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. He refused orthognathic surgery and was therefore treated with camouflage orthodontics supplemented with the placement of one mini-implant in each side of the mandible to facilitate movement of the lower dentition distally, tooth-by-tooth. At the end of treatment, a class I molar relationship was obtained, with an ideal overjet and overbite and excellent intercuspation. Furthermore, the open bite and crossbite were corrected. Analysis 2 years after treatment revealed good stability of treatment outcome.

Three dimensional evaluation of upper airway volume in children with different dental and skeletal malocclusions

Objective: The objectives of this retrospective study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were to determine if there are differences in the volume of various upper airway segments and the most constricted area (MCA) of children with different dental and skeletal patterns. Methods : The initial CBCTs of 83 orthodontic patients (Angle’s Class I [n = 30]; Class II [n = 26]; and Class III [n = 27]) were collected from a private orthodontic office. Following reliability studies, various parameters of the craniofacial complex, airway volume, and MCA were measured utilizing Dolphin three-dimensional (3D) software. Comparisons among three dental and three skeletal malocclusions were performed using one-way ANOVA and Fishers Protected Least Significant. Associations of the airway volumes and the MCA with other parameters were determined using correlation coefficients, accepting p < 0.05 as significant for all tests. Results : Maxillary right sinus volume was the only airway segment showing significant difference among different dental classes. Maxillary sinus volume also correlated moderately with anterior facial height and mandibular length. No significant differences were found between the MCA and different dentoskeletal classifications. Conclusions : The only significant difference in airway parameters among the dental and skeletal malocclusions was that the dental Class II subjects had greater sinus volume than the other malocclusions. Shorter anterior facial height or mandibular length could be indicators for decreased airway volume in the sinus.