Dental Ceramic Materials Research Articles

Research on Textured Polishing Wheel (TPW) patterns for polishing dental ceramic materials in anhydrous environments

Abstract Dental ceramics commonly utilize high-hardness fused silica materials for the fabrication of inlays, crowns, and artificial dental implants, with their processing efficiency and surface roughness (Ra) directly influencing manufacturing costs and product quality. This study presents the development of a Textured Polishing Wheel (TPW) featuring three distinct surface patterns (spiral, linear, and radial), achieved through single-point diamond and pulsed laser processing techniques. It investigates the effects of these patterns on the removal rate and surface roughness (Ra) of dental ceramics during the polishing process. Results indicate that while TPW demonstrates comparable material removal depth to non-textured polishing wheels, it marginally increases surface roughness (Ra). Moreover, TPW significantly reduces burning and wear on the wheel surface during polishing. Pulsed laser ablation of TPW leads to further improvement in surface roughness, thereby enhancing the processing of dental ceramics. Experimental findings highlight the superior performance of spiral TPW, achieving a material removal rate of 4.2 μm/h and a surface roughness (Ra) of approximately 2.2 nm , thus meeting the manufacturing and functional requirements of dental ceramics.

A Survey of Preferences for Ceramic Materials on Tooth-Supported Crowns Among Dental Practitioners in Chile.

Purpose: To evaluate the preferences of dental practitioners for tooth-supported crowns dental ceramics by means of an online survey and to assess the influence of age, gender, years of experience, and dental specialty on those preferences. Materials and Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was delivered online through Google Surveys, targeting 796 dentists. It contained 17 dichotomous, closed questions with two sections. The first section dealt with general characteristics, including age, gender, years of experience, training in prosthodontics, and hours worked per week. The second section included questions regarding preferences of different materials for crowns, and the use of digital workflows. Analyses were carried out with Stata 14.0 software (StataCorp, TX, USA). A significance level of p=0.05 was adopted. Results: 248 surveys were answered. Practitioners in Chile preferred lithium disilicate for the anterior region (55.2%) but also for the posterior area (40.7%), regardless of their age, gender, years since graduation, hours worked per week or any training in prosthodontics. Chilean dentists over 50 years old considered zirconia almost 4 times more than those under 30 years old for anterior crowns (51.85%). 59.68% of dentists take digital impressions, and 37.10% have access to chairside CAD/CAM technology. In this group, 54.4% preferred feldspathic ceramic for anterior and 23.9% for posterior crowns. Conclusions: While there is a wide range of dental ceramic materials, these results provide a snapshot of the current trends in Chile where lithium disilicate is the most preferred ceramic material for tooth-supported crowns, and metal-ceramic is the least preferred material.

Electrochemical responses and surface degradation analyses alumina and feldspar dental materials in acidic environments: A comprehensive in vitro study

This in vitro study examines the electrochemical responses and surface degradation of alumina and feldspar dental ceramic materials in acidic environments using cyclic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Alumina and feldspar demonstrate balanced responses in both Fusayama Artificial Saliva and acidic solutions, indicating effective passivation. SEM/EDX analyses after 168-h immersion reveal significant elemental variations, suggesting complex surface phenomena and chemical reactions leading to oxide layer formation. Alumina exhibits increased Si, O, Al, Na, K, and C counts, while feldspar shows increased Si, O, Al, Na with reduced C and Ca levels, indicating complex reactions. Immersion induces notable elemental composition modifications, with alumina showing remarkable corrosion resistance and feldspar undergoing selective dissolution. This study provides insights into the electrochemical and surface degradation of these materials, emphasizing long-term stability and the need for continuous monitoring of protective layer dynamics in future research on corrosion-resistant dental biomaterials.

The radioactivity levels and beta dose rate assessment from dental ceramic materials in Egypt

There is a lack of available data on the radioactivity levels of these materials, despite the potential risks they may pose to patients, dental technicians, and dentists. A total of forty samples were collected from different dental markets in Egypt. Using an NaI(Tl) detector, the gamma-ray spectrometer measured the activity levels of uranium-238, radium-226, thorium-232, and potassium-40. The findings revealed that the mean concentration of 238U (below the minimum detectable activity, MDA), 226Ra (135 ± 5 and 132 ± 5 Bq/kg), 232Th (187 ± 4 and 243 ± 8 Bq/kg), and 40K (1560 ± 52 and 2501 ± 89 Bq/kg) in feldspar and zirconia (ZrO2) dental ceramic samples, respectively, were all within the limits established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the European Commission (EC). The use of feldspar and zirconia dental ceramics to restore all teeth would result in an estimated maximum beta dose of 1.5 mGy/year to the oral tissue. The results suggest that there is no cause for concern regarding any additional beta dose to the oral cavity from the use of feldspar and zirconia dental ceramics.

Effect of Thermal Cycling or Simulated Gastric Acid on the Surface Characteristics of Dental Ceramic Materials

(1) Background: The presence of various dental ceramic materials with different chemical compositions complicates clinicians’ decision making, especially in cases with a highly acidic environment appearing in patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease or other eating disorders. Thermal alterations in the oral cavity can also affect surface structure and roughness, resulting in variations in both degradation mechanisms and/or bacteria adhesion. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of thermal cycling and exposure to simulated gastric acid on the surface roughness of different ceramics; (2) Methods: Five groups of different ceramics were utilized, and twenty specimens were fabricated for each group. Specimens were either thermocycled for 10,000 cycles in distilled water or immersed in simulated gastric acid for 91 h. The evaluation of surface roughness was performed with optical profilometry, while scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy were also performed; (4) Conclusions: Based on the combination of the surface roughness profile and structural integrity, zirconia specimens presented the smallest changes after immersion in simulated gastric acid followed by lithium disilicate materials. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic presented the most notable changes in microstructure and roughness after both treatments.

A Bilayer Method for Measuring Toughness and Strength of Dental Ceramics

The ever-increasing usage of ceramic materials in restorative dentistry necessitates a simple and effective method to evaluate flexural strength σF and fracture toughness KC. We propose a novel method to determine these quantities using a bilayer specimen composed of a brittle plate adhesively bonded onto a transparent polycarbonate substrate. When this bilayer structure is placed under spherical indentation, tunneling radial cracks initiate and propagate in the lower surface of the brittle layer. The failure analysis is based on previous theoretical relationships, which correlate σF with the indentation force P and layer thickness d, and KC with P and mean length of radial cracks. This work examines the accuracy and limitations of this approach using a wide range of contemporary dental ceramic materials. The effect of layer thickness, indenter radius, load level, and length and number of radial cracks are carefully examined. The accuracy of the predicted σF and KC is similar to those obtained with other concurrent test methods, such as biaxial flexure and 3-point bending (σF), and bending specimens with crack-initiation flaws (KC). The benefits of the present approach include treatment for small and thin plates, elimination of the need to introduce a precrack, and avoidance of dealing with local material nonlinearity effects for the KC measurements. Finally, the bilayer configuration resembles occlusal loading of a ceramic restoration (brittle layer) bonded to a posterior tooth (compliant substrate).

Керамика на основе сложнооксидного твердого раствора диоксида циркония в тетрагональной форме для ортопедической стоматологии

The paper deals with physical and mechanical properties of ceramic material containing complex oxide solid solution Zr1–n[YbNd]nO2 and corundum microfase, taking into account aesthetic and strength requirements of clinical practice of prosthetic dentistry. It has been shown that the developed ceramic has a static bending strength of 850 MPa and according to the international standard ISO 6872:2015 “Dentistry – Ceramic materials” belongs to the 4th and 5th class of dental ceramic materials. This makes it possible to use it for the manufacture of not only single crowns, but also four-units dentures of any localization and any type of fixation. The developed ceramics meet the requirements of prosthetic dentistry and color characteristics, have high opacity, which makes it possible to mask the color of supporting structures.

Investigation of mechanical properties and low-temperature degradation of dental 3Y-TZP ceramics fabricated by stereolithography in combination with microwave sintering

The purpose of this study was to obtain dental ceramic materials with excellent mechanical properties and high resistance to low temperature degradation (LTD) via stereolithography (SLA) in combination with microwave sintering (MWS). The results have shown that the unaged MWS-1425 °C 3Y-TZP ceramics with uniform microstructure have high density up to 99.04% and excellent mechanical properties (Vickers hardness 14.07 GPa, fracture toughness 4.32 MPa m1/2, flexural strength 947.87 MPa). After 50 h of LTD, the m-phase content of MWS 3Y-TZP ceramics accounts for only 10.3%. In addition, the surface roughness increases by only 1.3 nm, the degraded depth is less than 5 μm, and the flexural strength exceeds 900 MPa. This exhibits the high resistance to LTD and excellent mechanical properties of dental 3Y-TZP ceramics can be obtained.

Preparation and properties of ternary rare earth co-stabilized zirconia ceramics for dental restorations

High fracture toughness and excellent hydrothermal aging resistance are the characteristics required for dental ceramic materials, but the widely used dental ceramic currently (3Y-TZP) does not exhibit. Aiming to solve this problem, a ternary rare earth co-stable zirconia ceramic (1.5Y5.5Ce0.3La-ZrO2) was prepared by a coating method based on a co-doping strategy. The sintering process, densification evolution, mechanical properties, resistance to hydrothermal aging and biocompatibility of 1.5Y5.5Ce0.3La-ZrO2 ceramic were studied. The results show that 1200 °C is the best pre-sintering temperature, and the machinability and controllability of shrinkage can meet the needs. When the final sintering temperature is 1600 °C, it has the best performance. Compared with 3Y-TZP, the bending strength is about 8.7% higher (912.48 MPa), and the fracture toughness is about 76.6% higher (10.49 MPa m1/2). Furthermore, its resistance to hydrothermal aging is significantly enhanced, greatly extending the service life of the material. The biosafety of 1.5Y5.5Ce0.3La-ZrO2 ceramics was evaluated, and the results showed that the material had no cytotoxicity. To sum up, 1.5Y5.5Ce0.3La-ZrO2 ceramics is a promising dental biomaterial, which has a broad application prospect in oral restoration.

Effect of simulated gastric acid on aesthetical restorative CAD-CAM materials' microhardness and flexural strength.

Gastric acid, which is among erosive substances, gradually rises to the mouth in individuals with reflux and bulimia nervosa disorders, and this causes various effects on dental restorations. The objective of this study is in vitro investigation of gastric acid's effect on flexural strength and hardness on aesthetic restorative computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials. For this study, four materials have been used, namely Enamic (Vita), Superfect Zir (Aidite) Zirconia, IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent), and Mark II (Vita). From these four different materials, 24 samples with 14 × 4 × 1 dimensions in rectangular prism form are used, which makes a total of 96 samples. One group was separated as the control group, while the rest was allowed to wait at 37°C, 5 ml gastric acid for 96 hours. Hardness value and flexural strengths were measured as pre-exposure and post-exposure to gastric acid. There is a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the amount of decrease in the mean hardness after exposure to gastric acid compared to pre-exposure values (p: 0,000; P < 0,05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the amount of decrease in the post-exposure average flexural strength compared to the pre-exposure value (p: 0.063; P > 0.05). There is a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the average flexural strength after exposure to the acid. According to the data obtained, it was concluded that exposure to gastric acid affects the hardness and flexural strength properties of dental restorative ceramic materials.

Preparation and characterization of antibacterial and antiviral nano functional agent HXG-36-8

In this paper, a nano functional agent HXG-36-8 without harmful substances and radiation source was prepared. By means of SEM, XRD, EDS, XRF, eye irritation test, skin irritation test, acute oral toxicity test, antibacterial test and antiviral test, the micromorphology observation, phase structure analysis, composition analysis, biological toxicity test, antibacterial test and antiviral test were carried out. Hxg-36-8 has flake nanoscale microscopic morphology and crystal structure of wurtzite zinc oxide. It has no irritation to rabbit eyes and rabbit skin and is actually nontoxic. In addition, the antibacterial product prepared with HXG-36-8 as antibacterial agent has an antibacterial rate of 99.0% against Escherichia coli and an anti-novel coronavirus activity rate of over 98.87%. The results showed that the functional agent is safe, nontoxic, has good antibacterial and antiviral function, can be used in all kinds of products in contact with human body, including clothing, protective articles, dental ceramic materials, etc.

Evaluation of the Effect of Electronic Cigarette Devices/Vape on the Color of Dental Ceramics: An In Vitro Investigation.

The use of vaping or electronic cigarette devices (ECDs) has recently increased as an alternative to conventional tobacco smoking products. By recording the CIELAB coordinates (L*a*b*) and computing the total color difference (ΔE) values using a spectrophotometer, the effect of ECDs on contemporary aesthetic dental ceramics was investigated in this in-vitro study. A total of seventy-five (N = 75) specimens from five different (n = 15) dental ceramic materials (Pressable ceramics (PEmax); Pressed and layered ceramics (LEmax); Layered zirconia (LZr); Monolithic zirconia (MZr) and Porcelain fused to metal (PFM)) were prepared and exposed to aerosols produced by the ECDs. The color assessment was performed using a spectrophotometer at six time intervals (0 = baseline; 250-puff exposures; 500-puff exposures; 750-puff exposures; 1000-puff exposures; 1250-puff exposures; and 1500-puff exposures). By recording L*a*b* and computing total color difference (ΔE) values, the data were processed. A one-way ANOVA and Tukey procedure for pairwise comparisons were used to assess color differences between tested ceramics (p < 0.05). All test materials demonstrated significant color differences (ΔE) after exposure to vaping (p < 0.05). The LZr group displayed noticeably high ΔE values at all the distinct puff exposure intervals, with the highest ΔE value of (13.67) after 1500 puffs. The lowest (ΔE) values were observed in the PFM group after 250 and 500 puffs (0.85 and 0.97, respectively). With the exception of the group PEmax (p = 0.999), all groups produced readings of "ΔE" that indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) at various degrees of puff exposures. ECDs can noticeably alter the color of the dental ceramics affecting the esthetics of the patients. All the materials tested demonstrated significant color changes (ΔE > 3.33) above the clinically acceptable threshold, except for the PFM and PEmax group (ΔE < 3.33) which showed color stability after exposure to the ECDs.

Effect of White Light-Emitting Diode Illuminants Recommended by the CIE on Colors of Dental Ceramic Materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate color inconstancy of dental ceramics under the white light-emitting diode illuminants recently proposed by the CIE. From spectral reflectance factors of 18 dental ceramics (VST, NSP, and IEC; shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B2, and C2), the corresponding colors under illuminant D65 and CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer were computed for all samples, using the chromatic adaptation transform CIECAT16. CIEDE2000 color differences between dental ceramics illuminated by CIE D65 standard illuminant and different white LED illuminants were calculated. Perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (PT00 and AP00) in dental ceramics were used to analyze color changes. Color gamut size was within the same range for all illuminants and for all ceramics, since MCDM computed values were 4.1–4.4 for VST, 4.0–4.2 for NSP, and 4.3–4.6 for IEC. For all ceramics and shades, the color inconstancies were higher than 50:50% PT00 and, in general, lower than 50:50% AT00. The effect of CIE-proposed LED illuminants on dental ceramic is perceptible and slightly lower than on natural teeth. Dental clinicians should consider these lighting effects on the visual appearance of dental ceramics.

PEEK for Oral Applications: Recent Advances in Mechanical and Adhesive Properties.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a thermoplastic material widely used in engineering applications due to its good biomechanical properties and high temperature stability. Compared to traditional metal and ceramic dental materials, PEEK dental implants exhibit less stress shielding, thus better matching the mechanical properties of bone. As a promising medical material, PEEK can be used as implant abutments, removable and fixed prostheses, and maxillofacial prostheses. It can be blended with materials such as fibers and ceramics to improve its mechanical strength for better clinical dental applications. Compared to conventional pressed and CAD/CAM milling fabrication, 3D-printed PEEK exhibits excellent flexural and tensile strength and parameters such as printing temperature and speed can affect its mechanical properties. However, the bioinert nature of PEEK can make adhesive bonding difficult. The bond strength can be improved by roughening or introducing functional groups on the PEEK surface by sandblasting, acid etching, plasma treatment, laser treatment, and adhesive systems. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress on the mechanical properties of PEEK for dental applications in the context of specific applications, composites, and their preparation processes. In addition, the research on the adhesive properties of PEEK over the past few years is highlighted. Thus, this review aims to build a conceptual and practical toolkit for the study of the mechanical and adhesive properties of PEEK materials. More importantly, it provides a rationale and a general new basis for the application of PEEK in the dental field.

Adhesion of dental ceramic materials to titanium and titanium alloys: a review

Abstract In recent years, the application of titanium and its alloys for production of metal frameworks for metal–ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) has been increasing. They are fabricated mainly by casting, CAD/CAM milling and selective laser melting. Manufacturing technologies affect the surface characteristics of the metal, which in turn affects the adhesion in the metal–ceramic system. Therefore, the purpose of the present article is to analyse the information about the adhesion of dental ceramics to pure titanium and its alloys, emphasizing the methods most commonly applied to improve adhesion. Based on the papers published last 10 years, the pure titanium and its alloys, the main technologies for their production and the porcelains applied in the fabrication of metal–ceramic FPDs are examined. It is summarized that the methods for increasing the adhesion strength of the porcelains to the titanium and Ti alloys can be classified into five large groups: mechanical, physical, chemical methods, application of bonding agents and combined treatments, as clear boundaries between them cannot be set. In the last decade, the successful technologies for improving the adhesion strength of Ti and its alloys to the porcelain usually consist of a combination of successive treatments of the metal surface. Abrasion of the titanium surface by sandblasting is most often used initially. At the next stage, a bonding agent or other type of intermediate layer of different coatings is applied to the metal, which further improves the adhesion strength to the porcelain.

Selective Laser Melting-Sintering Technology: From Dental Co-Cr Alloys to Dental Ceramic Materials

The general term of CAD/CAM technology (i.e., Computer-Aided Design/Compute-Aided Manufacturing) comprises several aspects, such as subtractive manufacturing processes, like milling (soft and hard milling), and additive manufacturing processes, like Selective Laser Melting (SLM), which refers to metallic materials, or Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), which refers to glasses/glass-ceramics/ceramic, or polymeric, or related composite materials produced via powder metallurgy technique. In biomaterials fabrications, the first step in SLM or SLS technology is the digital design of the prosthetic restoration, whereby the patient's individual anatomical and morphological features are precisely described. Afterwards laser-aided melting or sintering is repeated (layer-by-layer) until the complete restoration item is fabricated. A wide range of dental materials can be produced by SLM or SLS technology, e.g., metals and alloys, thermoplastic polymers, glasses/ceramics, waxes, and thermoplastic composites. Thus, it is a promising technology for producing a variety of dental restorations, such as metal-ceramic restorations, all-ceramic restorations, maxillofacial prostheses, functional skeletons, individual scaffolds for tissue engineering, etc. SLM technology is already widely applied for fabricating metal objects for dental (e.g., Co-Cr alloy) and orthopedic prostheses. As a subsequence, in the last decade, researchers' interest has been shifted to SLS of ceramic powders, such as SiO2, Al2O3, SiO2/Al2O3, and ZrO2/Y2O3. This article comprehensively reviews the SLS process and its prospects for producing glasses/glass-ceramic/ceramic materials for biomedical/dental applications. The experimental results clearly show that this very modern additive manufacturing technology does not jeopardize the properties of the ceramic biomaterials' properties.

Wear and surface roughness of commercially available computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing dental ceramic materials

The study evaluated in vitro two-body wear and surface roughness of the recently introduced CAD/CAM dental materials. Pin-on-disk design was set against each other horizontally at a fixed distance with 5 kg (49 N) in distilled water. CAD/CAM materials used were: Feldspathic ceramic (Vitablocks Mark II), lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD), hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic) and zirconia-reinforced glass ceramic (Vita Suprinity PC). Wear evaluation before and after the chewing cycles were performed by two approaches: weight and vertical height measurements. The surface roughness of the tested materials was further evaluated after chewing cycles. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among the mean values of the materials’ vertical height loss and surface roughness (P &lt; 0.05). However, in weight loss, no statistical differences were observed. The highest vertical height loss was observed in feldspathic ceramic while the lowest vertical height loss was recorded in zirconia-reinforced glass ceramic. Feldspathetic ceramic demonstrated the least surface roughness among all the groups. Feldspathic ceramic had a significantly least wear resistance and surface roughness, while Zirconia reinforced glass ceramic (VITA Suprinity PC) had a significantly higher wear resistance and acceptable surface roughness among tested groups.

Electrical Properties of Two Types of Lithium-Based Glass Ceramics.

The dental ceramic materials are constantly being developed due to their continuous clinical application in the field of esthetic dentistry. Glass ceramics (GC) materials are also of special interest for dental application due to their specific properties; and thus, they can be applied as crowns, veneers and small bridges. However, due to a variety of different GC materials, it is of keen interest to inspect their morphology and ion-diffusion, which also governs aging properties. In this study, two different GC materials were processed, i.e., lithium silicate (LS-10) and lithium disilicate (LS-20). The aforementioned properties can be inspected by using impedance spectroscopy (IS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM study suggested that LS-10 material is harder to mechanically process by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. Furthermore, IS measurements showed that LS-20 (vs. LS-10) has more pronounced resistance properties. According to IS data, it was concluded that LS-20 (vs. LS-10) has more pronounced resistance properties that point out to hindered ion-diffusion and to better aging properties.

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Hybrid Polymer-HA/BAG Ceramic Dental Materials

The aim of this study is to prepare hybrid polymer–ceramic dental materials for chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications. The hybrid polymer–ceramic materials were fabricated via infiltrating polymerizable monomer mixtures into sintered hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass (HA/BAG) ceramic blocks and thermo-curing. The microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy and an energy-dispersive spectrometer. The phase structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The composition ratio was analyzed by a thermogravimetric analyzer. The hardness was measured by a Vickers hardness tester. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength were measured and calculated by a universal testing machine. The growth of human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the sintering temperature and BAG content affected the mechanical properties of the hybrid polymer–ceramic materials. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that high-temperature sintering promoted the partial conversion of HA to β-tricalcium phosphate. The values of the hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength of all the hybrid polymer–ceramic materials were 0.89–3.51 GPa, 57.61–118.05 MPa, 20.26–39.77 GPa, and 60.36–390.46 MPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the hybrid polymer–ceramic materials were similar to natural teeth. As a trade-off between flexural strength and hardness, hybrid polymer–ceramic material with 20 wt.% BAG sintered at 1000 °C was the best material. In vitro experiments confirmed the biocompatibility of the hybrid polymer–ceramic material. Therefore, the hybrid polymer–ceramic material is expected to become a new type of dental restoration material.

Effect of Miswak Derivatives on Color Changes and Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufactured (CAD/CAM) Dental Ceramic Materials.

BackgroundMiswak is a form of chewing stick used to clean teeth in different parts of the world, including Saudi Arabia. We present a description of the effects of miswak derivatives, namely toothpaste, mouthwash, and brushing sticks, on the mean color changes (ΔE00), compressive fracture resistance values, and fracture modes of polymer-based computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufactured (CAM) prosthetic materials.Material/MethodsEighty-one rectangular-shaped samples were prepared from lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity), and monochromatic tooth-colored feldspar (Vitablocs Mark II) CAD/CAM ceramics. The color parameters were recorded using spectrophotometer before and after exposing the specimens to the different miswak oral hygiene derivatives for 15 days. Compressive fracture resistance values and fracture types were also assessed, and statistical analysis was performed.ResultsVita Suprinity and Vitablocs Mark II miswak sticks had the highest ΔE00 values. Moreover, miswak mouthwash had the lowest ΔE00 values, with significant differences among groups. IPS e.max CAD miswak sticks had the highest mean values of compressive fracture. Vitablocs Mark II had the lowest values for mouthwash and toothpaste. Significant differences were found within the IPS e.max CAD group. Reparable fractures were found in IPS e.max CAD, while semi-reparable fractures were seen in other groups.ConclusionsMost ΔE00 values were within the acceptable clinical range, with IPS e.max CAD showing superior color stability. The mouthwash group showed minimal ΔE00. IPS e.max CAD had the highest mean compressive fracture resistance values with reparable fracture types.