Dental Brushing Research Articles

Hexagonal Phase of CdS Thin Films Obtained by Oscillating Chemical Bath

Cadmium sulfide thin films were deposited in an oscillating chemical bath using a Teflon vane connected to an electrical dental brush oscillating at . The range of the bath temperature was from 65 to in intervals of and different deposition times. By this agitation technique we obtained films with a highly oriented hexagonal structure (α-greenockite) in the (002) direction as measured by X-ray diffraction patterns. Images of atomic force microscopy and stoichiometry values obtained by energy-dispersive analysis by X-ray confirm the good quality of deposited films. High stoichiometry on the films was measured by elemental analysis with variations less than 3.5% in all samples. The mean value of the gap energy was about , a close value for these films.

Effect of Polishing Technique and Brushing on Surface Roughness of Acrylic Resins

This study evaluated the abrasion resistance of acrylic resin to routine dental brushing procedures using different dentifrices after the resin surface had been chemically or mechanically polished. Eighty specimens were prepared using heat-polymerizing (HP) and autopolymerizing (AP) acrylic resin, and immediately submitted to grinding with abrasive stones and disks. The specimens were divided into two groups: the first group was mechanically polished (MP) using pumice slurry, and the second group was chemically polished (CP) using heated monomer. After polishing, the specimens were submitted to 30,000 brushing cycles. Surface roughness was measured after polishing and brushing procedures, using a Surfcorder SE 1700 rugosimeter. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA (alpha= 0.05). There were significant differences in surface roughness between polishing with MP and CP (p < 0.05). Significant differences in surface roughness were also found between brushing with MFP dentifrice and Tartar Control dentifrice (p < 0.05). MP produced smoother surfaces than CP, and surface roughness as a result of polishing technique was not influenced by acrylic resin type. Even though MP resulted in smoother surfaces initially, subjecting the acrylic resin to dentifrice brushing negated this advantage.

Polymerase chain reaction-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in the evaluation of oral microbiota

Clinical evaluation of oral microbial reduction after a standard prophylactic treatment has traditionally been based on bacterial cultivation methods. However, not all microbes in saliva or dental plaque can be cultivated. Polymerase chain reaction-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) is a cultivation-independent molecular fingerprinting technique that allows the assessment of the predominant bacterial species present in the oral cavity. This study sought to evaluate the oral microbial changes that occurred after a standard prophylactic treatment with a conventional oral care product using PCR-DGGE. Twelve healthy adults participated in the study. Pooled plaque samples were collected at baseline, 24 h after prophylaxis (T1), and 4 days after toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste (T4). The total microbial genomic DNA of the plaque was isolated. PCR was performed with a set of universal bacterial 16S rDNA primers. The PCR-amplified 16S rDNA fragments were separated by DGGE. The effects of the treatment and of dental brushing were assessed by comparing the PCR-DGGE fingerprinting profiles. The mean numbers of detected PCR amplicons were 22.3 +/- 6.1 for the baseline group, 13.0 +/- 3.1 for the T1 group, and 13.5 +/- 4.3 for the T4 group; the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The study also found a significant difference in the mean similarities of microbial profiles between the baseline and the treatment groups (P < 0.001). PCR-based DGGE has been shown to be an excellent means of rapidly and accurately assessing oral microbial changes in this clinical study.

Effect of professional cleaning and dental brushing with or without fluoridated dentifrice on enamel remineralization

An in situ evaluation of the potential rehardening effect of fluoridated and non-fluoridated toothpastes with or without air polishing was conducted. Ten volunteers, using acrylic palatal appliances containing two bovine enamel blocks with artificial carious lesions, took part in this study. Four times a day, after the main meals and at night, the volunteers, in a habitual way, brushed their natural teeth with the dentifrice indicated to the experimental design and after that the appliances were put again into the mouth. They were divided into 4 different groups: G1 - control - non-fluoridated dentifrice; G2 - fluoridated dentifrice; G3 - non-fluoridated dentifrice, but having a previous prophylaxis using air polishing; G4 - fluoridated dentifrice and previous air polishing. The effects of treatments on enamel rehardening were evaluated in the blocks that were assessed by surface microhardness, and the percentage of surface microhardness change (%reh) was calculated in relation to the baseline values. The results showed that %reh was higher in the groups with fluoridated dentifrice, and professional prophylaxis did not have an additional effect in the groups of fluoridated dentifrices (p<0.05). The data suggested that, in the absence of fluoride, removal of dental plaque helped to increase the process of enamel rehardening.

Assessment of different methods for diagnosing dental caries in epidemiological surveys

The aims of the study were: (i) to assess different clinical diagnostic methods of dental caries during epidemiological surveys; (ii) to determine which combinations of methods and diagnostic adjuncts show the best performances in epidemiological surveys when compared with examinations performed in a traditional dental setting (standard); (iii) to evaluate the influence of including noncavitated (NC) lesions in dental caries estimation. Forty 12-year-old children were divided into low and moderate caries prevalence groups. The individuals were submitted to 12 epidemiological examinations (in an outdoor setting), which combined three methods (blade, mirror and mirror + CPI (Community Periodontal Index) dental probe) with or without diagnostic adjuncts (previous dental brushing and dental drying). The last examination was performed in a traditional dental setting (standard examination). The unit of measure was the DMFS (decayed, missing and filled surfaces) index according to WHO criteria. The variance analysis, Dunnet's and Tukey's tests were applied. For the DMFS analysis, the visual/tactile method, with or without diagnostic adjuncts, was the best method for both groups, presenting a performance higher than 90% when compared with the standard examination, except for the examinations without previous dental brushing for the low caries prevalence group. Previous dental brushing was more relevant than dental drying (P = 0.0054). All of the epidemiological examinations underestimated the NC diagnosis even with the association of diagnostic adjuncts when compared with the standard examination. The visual-tactile (for both groups) and the visual (mirror) methods plus dental brushing (for the moderate group) are appropriate for diagnosing cavitated lesions, but not NC lesions.

Escova dental e dedeira na remoção da placa bacteriana dental em cães

A placa bacteriana é fator primário na formação de gengivite, cálculo dentário, halitose e doença periodontal. Objetivou-se avaliar a quantidade de placa bacteriana dental removida pela escova dental e dedeira. Foram utilizados 60 cães machos e fêmeas de diferentes raças, idade e peso, divididos em dois grupos. O índice Logan &amp; Boyce foi utilizados para quantificar a placa bacteriana antes e após a escovação. Observou-se diferença estatística (p&lt;0,05) na remoção da placa bacteriana antes e após escovação. Não houve diferença estatística (p&gt;0,05) entre a utilização da escova dental e a dedeira.

Influence of diagnostic adjuncts to the measurement of caries prevalence at different caries thresholds

To determine the influence of diagnostic adjuncts (dental brushing and drying) in dental caries diagnosis. To analyse the underestimation levels in epidemiological examinations when compared to traditional dental setting examinations. To evaluate the influence of including noncavitated (NC) carious lesions in the estimation of the disease. 51, 12-year-old children. Four epidemiological exams performed in an outdoor setting and one performed in a traditional dental setting (visual-tactile method associated or not with diagnostic adjuncts). DMFS (Decayed, Missing and Filled Surfaces) index, according to the WHO criteria. When compared to exams carried out in a traditional dental setting, the epidemiological examinations showed no significant statistical differences for the DMFS score (p>0.05), presenting underestimation levels lower than 10% (except for the low prevalence caries group in the WHO exam). For the DMFS, previous dental brushing was more relevant than previous dental drying, although drying was the most important resource for NC diagnosis (p<0.05). The visual/tactile method, with or without diagnostic adjuncts, can diagnose cavitated lesions efficiently, but not NC lesions. However, for the low caries prevalence group, the implementation of dental brushing prior to an exam could be suggested.

Preventive Oral Health Knowledge and Practice in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia

Three preventive measures which have been recommended by the American Dental Association include that adults should thoroughly brush and floss their teeth at least once a day and get regular oral health check-ups. The purpose of this study is to assess the oral health knowledge and behaviour pat- terns among the Saudi Arabian population. 500 subjects were asked to com- plete a questionnaire which addressed many questions on oral health. All re- spondents were above 18 years of age. Responses showed that 98.5% brushed their teeth regularly, 35.2% used dental floss, and 69.8% visited the dentist. About 27.6% of all respondents used all three preventive measures. Miswak was used by 49.2% of the respondents. The study also showed that television was the most frequently reported source of education for the public on dental hygiene (60.7%). Although 98.5% of respondents used a dental brush daily, only 27.6% of the sample used a combination of the three recommended pre- ventive measures. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a government based effort to reinforce knowledge and implementation on proper dental hygiene.

Buccal cell DNA analysis in premature and term neonates: screening for mutations of the complete coding region for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.

Traditionally, cystic fibrosis (CF) is diagnosed either by measuring sweat electrolyte levels or by screening for mutations using genomic DNA isolated from leucocytes. The aim of this work was to develop a modified fast and non-invasive tool for the collection of cell samples and the genetic analysis of the entire coding region for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in newborns, especially premature infants. Cell samples were taken by scraping the buccal mucus with tiny dental brushes, followed by DNA isolation and mutation analysis using SSCP-heteroduplex (single-strand conformation polymorphism) screening and sequencing. We have demonstrated that buccal cell DNA collected from premature and term newborns yields sufficient DNA (at least 60 ng) to perform a mutation screening of the complete CFTR coding region, independently of the patients' weight (mean 2200 g) or gestational age (mean 35 weeks). The high stability of the samples at room temperature admits the possibility of dry shipment of samples collected elsewhere to the diagnostic laboratory. This fast, non-invasive sampling and DNA isolation method allows for early diagnosis of CF, initiation of therapy and minimisation of parental uncertainty and offers a technique for mutation analysis in any other monogenic disorder.

Tensile bond strength to and SEM evaluation of ground and intact enamel surfaces

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding of four commercially available adhesive systems to ground and intact enamel surfaces. Methods: Extracted human teeth were used to measure the microtensile bond strength to enamel and a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the bonded interface and the effect of the surface conditioning of each material. Intact buccal enamel surfaces were cleansed with tooth paste using a rotary dental brush, and the ground enamel surfaces were prepared by reducing approximately 0.5 mm from the buccal enamel surfaces using a high-speed diamond bur. One-Step (OS, Bisco), Single Bond (SB, 3M), Clearfil Liner Bond II (LBII, Kuraray), and Tokuso Mac Bond II (MBII, Tokuso) were evaluated for their ability to bond to enamel. Results: There was no significant difference in bond strengths between the materials when they were applied to ground enamel surfaces ( p>0.05). However, the bond strengths of the self-etching systems, LBII and MBII, had significantly lower bond strengths to intact enamel than the bonding systems OS and SB using phosphoric acid etching ( p<0.05). FE-SEM revealed that the etching pattern of self-etching primers was not deep enough to obtain good penetration of bonding resin when applied to intact enamel surfaces. Conclusions: Phosphoric acid etching produced good resin adhesion to ground and intact enamel. The self-etching/self-priming systems also produced good adhesion to ground enamel, but had lower bond strengths to intact enamel.

Usefulness of multiple equations for predicting preventive oral health behaviors.

Canonical correlation analyses of a previous dental survey suggested that dental checkups, flossing, and tooth brushing could all be predicted from a single equation. Most theories and research about the influence of beliefs on behavior, however, suggest different behaviors will be best predicted by different behavior-specific measures. The current survey investigated influences on brushing, flossing, and dental checkups in a probability sample of adults in the Detroit tri-county area. Both behavior-specific variables, such as perceived benefits and costs of flossing, and general variables, such as gender, were included as predictors. Canonical correlation analysis indicated three equations were needed to predict the three oral health behaviors. Flossing frequency, for example, was best predicted by confidence in flossing ability and beliefs about the benefits of and barriers to flossing. The results suggest that even these closely related behaviors are best predicted using separate equations that include mostly behavior-specific predictors.

Polished off: An inhaled dental brush

Foreign body inhalation is probably the most frequent presentation requiring urgent bronchoscopy. The objects most commonly aspirated by adults are small bones, pieces of dentures, peanuts and metal tacks. We report an unusual case in which the object inhaled was a dental polishing tip.

EFFECT ON ORAL CLEANLINESS PRODUCED BY DENTAL HEALTH INSTRUCTION AND BRUSHING THE TEETH IN THE CLASS ROOM

Journal of School HealthVolume 25, Issue 9 p. 250-254 EFFECT ON ORAL CLEANLINESS PRODUCED BY DENTAL HEALTH INSTRUCTION AND BRUSHING THE TEETH IN THE CLASS ROOM The 1953–1954 Baltimore Tooth Brushing Study H. Berton McCauley D.D.S., H. Berton McCauley D.D.S. Director of the Bureau of Dental Care, Baltimore Health DepartmentSearch for more papers by this authorLillian B. Davis Sc.D., Lillian B. Davis Sc.D. Supervisor of Health Education, Baltimore City Public SchoolsSearch for more papers by this authorTodd M. Frazier A.B., Todd M. Frazier A.B. Director of the Bureau of Riostatistics, Baltimore City Health Department.Search for more papers by this author H. Berton McCauley D.D.S., H. Berton McCauley D.D.S. Director of the Bureau of Dental Care, Baltimore Health DepartmentSearch for more papers by this authorLillian B. Davis Sc.D., Lillian B. Davis Sc.D. Supervisor of Health Education, Baltimore City Public SchoolsSearch for more papers by this authorTodd M. Frazier A.B., Todd M. Frazier A.B. Director of the Bureau of Riostatistics, Baltimore City Health Department.Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1955 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1955.tb08017.xCitations: 8 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume25, Issue9November 1955Pages 250-254 RelatedInformation