Dental Alginate Impression Material Research Articles

Effect of Powder/Water Ratio Variation on Viscosity, Tear Strength and Detail Reproduction of Dental Alginate Impression Material (In Vitro and Clinical Study).

Background: Alginate impression is a common dental polymeric material, presented as powder to be mixed with water. Aim: 1. To analyze the effect of alginate powder/water ratio variation on viscosity, tear strength and detail reproduction by in vitro tests, and 2. To evaluate this variation’s effect on patients’ impressions. Materials and methods: Two commercial alginate products were mixed in different viscosities. Viscosity was measured by a viscometer. For the tear strength test, V-shaped specimens were used. For detail reproduction, a die with three scribed lines was used. Clinical dental impressions were examined by stereomicroscope. Results: The alginate specimens mixed with a higher powder/water ratio showed a higher viscosity and tear strength compared to those with a lower powder/water ratio. Both alginate mixtures reproduced two scribed lines in a detail reproduction test. On the other hand, no clear clinical difference was detected when examining dental impressions mixed with a different powder/water ratio. Conclusion: Although increasing the powder/water ratio of mixed alginate raised the resultant viscosity and tear strength by an in vitro test, clinically, no clear difference in tearing was detected. Detail reproduction was minimally affected by the variation in powder/water ratio.

Artificial finger with dental alginate impression material can fool the sensorof various finger print systems

Artificial finger with dental alginate impression material can fool the sensorof various finger print systems

The purity and viscosity of sodium alginate extracted from Sargassum brown seaweed species as a basic ingredient in dental alginate impression material

Sodium alginate is one of the basic ingredients of alginate impression materials. Experimental sodium alginate was made by using an immersion method in acid to extract Sargassum brown seaweed species. The sodium alginate powder was then tested for its purity and viscosity. The experimental sodium alginate had a purity determined by high-performance liquid chromatography equivalent to that of a standard sodium alginate powder (SIGMA A2158). The Brookfield viscosity test showed that the viscosity of the experimental sodium alginate was too low (45.3 mPas) and unsuitable for use as a dental alginate impression material basic ingredient.

Preparation of experimental dental alginate impression material from Sargassum spp. seaweed extract based on its setting time

Alginate impression material is one of the most widely used impression materials in dentistry because it is easy to use, economical, and exhibits excellent impression results. Indonesia’s coastal waters are rich in brown seaweed, one of which is Sargassum brown seaweed, which can be processed into alginate and eventually used in dentistry. Thus, this preliminary, laboratory-based experimental study aims to prepare experimental dental alginate impression material from Sargassum spp. seaweed extract obtained from Binuangeun (Banten, Indonesia) based on its setting time tested according to ANSI/ADA Specification for Alginate Impression Materials no. 18: 1983. After extracting Sargassum spp. seaweed, the alginate powder was mixed with its water/powder ratio obtained from the combination of alginate composition and tested for its final setting time. The obtained impression material from Sargassum spp. seaweed was in the form of sodium alginate powder extract, which was light brown, odorless, and shaped like fine sand. This study suggests that the preparation of experimental impression materials from seaweed extract obtained from Sargassum spp. has a setting time of 3 min corroborating ANSI/ADA Specs no. 18: 1983, signifying the potential to be used with various other additives to produce Indonesia’s alginate impression materials.

Dental alginate impression waste as additional fertiliser for plant yields and soil quality

Introduction: Dental alginate impression material is the most common material used in dentistry. However, dental alginate waste (DAW) is one of the causes of the increasing number of dentistry and medicinal wastes. This research was aimed to discover the effect of dental alginate impression waste as additional fertiliser on the plant yields by determining the weight of cauliflower crop, and towards the quality of soil by determining the soil pH (Ultisol® Jatinangor). Methods: The experiment was using a randomised block design with 4 treatments and 7 times replications. The treatment consisted of A0 (0% DAW as control), A1 (0.01% DAW), A2 (0.1% DAW), and A3 (1% DAW). Results: The weight of cauliflower after addition of DAW in group A0 was 72.78; A1 was 139.82); A2 was 130.69; and A3 was 60.72). While the pH soil in group A0 was 5.92; A1 was 6.07; A2 was 6.02; and A3 was 6.26. The treatment in the A1 and A2 groups were found as the significant doses that able to increase the cauliflower weight for consecutively 1.92 times and 1.80 times compared to the control group, while on the soil quality improvement (soil pH), the addition of DAW was not significantly affected. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the addition of dental alginate waste at the dose of 0.01% and 0.1% increased the weight of cauliflower, but has no significant effect on the soil quality.

Highly nanoporous carbon microflakes from discarded dental impression materials

Discarded dental alginate impression materials are used as carbon sources to prepare novel carbon microflakes via an industrially feasible pyrolysis–etching approach. Various characterizations reveal that the sulfur-doped carbon materials are porous layered-like microflakes with thicknesses of ~100–400nm. These microflakes have a high specific surface area of ~1000m2g−1, a large pore volume of 1.30cm3g−1 and a high mesoporosity of 95.6% without any activation, thereby making them promising for energy storage applications. Therefore, this study provides technological guidance in the use of discarded alginate impression materials to produce high-quality carbon materials.

Evaluation of some mechanical properties of dental alginate impression materials after fluoride addition

Objective:Fluorid-containing dental alginate impression materials can exert a considerable reduction inenamel solubility. The objective was to evaluate the effect of fluoride addition on the setting time andcompressive strength of alginate impression materials.Methodology: 60 samples were constructed from alginate impression material (30 samples for settingtime test and 30 samples for compressive strength test).Specimens of each test divided into threesubgroup. Group A: 10 specimens of alginate were mixed with distilled water [control], Group B: 10specimens of alginate were mixed with100-ppm fluoride and Group C:10 specimens of alginate weremixed with 2%Naf.Results: the result of setting time test showed that addition of 2% Naf to alginate impression materialswere delayed the setting reaction while the results of compressive strength test showed that high meanvalues were obtained from control group while group mixed with 2%Naf had lower compressivestrength.Recommendation: it can be concluded that addition of 100-ppm fluoride were affect on theproperties of alginate impression materials while addition of 2% Naf was deteriorated the properties ofalginate impression materials. So recommends the effect of fluoride addition in other concentration

The effect of disinfecting solutions on the dimensional stability of dental alginate impression materials

ObjectivesDimensional changes occur in set dental alginate impression materials when immersed in disinfecting solutions. In this contribution the dimensional changes of two alginates in two disinfecting solutions, and for two specimen thicknesses, have been studied. The results were analyzed theoretically. MethodsThe dimensional changes of two commercial alginates (Blueprint Cremix and Hydrogum), have been measured, in distilled water and two disinfecting solutions (Perform ID/sodium hypochlorite), using a traveling microscope, at 5min intervals over a period of 1h. Samples of simple geometry have been studied, namely rectangular strips with thicknesses of 1.5 and 3mm, respectively. ResultsIn all cases, both alginates continuously shrank with time, in the three immersion liquids, over the hour of measurement, indicating transfer of water from the alginate into the external water or disinfecting solution. The t1/2 shrinkage plots were generally linear, but with an intercept on the t1/2 axis, indicating the possibility of an initial expansion at very short times. In most cases, the ratios of slopes for both thicknesses were 1.33–1.54, in contrast to the theoretical value of 2. Perform ID however gave anomalous results for the 1.5mm thick samples. At 10min their shrinkage was 1.34–1.72%, compared with −0.42% to 0.67% in the other two media. SignificanceThe effects of thickness observed were not in accord with simple Fickian theory because of the various ions diffusing into and out of the alginate. Moreover, the water content of the alginate decreased consequent on the cross-linking process.

Dimensional changes of alginate dental impression materials

The weight loss and corresponding dimensional changes of two dental alginate impression materials have been studied. The weight loss kinetics indicate this to be a diffusion controlled process, but with a boundary condition at the surface of the concentration decreasing exponentially with time. This is in marked contrast to most desorption processes, where the surface concentration becomes instantaneously zero. The appropriate theory has been developed for an exponential boundary condition, and its predictions compared with experimental data; the agreement was satisfactory. The diffusion coefficients for two thicknesses of the same material were not identical as predicted by theory; the possible reasons for this are discussed.

Effect of fluoride addition on the properties of dental alginate impression materials.

Fluoride-containing dental alginate impression materials can exert a considerable reduction in enamel solubility. The objective was to evaluate the effects of fluoride addition in the alginate impression materials on the properties and subsequent release of fluoride. Four experimental alginate impression materials were studied. Materials were mixed with distilled water (control) or 100-ppm fluoride solution. One or two percent NaF, or 1% SnF2 was added to the materials, which were mixed with distilled water. Fluoride release, flexibility, recovery from deformation, setting time, compressive strength and elastic modulus were determined in accordance with the ISO 1563 and ANSI/ADA Spec. 18. Fluoride release increased after addition of fluoride, and the released amount was 0.762-14.761 ppm. Addition of NaF or SnF2 resulted in higher fluoride release than the control group (p < 0.05). After fluoride addition, flexibility was 15.45-20.27%, and the recovery from deformation did not change except one material. Compressive strength after fluoride addition was 0.36-1.12 MPa. Addition of NaF or SnF2 in an alginate impression material may result in effective release of fluoride without deteriorating the properties of material itself.

Microbial contamination in two antimicrobial and four control brands of alginate impression material

Previous investigations have revealed commercial alginate impression material to be contaminated with viable microorganisms. Some manufacturers are now producing alginate materials that contain antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to test and compare two antimicrobial and four control brands without antimicrobial agents of commercial dental alginate impression material for the presence of viable microorganisms. Forty-eight or 96 measured samples of each brand were taken from previously unopened containers using a sterile technique. The samples were placed on chocolate agar plates and in thioglycolate broth tubes and were incubated along with appropriate parallel controls. After incubation, colonies were enumerated, gram-stained, and identified using standard microbiologie methods. The two antimicrobial brands contained viable organisms in 12.5% of the samples incubated on agar media and also contained such organisms in from 0% to 16.7% of the samples incubated in thioglycolate media. The four control brands contained viable organisms in from 29.2% to 100% of the samples incubated on agar media and also contained these organisms in from 25% to 79.2% of the samples incubated in thioglycolate media. There was a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.05) in contamination frequencies among some brands. Contamination frequencies of the top and middle portions of the containers did not differ significantly. The concentration of organisms in contaminated samples was 2.8 colony-formed units (CFUs) per gram for the antimicrobial alginates, and from 9 to 161.1 CFUs per gram for the control brands. Most organisms isolated were common environmental contaminants. It is concluded that samples from the antimicrobial brands exhibited lower overall levels of microbial contamination than did the control brands.

Identification of a Foreign Body Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis

A foreign object, presumably swallowed during a dental appointment, was recovered by using an esophagoscope and thought to be a piece of dental impression material, probably alginate. It was identified as being of nondental origin by means of visible light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the latter coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. Histologic examination revealed some amorphous crystalline material surrounded by parakeratin and exfoliated squamous cells. The material was essentially radiolucent. A known dental alginate impression material contained diatomaceous earth filler (siliceous shells of diatoms), but no microscopic symmetrical figures were seen in the foreign body. After dehydration, both materials were carbon-coated and observed in an SEM at 20 kV at magnifications up to 2000 X. The spectrum of secondary X-rays produced by the scanning electron beam revealed only magnesium in the foreign body and mostly silicon in the dental alginate. There are no known dental products that contain magnesium as the only inorganic ingredient and so the foreign body is believed to be not of dental origin. The patient may have had an antacid or laxative having magnesium as a major ingredient in the stomach, and this may have been refluxed from the stomach after stimulation of the normal gag reflex during the dental procedure.

The Definition of Alginate Impression Materials by a Specification

The formulation of a specification for dental alginate impression materials, which will characterize them adequately, is described and much of the experimental data obtained during the development is presented.